Contract Teachers

In this paper authors use non-experimental data from government schools in Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh, two of the largest Indian states, to present average school outcomes by contract status of teachers. The authors find that after controllin...

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Main Authors:	Goyal, Sangeeta, Pandey, Priyanka
Format:	Working Paper
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2014
Subjects:	ATTENDANCE RATES BASIC EDUCATION BLACKBOARDS CIVIL SERVICE CIVIL SERVICE TEACHERS CLASS SIZE CLASSROOM COLLEGE DEGREE COMMUNITY TEACHERS CURRICULUM DISTRICT EDUCATION EDUCATION LEVELS EDUCATION QUALITY EDUCATION SECTOR EDUCATION SYSTEM EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES ELEMENTARY EDUCATION EMPLOYMENT ENROLLMENT EXAM FORMAL SCHOOLS FORMAL TRAINING GOVERNMENT PRIMARY SCHOOLS GRADE % TEACHERS GRADE TEACHING HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN SERVICE TRAINING INTERVENTIONS LEARNING LEARNING ACHIEVEMENTS LEARNING OUTCOMES LITERACY LITERACY RATE LITERATURE LOCAL TEACHERS MALE TEACHERS MATH SCORES MATH TEACHER MATH TEST MATHEMATICS OUT-OF-SCHOOL CHILDREN PAPERS PEDAGOGICAL TRAINING PERMANENT TENURE POST-SECONDARY EDUCATION PRESERVICE TRAINING PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY GRADES PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOLS PRIVATE SCHOOLS PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATIONS PROFESSIONAL TEACHERS PROFESSIONAL TRAINING PUBLIC EDUCATION PUBLIC SCHOOLS PUPIL-TEACHER RATIO QUALIFIED TEACHERS READING REGULAR TEACHER REGULAR TEACHERS RESEARCHERS SCHOOL % CONTRACT SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS SCHOOL CERTIFICATE SCHOOL CHILDREN SCHOOL ENROLMENTS SCHOOL FACILITIES SCHOOL INFRASTRUCTURE SCHOOL LEVEL SCHOOL SYSTEM SCHOOL YEAR SCHOOLS SECONDARY SCHOOL SERVICE TRAINING STUDENT CHARACTERISTICS STUDENT LEARNING STUDENT OUTCOMES STUDENT PERFORMANCE SUBJECT MATTER SUBJECT MATTER KNOWLEDGE SUBJECTS TEACHER TEACHER CHARACTERISTICS TEACHER PERFORMANCE TEACHER PUPIL RATIO TEACHER QUALITY TEACHER SALARIES TEACHER SHORTAGES TEACHER TRAINING TEACHER-PUPIL RATIO TEACHERS TEACHING TEACHING ACTIVITY TEACHING EXPERIENCE TEACHING FORCE TEST SCORES VILLAGE EDUCATION VILLAGE EDUCATION COMMITTEE WRITING SKILLS
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2009/11/11630646/contract-teachers http://hdl.handle.net/10986/17961

