Youth Employment : A Human Development Agenda for the Next Decade

This paper reviews the main challenges facing countries in attempting to improve labor market outcomes among youth, focusing on the issues that became starkly visible during the recent financial crisis. In order to better identify and set up human...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Robalino, David, Margolis, David, Rother, Friederike, Newhouse, David, Lundberg, Mattias
Format:	Working Paper
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2014
Subjects:	ACTIVE LABOR ACTIVE LABOR MARKET ACTIVE LABOR MARKET PROGRAMS ADOLESCENTS ADULT WORKERS AGE COHORT AGGREGATE DEMAND BARGAINING POWER BORROWING CAPITAL MARKETS CAREER COUNSELING CLASSROOM TRAINING COGNITIVE SKILLS COLLECTIVE BARGAINING CURRICULA DEADWEIGHT DEADWEIGHT LOSS DIRECT JOB CREATION DISMISSAL DROPOUTS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC SLOWDOWN ECONOMIC THEORY EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EDUCATIONAL CAPACITY EMPLOYABILITY EMPLOYMENT EFFECTS EMPLOYMENT OFFICES EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES EMPLOYMENT POLICIES EMPLOYMENT PROGRAM EMPLOYMENT PROGRAMS EMPLOYMENT PROTECTION LEGISLATION EMPLOYMENT SERVICE EMPLOYMENT SERVICES EMPLOYMENT SPELLS EMPLOYMENT STATUS EMPLOYMENT SUBSIDIES EMPLOYMENT TRAINING ENROLLMENT ENTREPRENEURSHIP TRAINING EQUAL TREATMENT FINDING JOBS FIRST-TIME JOB SEEKERS FORMAL EDUCATION FORMAL LABOR MARKET GANGS GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM GROUP TRAINING HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT HIGH WAGES HOUSEHOLD INCOME HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RESOURCES INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME SUPPORT PROGRAM INCOME SUPPORT PROGRAMS INFORMAL ECONOMY INFORMAL SECTOR INTERVENTIONS INVENTORY JOB COUNSELING JOB CREATION JOB DESTRUCTION JOB DESTRUCTION RATES JOB EXPERIENCE JOB FAIRS JOB OFFERS JOB PLACEMENT JOB PLACEMENT SERVICES JOB SEARCH JOB SEARCH ASSISTANCE JOB SEEKER JOB SKILLS JOB-SEARCH ACTIVITIES JOB-SEARCH ASSISTANCE JOBS LABOR CONTRACTS LABOR DEMAND LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET CONDITIONS LABOR MARKET EXPERIENCE LABOR MARKET IMPACT LABOR MARKET INFORMATION LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES LABOR MARKET PROGRAMS LABOR MARKET REFORM LABOR MARKET REFORMS LABOR MARKET REGULATION LABOR MARKETS LABOR ORGANIZATION LABOR REGULATIONS LABOR RESOURCES LABOUR LAYOFF LEADERSHIP LEARNING LIFE EXPECTANCY LITERACY LOCAL EMPLOYMENT OFFICE LOCAL EMPLOYMENT OFFICES LONG-TERM UNEMPLOYMENT MANDATORY SAVINGS MARKET FAILURES MINIMUM WAGE MINIMUM WAGES NUMERACY OCCUPATION OCCUPATIONS OLDER WORKERS ON-THE-JOB TRAINING PARTICIPATION RATES PAYROLL TAXES PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT PERMANENT EMPLOYMENT POLITICAL ECONOMY PRELIMINARY EVIDENCE PRELIMINARY RESULTS PRESENT VALUE PREVIOUS WORK PREVIOUS WORK EXPERIENCE PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIVATE COMPANIES PRIVATE COSTS PRIVATE PROVIDERS PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVATE TRAINING PRIVATE TRAINING PROVIDERS PROCESS EVALUATIONS PRODUCT MARKETS PRODUCTIVE EMPLOYMENT PRODUCTIVITY PROGRAM DESIGN PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT PUBLIC SERVICE PUBLIC SERVICES PUBLIC WORKS PUBLIC WORKS PROGRAM PUBLIC WORKS PROGRAMS REGULAR EMPLOYMENT REGULAR WORKER RURAL AREAS RURAL YOUTH SAFETY SAFETY NETS SCHOOLS SELF EMPLOYED SERVANTS SERVICE PROVIDER SERVICE PROVIDERS SKILLED WORKERS SKILLS TRAINING SMALL BUSINESS SOCIAL COHESION SOCIAL COSTS SOCIAL INCLUSION STABLE JOBS SUBSIDIZED EMPLOYMENT SUBSIDIZED EMPLOYMENT PROGRAMS SUBSIDIZED WORKER SUBSTITUTION EFFECTS TEMPORARY INCOME SUPPORT TEMPORARY JOBS TRAINING ASSISTANCE TRAINING COMPONENT TRAINING COSTS TRAINING INSTITUTIONS TRAINING PERIOD TRAINING PROGRAMS TRAINING PROVIDERS TRAINING SERVICES TRANSACTIONS COSTS UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYED WORKERS UNEMPLOYED YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITS UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE UNEMPLOYMENT RATE UNEMPLOYMENT RATES UNEMPLOYMENT SPELLS UNSKILLED WORKERS URBAN YOUTH URBAN YOUTH EMPLOYMENT VIOLENCE VOCATIONAL EDUCATION VOCATIONAL TRAINING VOCATIONAL TRAINING PROGRAMS WAGE BILL WAGE EMPLOYMENT WAGE SUBSIDIES WAGE SUBSIDY WAGE SUBSIDY PROGRAMS WORK EXPERIENCE WORKERS YOUNG ADULTS YOUNG PEOPLE YOUNG WOMEN YOUNG WORKERS YOUTH AGENDA YOUTH CRIME YOUTH EMPLOYMENT YOUTH LABOR YOUTH POPULATION YOUTH TRAINING YOUTH TRAINING PROGRAMS YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT RATES
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/06/18782037/youth-employment-human-development-agenda-next-decade http://hdl.handle.net/10986/17620

Description
Summary:	This paper reviews the main challenges facing countries in attempting to improve labor market outcomes among youth, focusing on the issues that became starkly visible during the recent financial crisis. In order to better identify and set up human development interventions, the paper proposes an agenda that focuses on three areas: (1) improving the understanding of the causes and consequences of poor labor market outcomes for youth; (2) continuing to learn from the evaluation of pilots and programs that aim to promote productive employment among young people; and (3) addressing implementation issues which frequently overwhelm the best designs. The paper utilizes research on youth employment to take stock of youth labor market outcomes across regions, focusing on inactivity, unemployment, and employment indicators. A review of what is known about current interventions, including those that appear in the youth employment Inventory database of programs, provides the basis for determining the efficacy of five categories of intervention: (i) skills training (including vocational training, on-the-job-training programs, literacy and numeracy programs, second-chance and equivalency programs, and soft-skills programs); (ii) entrepreneurship promotion (financial assistance, technical assistance, and entrepreneurship training); (iii) subsidized employment (including wage subsidy programs, public works, and public/community service programs); (iv) employment services (including search assistance and access to labor market information, job counseling and placement services, and financial assistance for job search); and (v) reforms to labor market regulation (including anti-discrimination legislation) training programs, wage subsidies. Finally, the paper proposes an agenda for research and policy analysis in the area of human development that is expected to help both deepen the understanding of youth employment issues and improve the selection, design, and implementation of youth employment programs.

Youth Employment : A Human Development Agenda for the Next Decade

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