Inequality of Outcomes and Inequality of Opportunities in Brazil
The authors depart from John Roemer's theory of equality of opportunities. They seek to determine what part of observed outcome inequality may be attributed to differences in observed "circumstances," including family background, and...
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| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
| Language: | English en_US |
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World Bank, Washington, DC
2014
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2003/12/2859439/inequality-outcomes-inequality-opportunities-brazil http://hdl.handle.net/10986/17681 |
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okr-10986-176812021-04-23T14:03:37Z Inequality of Outcomes and Inequality of Opportunities in Brazil Bourguignon, François Ferreira, Francisco H.G. Menéndez, Marta ACHIEVEMENT ACHIEVEMENTS BENCHMARK CALL DATA SET DATA SETS DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISTRIBUTIONAL EFFECT EARNINGS INEQUALITY ECONOMIC INEQUALITY EDUCATION LEVEL EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES EDUCATIONAL QUALITY EMPIRICAL MODEL EMPIRICAL WORK EMPLOYMENT EQUAL DISTRIBUTION EQUATIONS EXOGENOUS VARIABLES FUNCTIONAL FORM GINI COEFFICIENT GIRLS HIGH INEQUALITY HOMEWORK HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD INCOMES HUMAN CAPITAL INCOME INCOME DATA INCOME INEQUALITY INDIVIDUAL LEARNING INEQUALITY MEASURES INTERGENERATIONAL MOBILITY LABOR MARKET LET MEASUREMENT ERROR MIGRATION MOBILITY NEGATIVE COEFFICIENT NEGATIVE EFFECT OPPORTUNITY SETS PAPERS PARENTS PER CAPITA INCOMES POLICY RESEARCH POSITIVE EFFECT PRODUCTION FUNCTION PROGRAMS QUALITY OF EDUCATION REDISTRIBUTION POLICIES REDUCING INEQUALITY REGIONAL DIFFERENCES REGIONAL DUMMIES REGRESSION RESULTS RELATIVE IMPORTANCE RESIDUAL TERM SAM SCHOOLING SELECTION BIAS SIGNIFICANT EFFECT SOCIAL MOBILITY TEST SCORES WAGES WEALTH WELFARE LEVELS WORKERS EQUAL OPPORTUNITY; OUTCOMES OF EDUCATION; FAMILY BACKGROUND; HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS; INCOME INEQUALITY; EQUALITY; EQUAL ACCESS The authors depart from John Roemer's theory of equality of opportunities. They seek to determine what part of observed outcome inequality may be attributed to differences in observed "circumstances," including family background, and what part is due to "personal efforts." The authors use a microeconometric technique to simulate what the distribution of outcomes would look like if circumstances were the same for everybody. They apply this technique to Brazilian data from the 1996 household survey, both for earnings and for household incomes. The authors show that observed circumstances are a major source of outcome inequality in Brazil, probably more so than in other countries for which information is available. Nevertheless, the level of inequality after observed circumstances are equalized remains very high in Brazil. 2014-04-07T21:46:38Z 2014-04-07T21:46:38Z 2003-12 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2003/12/2859439/inequality-outcomes-inequality-opportunities-brazil http://hdl.handle.net/10986/17681 English en_US Policy, Research working paper series;no. WPS 3174 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research Latin America & Caribbean Brazil |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
ACHIEVEMENT ACHIEVEMENTS BENCHMARK CALL DATA SET DATA SETS DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISTRIBUTIONAL EFFECT EARNINGS INEQUALITY ECONOMIC INEQUALITY EDUCATION LEVEL EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES EDUCATIONAL QUALITY EMPIRICAL MODEL EMPIRICAL WORK EMPLOYMENT EQUAL DISTRIBUTION EQUATIONS EXOGENOUS VARIABLES FUNCTIONAL FORM GINI COEFFICIENT GIRLS HIGH INEQUALITY HOMEWORK HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD INCOMES HUMAN CAPITAL INCOME INCOME DATA INCOME INEQUALITY INDIVIDUAL LEARNING INEQUALITY MEASURES INTERGENERATIONAL MOBILITY LABOR