R&D and Development

Lederman and Maloney trace the evolution of research and development (R&D) expenditures along the development process using a new global panel data set. They show that R&D effort measured as a share of GDP rises with development at an incre...

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Main Authors:	Lederman, Daniel, Maloney, William F.
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2014
Subjects:	RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT EXPENDITURE ANALYSIS EXPORTS INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS GOVERNMENT DECISION-MAKING RESEARCH ORGANIZATIONS FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT BASIC RESEARCH INNOVATIONS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES RATES OF RETURN PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH ACCELERATOR AGRICULTURE BASIC SCIENCE BENCHMARKING CAPITAL MARKETS COMPETITIVENESS CPI CROWDING OUT ECONOMETRICS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC RISK EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ELASTICITIES ELASTICITY EMPLOYMENT ENDOGENOUS VARIABLES EQUILIBRIUM ESTIMATORS EXPECTED RETURNS EXPLOITATION EXPLORATION FISHING FOREIGN R&D FUTURE RESEARCH GDP GDP PER CAPITA GROWTH MODELS INCOME LEVELS INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY INTEREST RATES LABOR FORCE LABOR PRODUCTIVITY LEVEL OF INCOME LEVELS OF INCOME MARGINAL PRODUCT MARKET POWER NATIONAL INNOVATIVE CAPACITY NATURAL RESOURCES NET EXPORTS OIL OPPORTUNITY COST OPPORTUNITY COSTS PATENT PROTECTION PER CAPITA INCOME POSITIVE EFFECTS PRIVATE R&D PRIVATE SECTOR PRODUCTION FUNCTION PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH PROPERTY RIGHTS PROTECTION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS PUBLIC R&D PUBLIC RESEARCH R&D R&D EFFICIENCY R&D EXPENDITURES R&D PROJECTS R&D SPENDING RANDOM WALK REAL INTEREST RATE REGRESSION ANALYSIS RESEARCH CAPACITY RESEARCH CENTERS RESEARCH EXPENDITURES RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPERS RETAINED EARNINGS SAVINGS SOIL RESEARCH STATISTICAL DATA SUCCESSFUL COUNTRIES SURVEY DATA TECHNIQUES TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE TECHNOLOGICAL FRONTIER TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS TECHNOLOGY INDICATORS TERTIARY EDUCATION TIME SERIES TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY VALIDITY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2003/04/2323014/research-development-rd-development http://hdl.handle.net/10986/18254

