Bridging Divides : Enabling Urban Capabilities

Cities benefit from two key conditions, both with direct implications for social, cultural, and economic integration. One is a large middle class and a large sector of modest profit-making firms, distinct from a sharp concentration of incomes and p...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Sassen, Saskia
Format:	Working Paper
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington DC 2014
Subjects:	ABUSE ADOLESCENT GIRLS ADOLESCENTS ADULT EDUCATION ADVANCED INFRASTRUCTURE APARTHEID ARCHITECTURE BREAST MILK BUSINESS DISTRICTS CATALYSTS CHILDCARE CHILDCARE CENTERS CITIES CITIZEN CITIZENS CITIZENSHIP CITY CENTERS CITY GOVERNMENTS CITY RESIDENTS CIVIL RIGHTS CLIMATE CHANGE COMMUNITIES COMMUNITY CENTERS COMMUNITY INFRASTRUCTURE COUNTRYSIDE CRIME CULTURES DAILY LIFE DECADES OF WAR DEVELOPMENT POLICY DISTRICTS DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ECONOMIC CENTER ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC INTEGRATION ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY EMPOWERING WOMEN ENVIRONMENTAL CRISES EQUAL RIGHTS ETHNIC GROUP ETHNICITY EVERYDAY LIFE FAMILIES FAMILY PLANNING FEMALE FOOD INSECURITY FOOD SECURITY FOREIGN WOMEN GENDER GENDER EQUALITY GENDER RELATIONS GENTRIFICATION GHETTO GHETTOS HABITAT HEALTH SERVICES HOMELESSNESS HOMES HOUSEHOLD WORK HOUSEHOLDS HOUSES HOUSING HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN RIGHTS HUSBANDS IDENTITY ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION IMMIGRANT IMMIGRANTS IMMIGRATION IMMIGRATION LAW IMMIGRATION REFORM INHABITANTS INTERVENTIONS LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LIFE SKILLS LITERACY LIVING CONDITIONS LOCALITIES MARGINAL AREAS MEGACITIES MIGRANT MIGRANT WOMEN MIGRANT WORKERS MINISTRY OF EDUCATION MINORITY MOBILITY MOTHER MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENTS NATIONAL LEVEL NEIGHBORHOOD NEIGHBORHOODS NORMS NUTRITION PHYSICAL ABUSE POLICE POLICY MAKERS POWER PREGNANT WOMEN PROGRESS PUBLIC PARKS PUBLIC SPHERE PUBLIC TRANSPORT PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEM PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION RACIAL DISCRIMINATION RACISM RAILROADS RAPID POPULATION GROWTH REFUGEES RELIGION RESIDENTIAL AREAS ROUTES RURAL WOMEN SAFETY SAFETY NET SERVICE PROVIDERS SEWERAGE SEXUAL ABUSE SEXUAL ORIENTATION SEXUAL VIOLENCE SHADOW REPORT SHOPS SKILLED WORKERS SLUM SOCIAL CLASS SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS SOCIAL INTEGRATION SOCIAL MARKETING SOCIAL NETWORKS SOCIAL PROCESSES SOCIAL RESEARCH SOCIAL SERVICE SOCIAL SERVICES SOCIAL STRUCTURE SOCIAL STRUCTURES SOCIETIES SOCIETY SOCIOLOGY STREETS TAX TRAFFIC TRAFFIC SYSTEMS TRAININGS TRANSPORT TRANSPORTATION TUNNEL UNEMPLOYMENT URBAN AREAS URBAN COMMUNITY URBAN CONDITIONS URBAN DEVELOPMENT URBAN DEVELOPMENT POLICY URBAN ECONOMIES URBAN ECONOMY URBAN LIVING URBAN PLANNING URBAN POPULATION URBAN RESIDENTS URBAN SLUMS URBAN SPACE URBAN SYSTEMS URBANIZATION VICTIMS VULNERABILITY WAR WARS WEALTH WOMAN WORKFORCE WORKING CLASS WORKING CONDITIONS YOUNG WOMEN YOUTH
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/11/18862607/bridging-divides-enabling-urban-capabilities http://hdl.handle.net/10986/17600

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Summary:	Cities benefit from two key conditions, both with direct implications for social, cultural, and economic integration. One is a large middle class and a large sector of modest profit-making firms, distinct from a sharp concentration of incomes and profits. The other is a well-distributed urban economy: robust neighborhood sub economies preventing excessive economic concentration in the center, and good transportation for people and goods- not only to the center but also transversally. The urban economy is marked by capture at the top, poorer middle classes, larger destitute populations, and more crime and conflict. These challenges, though present in cities the world over, play out differently in smaller, prosperous cities in Europe and North America than in megacities in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. But cities today are also seeing a massive upgrading of infrastructure in city centers and high value neighborhoods. One outcome is widespread homelessness and destitution, even in cities where these problems had become rare by the mid- to late 20th century. The reasons for this juxtaposition vary enormously due to the differences among cities and among the national economies and societies in which they function. Some cities are sinking under the weight of the negatives, while others are, more recently, succeeding. The major challenges that confront cities and society in general have increasingly strong feedback loops that disassemble the old civic urban order. Fighting climate change may well force citizens and immigrants to work together, regardless of religion, culture, or phenotype.

Bridging Divides : Enabling Urban Capabilities

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