Impregnated Nets Cannot Fully Substitute for DDT : Field Effectiveness of Malaria Prevention in Solomon Islands
The incidence of malaria in Solomon Islands has been declining since 1992, but there is a large geographical variation between areas in the incidence level and the rate of decline. The authors used a mix of control interventions, including DDT resi...
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| Format: | Policy Research Working Paper |
| Language: | English en_US |
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World Bank, Washington, DC
2014
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2003/05/2360826/impregnated-nets-cannot-fully-substitute-ddt-field-effectiveness-malaria-prevention-solomon-islands http://hdl.handle.net/10986/18205 |
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okr-10986-182052021-04-23T14:03:41Z Impregnated Nets Cannot Fully Substitute for DDT : Field Effectiveness of Malaria Prevention in Solomon Islands Over, Mead Bakote'e, Bernard Velayudhan, Raman Wilikai, Peter Graves, Patricia M. ADULT MOSQUITO ADULT MOSQUITOES AIR ALTERNATIVE APPROACH ANOPHELINE MOSQUITOES CLINICAL MALARIA CLINICS COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION DOWNPOURS ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS EPIDEMIOLOGY FAMILIES HEALTH EDUCATION HEALTH INFORMATION HEALTH INTERVENTIONS HEALTH POLICY HOSPITALS HOUSE SPRAYING IMPREGNATED BEDNETS IMPREGNATED MOSQUITO NETS IMPREGNATED NETS INFECTIVE BITES INSECTICIDE TREATMENT INSECTICIDE-TREATED BEDNETS INSECTICIDE-TREATED MOSQUITO NETS INSECTICIDE-TREATED NETS INTERVENTION LARVAL BREEDING SITES LARVAL CONTROL LARVAL DEVELOPMENT MALARIA MALARIA CASES MALARIA CONTROL MALARIA CONTROL ACTIVITIES MALARIA CONTROL MEASURES MALARIA ERADICATION MALARIA ERADICATION POLICY MALARIA ERADICATION PROGRAM MALARIA INCIDENCE MALARIA MORBIDITY MALARIA PREVENTION MALARIA RESEARCH MALARIA SEASON MALARIA TRANSMISSION MALARIA TREATMENT MALARIA-ENDEMIC AREAS MIXED INFECTIONS MORBIDITY MORTALITY MORTALITY RATES OLD CHILDREN PARASITE PREVALENCE POPULATION GROWTH PROGRAMS PUBLIC HEALTH RADIO RAINFALL STAGNANT POOLS TOTAL POPULATION TRANSMISSION RATES TREATED NETS VECTOR POPULATIONS VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION MALARIA MOSQUITOES DDT EDUCATION PROGRAMS DATA GATHERING HEALTH INFORMATION CONTROL SYSTEMS ECONOMIC ANALYSIS INSECTICIDES WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION MALARIA The incidence of malaria in Solomon Islands has been declining since 1992, but there is a large geographical variation between areas in the incidence level and the rate of decline. The authors used a mix of control interventions, including DDT residual house spraying and insecticide-treated mosquito nets. Data on monthly incidence and control activities performed from January 1993 to August 1999 were gathered for 41 out of the 110 malaria zones in the country. Monthly reports on the number of fevers seen at outpatient health clinics in the same zones over the same period were also extracted from the clinical health information system. The authors used multivariate random effects regression, including calendar month as an instrumental variable, to investigate the relationship between the number of malaria or fever cases and the control measures applied by month and zone, while adjusting for rainfall and proximity to water. The results showed that DDT house spraying, insecticide treatment of nets, and education about malaria were all independently associated with reduction in incident cases of malaria or fever, while larviciding with temephos was not. This was true for confirmed malaria cases even when a variable representing the passage of time was included in the models. The results show how much each method used was contributing to malaria control in Solomon Islands and how it can be used to design the most cost-effective package of interventions. The evidence suggests that impregnated bednets cannot easily replace DDT spraying without substantial increase in incidence, but impregnated nets do permit a substantial reduction in the amount of DDT spraying. 2014-05-09T17:59:17Z 2014-05-09T17:59:17Z 2003-05 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2003/05/2360826/impregnated-nets-cannot-fully-substitute-ddt-field-effectiveness-malaria-prevention-solomon-islands http://hdl.handle.net/10986/18205 English en_US Policy Research Working Paper;No. 3044 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research East Asia and Pacific Solomon Islands |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
ADULT MOSQUITO ADULT MOSQUITOES AIR ALTERNATIVE APPROACH ANOPHELINE MOSQUITOES CLINICAL MALARIA CLINICS COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION DOWNPOURS ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS EPIDEMIOLOGY FAMILIES HEALTH EDUCATION HEALTH INFORMATION HEALTH INTERVENTIONS HEALTH POLICY HOSPITALS HOUSE SPRAYING IMPREGNATED BEDNETS IMPREGNATED MOSQUITO NETS IMPREGNATED NETS INFECTIVE BITES INSECTICIDE TREATMENT INSECTICIDE-TREATED BEDNETS INSECTICIDE-TREATED MOSQUITO NETS INSECTICIDE-TREATED NETS INTERVENTION LARVAL BREEDING SITES LARVAL CONTROL LARVAL DEVELOPMENT MALARIA MALARIA CASES MALARIA CONTROL MALARIA CONTROL ACTIVITIES MALARIA CONTROL MEASURES MALARIA ERADICATION MALARIA ERADICATION POLICY MALARIA ERADICATION PROGRAM MALARIA INCIDENCE MALARIA MORBIDITY MALARIA PREVENTION MALARIA RESEARCH MALARIA SEASON MALARIA TRANSMISSION MALARIA TREATMENT MALARIA-ENDEMIC AREAS MIXED INFECTIONS MORBIDITY MORTALITY MORTALITY RATES OLD CHILDREN PARASITE PREVALENCE POPULATION GROWTH PROGRAMS PUBLIC HEALTH RADIO RAINFALL STAGNANT POOLS TOTAL POPULATION TRANSMISSION RATES TREATED NETS VECTOR POPULATIONS VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION MALARIA MOSQUITOES DDT EDUCATION PROGRAMS DATA GATHERING HEALTH INFORMATION CONTROL SYSTEMS ECONOMIC ANALYSIS INSECTICIDES WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION MALARIA |