id	okr-10986-18254
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	okr-10986-182542021-04-23T14:03:42Z R&D and Development Lederman, Daniel Maloney, William F. RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT EXPENDITURE ANALYSIS EXPORTS INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS GOVERNMENT DECISION-MAKING RESEARCH ORGANIZATIONS FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT BASIC RESEARCH INNOVATIONS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES RATES OF RETURN PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH ACCELERATOR AGRICULTURE BASIC RESEARCH BASIC SCIENCE BENCHMARKING CAPITAL MARKETS COMPETITIVENESS CPI CROWDING OUT ECONOMETRICS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC RISK EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ELASTICITIES ELASTICITY EMPLOYMENT ENDOGENOUS VARIABLES EQUILIBRIUM ESTIMATORS EXPECTED RETURNS EXPLOITATION EXPLORATION FISHING FOREIGN R&D FUTURE RESEARCH GDP GDP PER CAPITA GROWTH MODELS INCOME LEVELS INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS INTEREST RATES LABOR FORCE LABOR PRODUCTIVITY LEVEL OF INCOME LEVELS OF INCOME MARGINAL PRODUCT MARKET POWER NATIONAL INNOVATIVE CAPACITY NATURAL RESOURCES NET EXPORTS OIL OPPORTUNITY COST OPPORTUNITY COSTS PATENT PROTECTION PER CAPITA INCOME POSITIVE EFFECTS PRIVATE R&D PRIVATE SECTOR PRODUCTION FUNCTION PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH PROPERTY RIGHTS PROTECTION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS PUBLIC R&D PUBLIC RESEARCH R&D R&D EFFICIENCY R&D EXPENDITURES R&D PROJECTS R&D SPENDING RANDOM WALK RATES OF RETURN REAL INTEREST RATE REGRESSION ANALYSIS RESEARCH CAPACITY RESEARCH CENTERS RESEARCH EXPENDITURES RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPERS RETAINED EARNINGS SAVINGS SOIL RESEARCH STATISTICAL DATA SUCCESSFUL COUNTRIES SURVEY DATA TECHNIQUES TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE TECHNOLOGICAL FRONTIER TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS TECHNOLOGY INDICATORS TERTIARY EDUCATION TIME SERIES TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY VALIDITY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT Lederman and Maloney trace the evolution of research and development (R&D) expenditures along the development process using a new global panel data set. They show that R&D effort measured as a share of GDP rises with development at an increasing rate. The authors examine how four groups of countries from Latin America, Asia, advanced manufacturing exporters, and advanced natural resource-abundant countries fare relative to the predicted development trajectory. Latin America generally underperforms as do some countries in Asia and Europe, but their striking finding is that some-Finland, Israel, the Republic of Korea, and Taiwan (China)-have radically deviated from the predicted trajectory and displayed impressive R&D takeoffs. The authors ask whether these countries overinvest in R&D but find that the high estimates of the social rates of return probably justify this effort. Moreover, the returns to R&D decline with per capita GDP. The authors attempt to explain why rich countries invest more in R&D than poor countries. They conclude that financial depth, protection of intellectual property rights, government capacity to mobilize resources, and the quality of research institutions are the main reasons why R&D efforts rise with the level of development. 2014-05-12T18:12:10Z 2014-05-12T18:12:10Z 2003-04 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2003/04/2323014/research-development-rd-development http://hdl.handle.net/10986/18254 English en_US Policy Research Working Paper;No. 3024 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English en_US
topic	RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT EXPENDITURE ANALYSIS EXPORTS INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS GOVERNMENT DECISION-MAKING RESEARCH ORGANIZATIONS FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT BASIC RESEARCH INNOVATIONS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES RATES OF RETURN PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH ACCELERATOR AGRICULTURE BASIC RESEARCH BASIC SCIENCE BENCHMARKING CAPITAL MARKETS COMPETITIVENESS CPI CROWDING OUT ECONOMETRICS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC RISK EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ELASTICITIES ELASTICITY EMPLOYMENT ENDOGENOUS VARIABLES EQUILIBRIUM ESTIMATORS EXPECTED RETURNS EXPLOITATION EXPLORATION FISHING FOREIGN R&D FUTURE RESEARCH GDP GDP PER CAPITA GROWTH MODELS INCOME LEVELS INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS INTEREST RATES LABOR FORCE LABOR PRODUCTIVITY LEVEL OF INCOME LEVELS OF INCOME MARGINAL PRODUCT MARKET POWER NATIONAL INNOVATIVE CAPACITY NATURAL RESOURCES NET EXPORTS OIL OPPORTUNITY COST OPPORTUNITY COSTS PATENT PROTECTION PER CAPITA INCOME POSITIVE EFFECTS PRIVATE R&D PRIVATE SECTOR