Impact of Improved Stoves on Indoor Air Quality in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, is the coldest capital city in the world, with average winter low temperatures of -20° Celsius. Many families there live in gers, traditional Mongolian dwellings consisting of a wooden frame beneath several layers of wool fel...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | ESMAP Paper |
| Language: | English en_US |
| Published: |
World Bank, Washington, DC
2014
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2005/11/6743802/impact-improved-stoves-indoor-air-quality-ulaanbaatar-mongolia http://hdl.handle.net/10986/18005 |
| Summary: | Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, is the coldest
capital city in the world, with average winter low
temperatures of -20° Celsius. Many families there live in
gers, traditional Mongolian dwellings consisting of a wooden
frame beneath several layers of wool felt. In the ger
districts of Ulaanbaatar, cooking and heating energy is
provided through indoor coal combustion in metal stoves with
chimneys, and in wintertime, such stoves may be in use both
day and night. Over the last several years, new stove
designs with improved fuel efficiencies have been introduced
into many homes. To test the impact of the improved stoves
on indoor air quality, 24-hour monitoring of particulate
matter (PM) and carbon monoxide (CO) was done in 65
Mongolian gers. The primary analyses focused on 58
households, 20 with original (or traditional-type) stoves,
18 with the improved stove type TT-03, and 20 with the
improved stove type G2-2000. In addition to indoor pollutant
concentrations, information on other relevant factors was
collected, which included home sizes, indoor and outdoor
temperatures, age of stove in use, amount of fuel used and
number of refuelings, position of monitors relative to
chimneys, and number of cigarettes smoked in the home.
Analysis of variance showed that these factors did not
differ significantly by stove type except that traditional
stoves tended to be older than improved stoves. Multivariate
regression methods were used to test for statistically
significantly different indoor PM and CO concentrations
between homes with different stove types while controlling
for selected characteristics. |
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