id	okr-10986-17961
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	okr-10986-179612021-04-23T14:03:35Z Contract Teachers Goyal, Sangeeta Pandey, Priyanka ATTENDANCE RATES BASIC EDUCATION BLACKBOARDS CIVIL SERVICE CIVIL SERVICE TEACHERS CLASS SIZE CLASSROOM COLLEGE DEGREE COMMUNITY TEACHERS CURRICULUM DISTRICT EDUCATION EDUCATION LEVELS EDUCATION QUALITY EDUCATION SECTOR EDUCATION SYSTEM EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES ELEMENTARY EDUCATION EMPLOYMENT ENROLLMENT EXAM FORMAL SCHOOLS FORMAL TRAINING GOVERNMENT PRIMARY SCHOOLS GRADE % TEACHERS GRADE TEACHING HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN SERVICE TRAINING INTERVENTIONS LEARNING LEARNING ACHIEVEMENTS LEARNING OUTCOMES LITERACY LITERACY RATE LITERATURE LOCAL TEACHERS MALE TEACHERS MATH SCORES MATH TEACHER MATH TEST MATHEMATICS OUT-OF-SCHOOL CHILDREN PAPERS PEDAGOGICAL TRAINING PERMANENT TENURE POST-SECONDARY EDUCATION PRESERVICE TRAINING PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY GRADES PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOLS PRIVATE SCHOOLS PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATIONS PROFESSIONAL TEACHERS PROFESSIONAL TRAINING PUBLIC EDUCATION PUBLIC SCHOOLS PUPIL-TEACHER RATIO QUALIFIED TEACHERS READING REGULAR TEACHER REGULAR TEACHERS RESEARCHERS SCHOOL % CONTRACT SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS SCHOOL CERTIFICATE SCHOOL CHILDREN SCHOOL ENROLMENTS SCHOOL FACILITIES SCHOOL INFRASTRUCTURE SCHOOL LEVEL SCHOOL SYSTEM SCHOOL YEAR SCHOOLS SECONDARY SCHOOL SERVICE TRAINING STUDENT CHARACTERISTICS STUDENT LEARNING STUDENT OUTCOMES STUDENT PERFORMANCE SUBJECT MATTER SUBJECT MATTER KNOWLEDGE SUBJECTS TEACHER TEACHER CHARACTERISTICS TEACHER PERFORMANCE TEACHER PUPIL RATIO TEACHER QUALITY TEACHER SALARIES TEACHER SHORTAGES TEACHER TRAINING TEACHER-PUPIL RATIO TEACHERS TEACHING TEACHING ACTIVITY TEACHING EXPERIENCE TEACHING FORCE TEST SCORES VILLAGE EDUCATION VILLAGE EDUCATION COMMITTEE WRITING SKILLS In this paper authors use non-experimental data from government schools in Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh, two of the largest Indian states, to present average school outcomes by contract status of teachers. The authors find that after controlling for teacher characteristics and school fixed effects, contract teachers are associated with higher effort than civil service teachers with permanent tenures. Higher teacher effort is associated with better student performance after controlling for other school inputs and student characteristics. Given that salaries earned by contract teachers are one fourth or less of civil service teachers, contract teachers may be a more cost-effective resource. However, contracts 'as they are' appear weak. Not only do contract teachers have fairly low average effort in absolute terms, but those who have been on the job for at least one full tenure have lower effort than others who are in the first contract period. 2014-04-22T18:23:38Z 2014-04-22T18:23:38Z 2009-11 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2009/11/11630646/contract-teachers http://hdl.handle.net/10986/17961 English en_US South Asia human development sector series;no. 28 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Working Paper Publications & Research South Asia India
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English en_US
topic	ATTENDANCE RATES BASIC EDUCATION BLACKBOARDS CIVIL SERVICE CIVIL SERVICE TEACHERS CLASS SIZE CLASSROOM COLLEGE DEGREE COMMUNITY TEACHERS CURRICULUM DISTRICT EDUCATION EDUCATION LEVELS EDUCATION QUALITY EDUCATION SECTOR EDUCATION SYSTEM EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES ELEMENTARY EDUCATION EMPLOYMENT ENROLLMENT EXAM FORMAL SCHOOLS FORMAL TRAINING GOVERNMENT PRIMARY SCHOOLS GRADE % TEACHERS GRADE TEACHING HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN SERVICE TRAINING INTERVENTIONS LEARNING LEARNING ACHIEVEMENTS LEARNING OUTCOMES LITERACY LITERACY RATE LITERATURE LOCAL TEACHERS MALE TEACHERS MATH SCORES MATH TEACHER MATH TEST MATHEMATICS OUT-OF-SCHOOL CHILDREN PAPERS PEDAGOGICAL TRAINING PERMANENT TENURE POST-SECONDARY EDUCATION PRESERVICE TRAINING PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY GRADES PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOLS PRIVATE SCHOOLS PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATIONS PROFESSIONAL TEACHERS PROFESSIONAL TRAINING PUBLIC