MARKET LET MEASUREMENT ERROR MIGRATION MOBILITY NEGATIVE COEFFICIENT NEGATIVE EFFECT OPPORTUNITY SETS PAPERS PARENTS PER CAPITA INCOMES POLICY RESEARCH POSITIVE EFFECT PRODUCTION FUNCTION PROGRAMS QUALITY OF EDUCATION REDISTRIBUTION POLICIES REDUCING INEQUALITY REGIONAL DIFFERENCES REGIONAL DUMMIES REGRESSION RESULTS RELATIVE IMPORTANCE RESIDUAL TERM SAM SCHOOLING SELECTION BIAS SIGNIFICANT EFFECT SOCIAL MOBILITY TEST SCORES WAGES WEALTH WELFARE LEVELS WORKERS EQUAL OPPORTUNITY; OUTCOMES OF EDUCATION; FAMILY BACKGROUND; HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS; INCOME INEQUALITY; EQUALITY; EQUAL ACCESS |
| spellingShingle |
ACHIEVEMENT ACHIEVEMENTS BENCHMARK CALL DATA SET DATA SETS DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISTRIBUTIONAL EFFECT EARNINGS INEQUALITY ECONOMIC INEQUALITY EDUCATION LEVEL EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES EDUCATIONAL QUALITY EMPIRICAL MODEL EMPIRICAL WORK EMPLOYMENT EQUAL DISTRIBUTION EQUATIONS EXOGENOUS VARIABLES FUNCTIONAL FORM GINI COEFFICIENT GIRLS HIGH INEQUALITY HOMEWORK HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD INCOMES HUMAN CAPITAL INCOME INCOME DATA INCOME INEQUALITY INDIVIDUAL LEARNING INEQUALITY MEASURES INTERGENERATIONAL MOBILITY LABOR MARKET LET MEASUREMENT ERROR MIGRATION MOBILITY NEGATIVE COEFFICIENT NEGATIVE EFFECT OPPORTUNITY SETS PAPERS PARENTS PER CAPITA INCOMES POLICY RESEARCH POSITIVE EFFECT PRODUCTION FUNCTION PROGRAMS QUALITY OF EDUCATION REDISTRIBUTION POLICIES REDUCING INEQUALITY REGIONAL DIFFERENCES REGIONAL DUMMIES REGRESSION RESULTS RELATIVE IMPORTANCE RESIDUAL TERM SAM SCHOOLING SELECTION BIAS SIGNIFICANT EFFECT SOCIAL MOBILITY TEST SCORES WAGES WEALTH WELFARE LEVELS WORKERS EQUAL OPPORTUNITY; OUTCOMES OF EDUCATION; FAMILY BACKGROUND; HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS; INCOME INEQUALITY; EQUALITY; EQUAL ACCESS Bourguignon, François Ferreira, Francisco H.G. Menéndez, Marta Inequality of Outcomes and Inequality of Opportunities in Brazil |
| geographic_facet |
Latin America & Caribbean Brazil |
| relation |
Policy, Research working paper series;no.
WPS 3174 |
| description |
The authors depart from John
Roemer's theory of equality of opportunities. They seek
to determine what part of observed outcome inequality may be
attributed to differences in observed
"circumstances," including family background, and
what part is due to "personal efforts." The
authors use a microeconometric technique to simulate what
the distribution of outcomes would look like if
circumstances were the same for everybody. They apply this
technique to Brazilian data from the 1996 household survey,
both for earnings and for household incomes. The authors
show that observed circumstances are a major source of
outcome inequality in Brazil, probably more so than in other
countries for which information is available. Nevertheless,
the level of inequality after observed circumstances are
equalized remains very high in Brazil. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
Bourguignon, François Ferreira, Francisco H.G. Menéndez, Marta |
| author_facet |
Bourguignon, François Ferreira, Francisco H.G. Menéndez, Marta |
| author_sort |
Bourguignon, François |
| title |
Inequality of Outcomes and Inequality of Opportunities in Brazil |
| title_short |
Inequality of Outcomes and Inequality of Opportunities in Brazil |
| title_full |
Inequality of Outcomes and Inequality of Opportunities in Brazil |
| title_fullStr |
Inequality of Outcomes and Inequality of Opportunities in Brazil |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Inequality of Outcomes and Inequality of Opportunities in Brazil |
| title_sort |
inequality of outcomes and inequality of opportunities in brazil |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2014 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2003/12/2859439/inequality-outcomes-inequality-opportunities-brazil http://hdl.handle.net/10986/17681 |
| _version_ |
1764437066046767104 |