What Does It Take to Scale Up Rural Sanitation?

Over the last 30 years, most rural sanitation projects have had pockets of success, but were small in scale and could not be scaled up. Learning how to expand on the successes of small-scale projects to increase access at large scale has been an en...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Perez, Eduardo, Cardosi, Jason, Coombes, Yolande, Devine, Jacqueline, Grossman, Amy, Kullmann, Craig, Kumar, C. Ajith, Mukherjee, Nilanjana, Prakash, Manu, Robiarto, Amin, Setiwan, Deviariandy, Singh, Upneet, Wartono, Djoko
Format:	Working Paper
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2014
Subjects:	ACCESS TO SANITATION ADEQUATE HUMAN RESOURCES ADEQUATE SANITATION ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES BEHAVIOR CHANGE CAPACITY BUILDING CLEAN DRINKING WATER CLEAN WATER COMMUNICATION CHANNELS COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION COST-EFFECTIVENESS CULTURAL VALUES DELIVERY MODELS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DIARRHEA DIARRHEAL DISEASES DISSEMINATION DRINKING WATER ELDERLY ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION EXTREME POVERTY FORMAL EDUCATION GENDER EQUALITY GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP GOOD SANITATION GOVERNMENT AGENCIES GOVERNMENT CAPACITY GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT HANDWASHING HEALTH CENTERS HEALTH SERVICES HOME AFFAIRS HOUSEHOLD HEADS HOUSEHOLD LATRINES HOUSEHOLD LEVEL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN EXCRETA HUMAN HEALTH HYGIENE EDUCATION HYGIENE IMPROVEMENT ILLNESSES INDIVIDUAL HOUSEHOLDS INFANT INFANT MORTALITY INFORMATION SYSTEM INFRASTRUCTURE CONSTRUCTION INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION INTESTINAL WORMS IRRIGATION LARGE POPULATIONS LATRINE CONSTRUCTION LIVE BIRTHS LOCAL AUTHORITIES LOCAL CAPACITY LOCAL GOVERNMENTS MALARIA MASS MEDIA MENSTRUATION MIGRANT MIGRANT WORKERS MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS MINISTRY OF EDUCATION MINISTRY OF HEALTH NATIONAL GOVERNMENT NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS NATIONAL LEVEL NATIONAL LEVELS NUMBER OF PEOPLE POOR POOR FAMILIES POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR PEOPLE POOR SANITATION POPULATION GROWTH POSTERS POVERTY LINE PRACTITIONERS PROGRESS PROMOTIONAL MATERIALS PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC WORKS QUALITY OF LIFE RADIO RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS RESPECT RURAL RURAL ACCESS RURAL AREAS RURAL COMMUNITIES RURAL DEVELOPMENT RURAL HOUSEHOLDS RURAL POOR RURAL POPULATION RURAL REGIONS RURAL SANITATION RURAL SANITATION COVERAGE SAFE SANITATION SAFETY SANITATION SANITATION ACTIVITIES SANITATION BEHAVIORS SANITATION CONDITIONS SANITATION FACILITIES SANITATION FACILITY SANITATION IMPROVEMENTS SANITATION INTERVENTIONS SANITATION INVESTMENTS SANITATION POLICIES SANITATION PRACTICES SANITATION PROGRAMS SANITATION PROJECTS SANITATION PROMOTION SANITATION SECTOR SANITATION SERVICE SANITATION SERVICE DELIVERY SANITATION SERVICES SANITATION SITUATION SCHOOL OF HYGIENE SERVICE PROVIDERS SEWER SYSTEM SITE SANITATION SOAP SOCIAL MARKETING SOCIAL MOBILIZATION SOCIAL NORMS SOCIAL PRESSURE SOCIAL SCIENCE SOCIAL SUPPORT SOCIAL WELFARE STATE GOVERNMENTS SUPPLY CHAINS SUPPLY NEEDS SUSTAINABLE ACCESS TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TECHNICAL CAPACITY TELEVISION TOILETS TOTAL SANITATION TRANSPORTATION TUBERCULOSIS TV UNSAFE WATER URBAN CENTERS URBAN DWELLERS URBAN POPULATION VILLAGE COMMITTEE VILLAGERS VOCATIONAL TRAINING WATER BODIES WATER POINTS WATER SEAL WATER SUPPLY WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION YOUNG CHILDREN
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/07/16505545/take-scale-up-rural-sanitation http://hdl.handle.net/10986/17334

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Summary:	Over the last 30 years, most rural sanitation projects have had pockets of success, but were small in scale and could not be scaled up. Learning how to expand on the successes of small-scale projects to increase access at large scale has been an enduring challenge. Project outcomes often fail the sustainability test once external funding ceases, and the benefits, even if sustained, remain limited to project areas. Despite growing political will to do more about rural sanitation, the lack of evidence and examples of effective and sustainable large-scale rural sanitation programs has constrained governments and development partners. In an attempt to help address these issues, starting in 2007, the World Bank's Water and Sanitation Program (WSP) provided technical assistance to help governments design, plan, implement, and monitor national rural sanitation programs that start at scale and are sustainable. This initiative was carried out in three countries, India, Indonesia, and Tanzania. To increase the supply of sanitation products and services, efforts were made to build the capacity of local builders, manufacturers, and suppliers of sanitation products and services. In addition, in all three countries, national governments have developed, reformed, or improved national sanitation policies to become demand-responsive, and local governments have strengthened their capacity to facilitate community-led efforts to stop open defecation and to support the local private sector to build improved sanitation facilities.

What Does It Take to Scale Up Rural Sanitation?

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