EDUCATION PUBLIC SCHOOLS PUPIL-TEACHER RATIO QUALIFIED TEACHERS READING REGULAR TEACHER REGULAR TEACHERS RESEARCHERS SCHOOL % CONTRACT SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS SCHOOL CERTIFICATE SCHOOL CHILDREN SCHOOL ENROLMENTS SCHOOL FACILITIES SCHOOL INFRASTRUCTURE SCHOOL LEVEL SCHOOL SYSTEM SCHOOL YEAR SCHOOLS SECONDARY SCHOOL SERVICE TRAINING STUDENT CHARACTERISTICS STUDENT LEARNING STUDENT OUTCOMES STUDENT PERFORMANCE SUBJECT MATTER SUBJECT MATTER KNOWLEDGE SUBJECTS TEACHER TEACHER CHARACTERISTICS TEACHER PERFORMANCE TEACHER PUPIL RATIO TEACHER QUALITY TEACHER SALARIES TEACHER SHORTAGES TEACHER TRAINING TEACHER-PUPIL RATIO TEACHERS TEACHING TEACHING ACTIVITY TEACHING EXPERIENCE TEACHING FORCE TEST SCORES VILLAGE EDUCATION VILLAGE EDUCATION COMMITTEE WRITING SKILLS
spellingShingle	ATTENDANCE RATES BASIC EDUCATION BLACKBOARDS CIVIL SERVICE CIVIL SERVICE TEACHERS CLASS SIZE CLASSROOM COLLEGE DEGREE COMMUNITY TEACHERS CURRICULUM DISTRICT EDUCATION EDUCATION LEVELS EDUCATION QUALITY EDUCATION SECTOR EDUCATION SYSTEM EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES ELEMENTARY EDUCATION EMPLOYMENT ENROLLMENT EXAM FORMAL SCHOOLS FORMAL TRAINING GOVERNMENT PRIMARY SCHOOLS GRADE % TEACHERS GRADE TEACHING HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IN SERVICE TRAINING INTERVENTIONS LEARNING LEARNING ACHIEVEMENTS LEARNING OUTCOMES LITERACY LITERACY RATE LITERATURE LOCAL TEACHERS MALE TEACHERS MATH SCORES MATH TEACHER MATH TEST MATHEMATICS OUT-OF-SCHOOL CHILDREN PAPERS PEDAGOGICAL TRAINING PERMANENT TENURE POST-SECONDARY EDUCATION PRESERVICE TRAINING PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY GRADES PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOLS PRIVATE SCHOOLS PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATIONS PROFESSIONAL TEACHERS PROFESSIONAL TRAINING PUBLIC EDUCATION PUBLIC SCHOOLS PUPIL-TEACHER RATIO QUALIFIED TEACHERS READING REGULAR TEACHER REGULAR TEACHERS RESEARCHERS SCHOOL % CONTRACT SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS SCHOOL CERTIFICATE SCHOOL CHILDREN SCHOOL ENROLMENTS SCHOOL FACILITIES SCHOOL INFRASTRUCTURE SCHOOL LEVEL SCHOOL SYSTEM SCHOOL YEAR SCHOOLS SECONDARY SCHOOL SERVICE TRAINING STUDENT CHARACTERISTICS STUDENT LEARNING STUDENT OUTCOMES STUDENT PERFORMANCE SUBJECT MATTER SUBJECT MATTER KNOWLEDGE SUBJECTS TEACHER TEACHER CHARACTERISTICS TEACHER PERFORMANCE TEACHER PUPIL RATIO TEACHER QUALITY TEACHER SALARIES TEACHER SHORTAGES TEACHER TRAINING TEACHER-PUPIL RATIO TEACHERS TEACHING TEACHING ACTIVITY TEACHING EXPERIENCE TEACHING FORCE TEST SCORES VILLAGE EDUCATION VILLAGE EDUCATION COMMITTEE WRITING SKILLS Goyal, Sangeeta Pandey, Priyanka Contract Teachers
geographic_facet	South Asia India
relation	South Asia human development sector series;no. 28
description	In this paper authors use non-experimental data from government schools in Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh, two of the largest Indian states, to present average school outcomes by contract status of teachers. The authors find that after controlling for teacher characteristics and school fixed effects, contract teachers are associated with higher effort than civil service teachers with permanent tenures. Higher teacher effort is associated with better student performance after controlling for other school inputs and student characteristics. Given that salaries earned by contract teachers are one fourth or less of civil service teachers, contract teachers may be a more cost-effective resource. However, contracts 'as they are' appear weak. Not only do contract teachers have fairly low average effort in absolute terms, but those who have been on the job for at least one full tenure have lower effort than others who are in the first contract period.
format	Publications & Research :: Working Paper
author	Goyal, Sangeeta Pandey, Priyanka
author_facet	Goyal, Sangeeta Pandey, Priyanka
author_sort	Goyal, Sangeeta
title	Contract Teachers
title_short	Contract Teachers
title_full	Contract Teachers
title_fullStr	Contract Teachers
title_full_unstemmed	Contract Teachers
title_sort	contract teachers
publisher	World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate	2014
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2009/11/11630646/contract-teachers http://hdl.handle.net/10986/17961
_version_	1764436043080138752

Contract Teachers

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