Gender Effects of Social Security Reform in Chile
In 1981 Chile replaced a mature government-run social security system that operated on a pay-as-you-go basis with a privately managed system based on individual retirement accounts. The new system is more fiscally sustainable because pension benefi...
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| Format: | Journal Article |
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Washington, DC: World Bank
2014
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2002/09/17741988/gender-effects-social-security-reform-chile http://hdl.handle.net/10986/17211 |
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okr-10986-172112021-04-23T14:03:29Z Gender Effects of Social Security Reform in Chile Cox Edwards, Alejandra ANNUITY BENEFITS FOR WOMEN COMPENSATION CONTRIBUTION RATES CONTRIBUTION SYSTEM CONTRIBUTIONS OF WOMEN CULTURAL CHANGE DEFINED CONTRIBUTION SYSTEM DISABILITY DISABILITY PENSIONS EARLY DEATH EDUCATED WOMEN ELDERLY ELDERLY MEN ELDERLY POPULATION ELDERLY WOMEN EXTENDED FAMILY FAMILIES FAMILY PLAN FEMALE FEMALE WORK FEMALES FUTURE PENSION GENDER GENDER BIAS GENDER DIFFERENCE GENDER DIFFERENCES GENDER DISPARITY GENDER GAP GENDER IMPACT GENDERS HEALTH CARE HEALTH INSURANCE HIGHLY EDUCATED WOMEN HUMAN CAPITAL HUSBAND HUSBANDS INCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIES INDEXED ANNUITY INDIVIDUAL BENEFITS INDIVIDUAL INCOMES INDIVIDUAL RETIREMENT ACCOUNTS INSURANCE INSURANCE COMPANIES INSURANCE COMPANY JOINT ANNUITIES JOINT ANNUITY LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LAWS LEVEL OF EDUCATION LIFE EXPECTANCIES LIFE EXPECTANCY LIVING STANDARDS LONGER LIFE MARITAL STATUS MARRIAGE AGE MARRIED COUPLE MARRIED COUPLES MARRIED MAN MARRIED MEN MARRIED WOMAN MARRIED WOMEN MINIMUM BENEFIT MINIMUM INCOME MINIMUM INCOMES MULTIPILLAR SYSTEM NATIONAL HEALTH SYSTEM OLD AGE OLD SYSTEM OLD-AGE OLD-AGE PENSIONS OLDER WOMEN PARENTS PAY-AS-YOU-GO SYSTEM PAYROLL TAX PAYROLL TAXES PENSION PENSION AGE PENSION AGES PENSION AT RETIREMENT PENSION BENEFITS PENSION FUND PENSION FUNDS PENSION INSURANCE PENSION PROGRAM PENSION REFORM PENSION SYSTEM PENSIONABLE AGE PENSIONER PENSIONS POLICY RESEARCH PREMATURE DEATH PRIMARY SCHOOLING PUBLIC PILLAR REPLACEMENT RATE REPLACEMENT RATES RESPECT RETIREE RETIREMENT RETIREMENT AGE RETIREMENT AGES RETIREMENT BENEFIT RETIREMENT BENEFITS RETIREMENT INCOME RETIREMENT INCOMES RETIREMENT PLAN RURAL AREAS SAFETY NET SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY SCHOOL SECONDARY SCHOOL EDUCATION SECONDARY SCHOOLING SEX SINGLE MEN SINGLE WOMEN SOCIAL SECURITY SOCIAL SECURITY BENEFITS SOCIAL SECURITY REFORM SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEMS STATE UNIVERSITY TAX RATE TAX RATES URBAN AREAS URBAN WOMEN VULNERABILITY WIDOW WIDOWS WIFE WILL WIVES WORKING WOMEN WORKING-AGE POPULATION YOUNG WOMEN In 1981 Chile replaced a mature government-run social security system that operated on a pay-as-you-go basis with a privately managed system based on individual retirement accounts. The new system is more fiscally sustainable because pension benefits are defined by contributions. The minimum pension guaranteed to beneficiaries with at least 20 years is funded from general taxes, preserving the tight matching between contributions and benefits. The new system also eliminates several cross-subsidies. Men and women with less than secondary education gain under the new system, but single women with more education lose. Comparison of the old and the new systems reveals a complex set of factors that cause gender effects given constant behavior or change behavior across genders. 