| spellingShingle |
ADULT MOSQUITO ADULT MOSQUITOES AIR ALTERNATIVE APPROACH ANOPHELINE MOSQUITOES CLINICAL MALARIA CLINICS COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION DOWNPOURS ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS EPIDEMIOLOGY FAMILIES HEALTH EDUCATION HEALTH INFORMATION HEALTH INTERVENTIONS HEALTH POLICY HOSPITALS HOUSE SPRAYING IMPREGNATED BEDNETS IMPREGNATED MOSQUITO NETS IMPREGNATED NETS INFECTIVE BITES INSECTICIDE TREATMENT INSECTICIDE-TREATED BEDNETS INSECTICIDE-TREATED MOSQUITO NETS INSECTICIDE-TREATED NETS INTERVENTION LARVAL BREEDING SITES LARVAL CONTROL LARVAL DEVELOPMENT MALARIA MALARIA CASES MALARIA CONTROL MALARIA CONTROL ACTIVITIES MALARIA CONTROL MEASURES MALARIA ERADICATION MALARIA ERADICATION POLICY MALARIA ERADICATION PROGRAM MALARIA INCIDENCE MALARIA MORBIDITY MALARIA PREVENTION MALARIA RESEARCH MALARIA SEASON MALARIA TRANSMISSION MALARIA TREATMENT MALARIA-ENDEMIC AREAS MIXED INFECTIONS MORBIDITY MORTALITY MORTALITY RATES OLD CHILDREN PARASITE PREVALENCE POPULATION GROWTH PROGRAMS PUBLIC HEALTH RADIO RAINFALL STAGNANT POOLS TOTAL POPULATION TRANSMISSION RATES TREATED NETS VECTOR POPULATIONS VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION MALARIA MOSQUITOES DDT EDUCATION PROGRAMS DATA GATHERING HEALTH INFORMATION CONTROL SYSTEMS ECONOMIC ANALYSIS INSECTICIDES WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION MALARIA Over, Mead Bakote'e, Bernard Velayudhan, Raman Wilikai, Peter Graves, Patricia M. Impregnated Nets Cannot Fully Substitute for DDT : Field Effectiveness of Malaria Prevention in Solomon Islands |
| geographic_facet |
East Asia and Pacific Solomon Islands |
| relation |
Policy Research Working Paper;No. 3044 |
| description |
The incidence of malaria in Solomon
Islands has been declining since 1992, but there is a large
geographical variation between areas in the incidence level
and the rate of decline. The authors used a mix of control
interventions, including DDT residual house spraying and
insecticide-treated mosquito nets. Data on monthly incidence
and control activities performed from January 1993 to August
1999 were gathered for 41 out of the 110 malaria zones in
the country. Monthly reports on the number of fevers seen at
outpatient health clinics in the same zones over the same
period were also extracted from the clinical health
information system. The authors used multivariate random
effects regression, including calendar month as an
instrumental variable, to investigate the relationship
between the number of malaria or fever cases and the control
measures applied by month and zone, while adjusting for
rainfall and proximity to water. The results showed that DDT
house spraying, insecticide treatment of nets, and education
about malaria were all independently associated with
reduction in incident cases of malaria or fever, while
larviciding with temephos was not. This was true for
confirmed malaria cases even when a variable representing
the passage of time was included in the models. The results
show how much each method used was contributing to malaria
control in Solomon Islands and how it can be used to design
the most cost-effective package of interventions. The
evidence suggests that impregnated bednets cannot easily
replace DDT spraying without substantial increase in
incidence, but impregnated nets do permit a substantial
reduction in the amount of DDT spraying. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper |
| author |
Over, Mead Bakote'e, Bernard Velayudhan, Raman Wilikai, Peter Graves, Patricia M. |
| author_facet |
Over, Mead Bakote'e, Bernard Velayudhan, Raman Wilikai, Peter Graves, Patricia M. |
| author_sort |
Over, Mead |
| title |
Impregnated Nets Cannot Fully Substitute for DDT : Field Effectiveness of Malaria Prevention in Solomon Islands |
| title_short |
Impregnated Nets Cannot Fully Substitute for DDT : Field Effectiveness of Malaria Prevention in Solomon Islands |
| title_full |
Impregnated Nets Cannot Fully Substitute for DDT : Field Effectiveness of Malaria Prevention in Solomon Islands |
| title_fullStr |
Impregnated Nets Cannot Fully Substitute for DDT : Field Effectiveness of Malaria Prevention in Solomon Islands |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Impregnated Nets Cannot Fully Substitute for DDT : Field Effectiveness of Malaria Prevention in Solomon Islands |
| title_sort |
impregnated nets cannot fully substitute for ddt : field effectiveness of malaria prevention in solomon islands |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2014 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2003/05/2360826/impregnated-nets-cannot-fully-substitute-ddt-field-effectiveness-malaria-prevention-solomon-islands http://hdl.handle.net/10986/18205 |
| _version_ |
1764439127371022336 |