PRODUCTION FUNCTION PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH PROPERTY RIGHTS PROTECTION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS PUBLIC R&D PUBLIC RESEARCH R&D R&D EFFICIENCY R&D EXPENDITURES R&D PROJECTS R&D SPENDING RANDOM WALK RATES OF RETURN REAL INTEREST RATE REGRESSION ANALYSIS RESEARCH CAPACITY RESEARCH CENTERS RESEARCH EXPENDITURES RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPERS RETAINED EARNINGS SAVINGS SOIL RESEARCH STATISTICAL DATA SUCCESSFUL COUNTRIES SURVEY DATA TECHNIQUES TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE TECHNOLOGICAL FRONTIER TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS TECHNOLOGY INDICATORS TERTIARY EDUCATION TIME SERIES TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY VALIDITY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
spellingShingle	RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT EXPENDITURE ANALYSIS EXPORTS INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS GOVERNMENT DECISION-MAKING RESEARCH ORGANIZATIONS FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT BASIC RESEARCH INNOVATIONS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES RATES OF RETURN PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH ACCELERATOR AGRICULTURE BASIC RESEARCH BASIC SCIENCE BENCHMARKING CAPITAL MARKETS COMPETITIVENESS CPI CROWDING OUT ECONOMETRICS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC RISK EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ELASTICITIES ELASTICITY EMPLOYMENT ENDOGENOUS VARIABLES EQUILIBRIUM ESTIMATORS EXPECTED RETURNS EXPLOITATION EXPLORATION FISHING FOREIGN R&D FUTURE RESEARCH GDP GDP PER CAPITA GROWTH MODELS INCOME LEVELS INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS INTEREST RATES LABOR FORCE LABOR PRODUCTIVITY LEVEL OF INCOME LEVELS OF INCOME MARGINAL PRODUCT MARKET POWER NATIONAL INNOVATIVE CAPACITY NATURAL RESOURCES NET EXPORTS OIL OPPORTUNITY COST OPPORTUNITY COSTS PATENT PROTECTION PER CAPITA INCOME POSITIVE EFFECTS PRIVATE R&D PRIVATE SECTOR PRODUCTION FUNCTION PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH PROPERTY RIGHTS PROTECTION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS PUBLIC R&D PUBLIC RESEARCH R&D R&D EFFICIENCY R&D EXPENDITURES R&D PROJECTS R&D SPENDING RANDOM WALK RATES OF RETURN REAL INTEREST RATE REGRESSION ANALYSIS RESEARCH CAPACITY RESEARCH CENTERS RESEARCH EXPENDITURES RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPERS RETAINED EARNINGS SAVINGS SOIL RESEARCH STATISTICAL DATA SUCCESSFUL COUNTRIES SURVEY DATA TECHNIQUES TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE TECHNOLOGICAL FRONTIER TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS TECHNOLOGY INDICATORS TERTIARY EDUCATION TIME SERIES TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY VALIDITY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT Lederman, Daniel Maloney, William F. R&D and Development
relation	Policy Research Working Paper;No. 3024
description	Lederman and Maloney trace the evolution of research and development (R&D) expenditures along the development process using a new global panel data set. They show that R&D effort measured as a share of GDP rises with development at an increasing rate. The authors examine how four groups of countries from Latin America, Asia, advanced manufacturing exporters, and advanced natural resource-abundant countries fare relative to the predicted development trajectory. Latin America generally underperforms as do some countries in Asia and Europe, but their striking finding is that some-Finland, Israel, the Republic of Korea, and Taiwan (China)-have radically deviated from the predicted trajectory and displayed impressive R&D takeoffs. The authors ask whether these countries overinvest in R&D but find that the high estimates of the social rates of return probably justify this effort. Moreover, the returns to R&D decline with per capita GDP. The authors attempt to explain why rich countries invest more in R&D than poor countries. They conclude that financial depth, protection of intellectual property rights, government capacity to mobilize resources, and the quality of research institutions are the main reasons why R&D efforts rise with the level of development.
format	Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
author	Lederman, Daniel Maloney, William F.
author_facet	Lederman, Daniel Maloney, William F.
author_sort	Lederman, Daniel
title	R&D and Development
title_short	R&D and Development
title_full	R&D and Development
title_fullStr	R&D and Development
title_full_unstemmed	R&D and Development
title_sort	r&d and development
publisher	World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate	2014
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2003/04/2323014/research-development-rd-development http://hdl.handle.net/10986/18254
_version_	1764439480020762624

R&D and Development

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