2014-03-04T20:10:00Z 2014-03-04T20:10:00Z 2002-09 Journal Article http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2002/09/17741988/gender-effects-social-security-reform-chile World Bank Economic Review http://hdl.handle.net/10986/17211 English en_US CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/igo World Bank Washington, DC: World Bank Publications & Research :: Journal Article Publications & Research Latin America & Caribbean Chile |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
ANNUITY BENEFITS FOR WOMEN COMPENSATION CONTRIBUTION RATES CONTRIBUTION SYSTEM CONTRIBUTIONS OF WOMEN CULTURAL CHANGE DEFINED CONTRIBUTION SYSTEM DISABILITY DISABILITY PENSIONS EARLY DEATH EDUCATED WOMEN ELDERLY ELDERLY MEN ELDERLY POPULATION ELDERLY WOMEN EXTENDED FAMILY FAMILIES FAMILY PLAN FEMALE FEMALE WORK FEMALES FUTURE PENSION GENDER GENDER BIAS GENDER DIFFERENCE GENDER DIFFERENCES GENDER DISPARITY GENDER GAP GENDER IMPACT GENDERS HEALTH CARE HEALTH INSURANCE HIGHLY EDUCATED WOMEN HUMAN CAPITAL HUSBAND HUSBANDS INCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIES INDEXED ANNUITY INDIVIDUAL BENEFITS INDIVIDUAL INCOMES INDIVIDUAL RETIREMENT ACCOUNTS INSURANCE INSURANCE COMPANIES INSURANCE COMPANY JOINT ANNUITIES JOINT ANNUITY LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LAWS LEVEL OF EDUCATION LIFE EXPECTANCIES LIFE EXPECTANCY LIVING STANDARDS LONGER LIFE MARITAL STATUS MARRIAGE AGE MARRIED COUPLE MARRIED COUPLES MARRIED MAN MARRIED MEN MARRIED WOMAN MARRIED WOMEN MINIMUM BENEFIT MINIMUM INCOME MINIMUM INCOMES MULTIPILLAR SYSTEM NATIONAL HEALTH SYSTEM OLD AGE OLD SYSTEM OLD-AGE OLD-AGE PENSIONS OLDER WOMEN PARENTS PAY-AS-YOU-GO SYSTEM PAYROLL TAX PAYROLL TAXES PENSION PENSION AGE PENSION AGES PENSION AT RETIREMENT PENSION BENEFITS PENSION FUND PENSION FUNDS PENSION INSURANCE PENSION PROGRAM PENSION REFORM PENSION SYSTEM PENSIONABLE AGE PENSIONER PENSIONS POLICY RESEARCH PREMATURE DEATH PRIMARY SCHOOLING PUBLIC PILLAR REPLACEMENT RATE REPLACEMENT RATES RESPECT RETIREE RETIREMENT RETIREMENT AGE RETIREMENT AGES RETIREMENT BENEFIT RETIREMENT BENEFITS RETIREMENT INCOME RETIREMENT INCOMES RETIREMENT PLAN RURAL AREAS SAFETY NET SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY SCHOOL SECONDARY SCHOOL EDUCATION SECONDARY SCHOOLING SEX SINGLE MEN SINGLE WOMEN SOCIAL SECURITY SOCIAL SECURITY BENEFITS SOCIAL SECURITY REFORM SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEMS STATE UNIVERSITY TAX RATE TAX RATES URBAN AREAS URBAN WOMEN VULNERABILITY WIDOW WIDOWS WIFE WILL WIVES WORKING WOMEN WORKING-AGE POPULATION YOUNG WOMEN |
| spellingShingle |
