Reducing Black Carbon Emissions from Diesel Vehicles : Impacts, Control Strategies, and Cost-Benefit Analysis

A 2013 scientific assessment of black carbon emissions and impacts found that black carbon is second to carbon dioxide in terms of its climate forcing. High concentrations of black carbon in the atmosphere can change precipitation patterns and redu...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	World Bank
Format:	Working Paper
Language:	English en_US
Published:	Washington, DC 2014
Subjects:	ADVANCED ENGINE AEROSOL PRECURSORS AEROSOLS AIR AIR POLLUTION AIR QUALITY AIR QUALITY STANDARDS AIR-FUEL MIXTURES AMBIENT POLLUTION AMMONIA ASH ATMOSPHERE BASELINE EMISSIONS BIOMASS BLACK CARBON BLACK CARBON EMISSIONS BUS BUS FLEET BUS PURCHASE BUS REPLACEMENT BUSES CARB CARBON BUS CARBON DIOXIDE CARBON EMISSIONS CARBON FRACTION CARBON MASS CARBON MONOXIDE CARBON REDUCTIONS CARBON-DIOXIDE-EQUIVALENT CARCINOGENS CATALYSTS CATALYTIC CONVERTER CHRONIC BRONCHITIS CLASSES OF VEHICLES CLEAN AIR CLEAN FUEL CLEAN FUELS CLEAN TRANSPORTATION CLEANER FUELS CLIMATE CLIMATE CHANGE CLOUDS CO CO2 COLORS COMBUSTION COMBUSTION CHAMBER COMBUSTION SOURCES COMMERCIAL VEHICLES COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS CONCENTRATIONS CONGESTION CONGESTION CHARGING COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS CRYOSPHERE DESULFURIZATION DIESEL DIESEL BUS DIESEL BUSES DIESEL COMBUSTION DIESEL EMISSIONS DIESEL ENGINES DIESEL FUEL DIESEL PARTICULATE DIESEL PARTICULATE EMISSIONS DIESEL VEHICLES DRIVERS DRIVING EFFECTIVE EMISSIONS EMISSION EMISSION FACTOR EMISSION LEVELS EMISSION REDUCTIONS EMISSION STANDARD EMISSION STANDARDS EMISSIONS CONTROL EMISSIONS CONTROLS EMISSIONS CUTS EMISSIONS ESTIMATES EMISSIONS FROM TRANSPORTATION EMISSIONS LEVELS EMISSIONS LIMITS EMISSIONS PERFORMANCE EMISSIONS POLICY EMISSIONS REDUCTION EMISSIONS REDUCTION STRATEGY EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS EMISSIONS STANDARDS EMISSIVITY ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY EXHAUST CONCENTRATIONS EXHAUST EMISSIONS EXHAUST GASES FLEET EMISSIONS FLEETS FOOT TRAFFIC FOSSIL FUEL FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE FREIGHT FUEL FUEL CONSUMPTION FUEL COSTS FUEL ECONOMY FUEL EFFICIENCY FUEL EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT FUEL EFFICIENCY STANDARDS FUEL INJECTION FUEL PRICE FUEL QUALITY FUEL SULFUR FUEL SUPPLY FUEL SWITCHING FUEL TAX FUEL TAXATION FUEL TYPE GASES GASOLINE GASOLINE DIESEL GASOLINE VEHICLES GLACIERS GLOBAL WARMING GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL GWP HC HEAVY VEHICLE HEAVY VEHICLES HEAVY-DUTY VEHICLES HIGHWAY HIGHWAYS HYDROCARBONS IMPROVEMENTS IN VEHICLE EFFICIENCY INJECTION SYSTEM INSPECTION IPCC LIGHT-DUTY VEHICLES LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS LNG MASS EMISSIONS METALS METHANE MODE SHIFT MOTOR FUEL MOTOR VEHICLE MOTOR VEHICLE EMISSIONS MOTOR VEHICLES MUNICIPAL VEHICLES NATURAL GAS NATURAL GAS BUS NITRATES NITROGEN NITROGEN DIOXIDE NITROGEN OXIDE NITROUS OXIDE NO2 NOX ORGANIC MATERIAL OXIDATION CATALYST OXYGEN OXYGEN CONTENT OZONE OZONE PRODUCTION PARTICLES PARTICULATE PARTICULATE MATTER PASSENGER VEHICLES PETROLEUM GAS PM10 POLLUTANT EMISSIONS POLLUTION CONTROL POPULATION DENSITY PRECIPITATION PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION RADIATION RADIATIVE FORCING RAPID TRANSIT REDUCTIONS IN FUEL CONSUMPTION REFINERY RENEWABLE ENERGY RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS RETROFITTING ROAD ROAD IMPROVEMENTS ROAD VEHICLES ROADS ROUTES SAFETY SMOKE SO2 SOCIAL COST OF CARBON SOLAR RADIATION SULFATE SULFATE PARTICULATES SULFATES SULFUR SULFUR EMISSIONS SURFACE ALBEDO SURFACE TRANSPORTATION TAILPIPE EMISSION TAILPIPE EMISSIONS TAX TEMPERATURE TOTAL EMISSIONS TRAFFIC TRAFFIC EMISSIONS TRAFFIC FLOW TRAINS TRANSPORT TRANSPORT PROJECTS TRANSPORT SECTOR TRANSPORTATION ACTIVITY TRANSPORTATION DEMAND TRANSPORTATION DEMAND MANAGEMENT TRANSPORTATION PLANNING TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS TRAVEL DEMAND TRUCKS UNEP URBAN AREAS URBAN BUS URBAN BUSES VEHICLE VEHICLE CLASSES VEHICLE COSTS VEHICLE EMISSION VEHICLE EMISSIONS VEHICLE ENGINE VEHICLE EXCISE DUTY VEHICLE EXHAUST VEHICLE KILOMETERS VEHICLE MANUFACTURING VEHICLE OPERATION VEHICLE OWNERS VEHICLE POPULATION VEHICLE TYPES VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2014/04/19342185/reducing-black-carbon-emissions-diesel-vehicles-impacts-control-strategies-cost-benefit-analysis http://hdl.handle.net/10986/17785