ANNUITY BENEFITS FOR WOMEN COMPENSATION CONTRIBUTION RATES CONTRIBUTION SYSTEM CONTRIBUTIONS OF WOMEN CULTURAL CHANGE DEFINED CONTRIBUTION SYSTEM DISABILITY DISABILITY PENSIONS EARLY DEATH EDUCATED WOMEN ELDERLY ELDERLY MEN ELDERLY POPULATION ELDERLY WOMEN EXTENDED FAMILY FAMILIES FAMILY PLAN FEMALE FEMALE WORK FEMALES FUTURE PENSION GENDER GENDER BIAS GENDER DIFFERENCE GENDER DIFFERENCES GENDER DISPARITY GENDER GAP GENDER IMPACT GENDERS HEALTH CARE HEALTH INSURANCE HIGHLY EDUCATED WOMEN HUMAN CAPITAL HUSBAND HUSBANDS INCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIES INDEXED ANNUITY INDIVIDUAL BENEFITS INDIVIDUAL INCOMES INDIVIDUAL RETIREMENT ACCOUNTS INSURANCE INSURANCE COMPANIES INSURANCE COMPANY JOINT ANNUITIES JOINT ANNUITY LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LAWS LEVEL OF EDUCATION LIFE EXPECTANCIES LIFE EXPECTANCY LIVING STANDARDS LONGER LIFE MARITAL STATUS MARRIAGE AGE MARRIED COUPLE MARRIED COUPLES MARRIED MAN MARRIED MEN MARRIED WOMAN MARRIED WOMEN MINIMUM BENEFIT MINIMUM INCOME MINIMUM INCOMES MULTIPILLAR SYSTEM NATIONAL HEALTH SYSTEM OLD AGE OLD SYSTEM OLD-AGE OLD-AGE PENSIONS OLDER WOMEN PARENTS PAY-AS-YOU-GO SYSTEM PAYROLL TAX PAYROLL TAXES PENSION PENSION AGE PENSION AGES PENSION AT RETIREMENT PENSION BENEFITS PENSION FUND PENSION FUNDS PENSION INSURANCE PENSION PROGRAM PENSION REFORM PENSION SYSTEM PENSIONABLE AGE PENSIONER PENSIONS POLICY RESEARCH PREMATURE DEATH PRIMARY SCHOOLING PUBLIC PILLAR REPLACEMENT RATE REPLACEMENT RATES RESPECT RETIREE RETIREMENT RETIREMENT AGE RETIREMENT AGES RETIREMENT BENEFIT RETIREMENT BENEFITS RETIREMENT INCOME RETIREMENT INCOMES RETIREMENT PLAN RURAL AREAS SAFETY NET SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY SCHOOL SECONDARY SCHOOL EDUCATION SECONDARY SCHOOLING SEX SINGLE MEN SINGLE WOMEN SOCIAL SECURITY SOCIAL SECURITY BENEFITS SOCIAL SECURITY REFORM SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEMS STATE UNIVERSITY TAX RATE TAX RATES URBAN AREAS URBAN WOMEN VULNERABILITY WIDOW WIDOWS WIFE WILL WIVES WORKING WOMEN WORKING-AGE POPULATION YOUNG WOMEN Cox Edwards, Alejandra Gender Effects of Social Security Reform in Chile |
| geographic_facet |
Latin America & Caribbean Chile |
| description |
In 1981 Chile replaced a mature
government-run social security system that operated on a
pay-as-you-go basis with a privately managed system based on
individual retirement accounts. The new system is more
fiscally sustainable because pension benefits are defined by
contributions. The minimum pension guaranteed to
beneficiaries with at least 20 years is funded from general
taxes, preserving the tight matching between contributions
and benefits. The new system also eliminates several
cross-subsidies. Men and women with less than secondary
education gain under the new system, but single women with
more education lose. Comparison of the old and the new
systems reveals a complex set of factors that cause gender
effects given constant behavior or change behavior across genders. |
| format |
Journal Article |
| author |
Cox Edwards, Alejandra |
| author_facet |
Cox Edwards, Alejandra |
| author_sort |
Cox Edwards, Alejandra |
| title |
Gender Effects of Social Security Reform in Chile |
| title_short |
Gender Effects of Social Security Reform in Chile |
| title_full |
Gender Effects of Social Security Reform in Chile |
| title_fullStr |
Gender Effects of Social Security Reform in Chile |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Gender Effects of Social Security Reform in Chile |
| title_sort |
gender effects of social security reform in chile |
| publisher |
Washington, DC: World Bank |
| publishDate |
2014 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2002/09/17741988/gender-effects-social-security-reform-chile http://hdl.handle.net/10986/17211 |
| _version_ |
1764433273605324800 |