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Summary:	A 2013 scientific assessment of black carbon emissions and impacts found that black carbon is second to carbon dioxide in terms of its climate forcing. High concentrations of black carbon in the atmosphere can change precipitation patterns and reduce the amount of radiation that reaches the Earth's surface, which affects local agriculture. Acute and chronic exposures to particulate matter are associated with a range of diseases, including chronic bronchitis and asthma, as well as premature deaths from cardiopulmonary disease, lung cancer, and acute lower respiratory infections. The transportation sector accounted for approximately 19 percent of global black carbon emissions in the year 2000. This report aims to inform efforts to control black carbon emissions from diesel-based transportation in developing countries. It presents a summary of emissions control approaches from developed countries, while recognizing that developing countries face a number of on-the-ground implementation challenges. This study applies a new cost-benefit analysis methodology to four simulated diesel black carbon emissions control projects - diesel retrofit in Istanbul, green freight (plus retrofit) in Sao Paulo, fuel and vehicle standards in Jakarta, and compressed natural gas (CNG) buses in Cebu taking into account the additional climate benefits of black carbon reductions. While this report focuses on quantifying just the health and climate benefits of transport interventions, it also serves to highlight the challenges that can be faced when undertaking more comprehensive evaluation of transport projects. A cost-benefit framework for economic analysis of diesel black carbon emissions control transport projects is also presented that factors in both climate and health benefits. Historically, technical interventions to control diesel black carbon emissions in developed countries have successfully relied on fuel quality improvements and vehicle emissions standards.

Reducing Black Carbon Emissions from Diesel Vehicles : Impacts, Control Strategies, and Cost-Benefit Analysis

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