The Impact of Urban Spatial Structure on Travel Demand in the United States

The authors combine measures of urban form and public transit supply for 114 urbanized areas with the 1990 Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey to address two questions: (1) How do measures of urban form, including city shape, road density, th...

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Main Authors:	Bento, Antonio M., Cropper, Maureen L., Mobarak, Ahmed Mushfiq, Vinha, Katja
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2014
Subjects:	SPATIAL ANALYSIS (STATISTICS) TRAVEL RESEARCH POPULATION DISTRIBUTION HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS PUBLIC TRANSPORT COMMUTERS COMMUTING RAIL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS URBAN RESEARCH LAND USE POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS AUTOMOBILE OWNERSHIP ECONOMETRIC MODELS AIR POLLUTION AREA AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE AUTOMOBILE USE BICYCLING BUDGET CONSTRAINTS BUS BUSES CAR OWNERSHIP CARS CENSUS DATA CENSUS TRACT CITIES DECENTRALIZATION DRIVING DRIVING BEHAVIOR ECONOMIC CENSUSES ECONOMICS LITERATURE ELASTICITY EQUATIONS EXTERNALITIES FIXED COSTS FUEL GENDER GINI COEFFICIENT GRADIENTS HOMES HOUSEHOLDS HOUSING INCOME INTEGER LORENZ CURVE MARGINAL COST MEASURES METROPOLITAN AREA OCCUPATIONS PASSENGER PASSENGER VEHICLES PRIVATE TRANSPORT PUBLIC TRANSIT RESIDENCES RING ROADS ROAD DENSITY ROAD NETWORKS ROADS RURAL AREAS SNOW TRANSPORT TRANSPORT MEASURES TRANSPORTATION TRAVEL COSTS TRIPS URBAN AREAS URBAN DEVELOPMENT UTILITY FUNCTION VEHICLE MILES VEHICLE OWNERSHIP VEHICLES WALKING ECONOMETRIC MODELS AIR POLLUTION
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2003/03/2191894/impact-urban-spatial-structure-travel-demand-united-states http://hdl.handle.net/10986/18279

id	okr-10986-18279
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	okr-10986-182792021-04-23T14:03:42Z The Impact of Urban Spatial Structure on Travel Demand in the United States Bento, Antonio M. Cropper, Maureen L. Mobarak, Ahmed Mushfiq Vinha, Katja SPATIAL ANALYSIS (STATISTICS) TRAVEL RESEARCH POPULATION DISTRIBUTION HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS PUBLIC TRANSPORT COMMUTERS COMMUTING RAIL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS URBAN RESEARCH LAND USE POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS AUTOMOBILE OWNERSHIP ECONOMETRIC MODELS AIR POLLUTION AREA AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE AUTOMOBILE OWNERSHIP AUTOMOBILE USE BICYCLING BUDGET CONSTRAINTS BUS BUSES CAR OWNERSHIP CARS CENSUS DATA CENSUS TRACT CITIES COMMUTERS COMMUTING DECENTRALIZATION DRIVING DRIVING BEHAVIOR ECONOMIC CENSUSES ECONOMICS LITERATURE ELASTICITY EQUATIONS EXTERNALITIES FIXED COSTS FUEL GENDER GINI COEFFICIENT GRADIENTS HOMES HOUSEHOLDS HOUSING INCOME INCOME INTEGER LAND USE LORENZ CURVE MARGINAL COST MEASURES METROPOLITAN AREA OCCUPATIONS PASSENGER PASSENGER VEHICLES POPULATION DISTRIBUTION PRIVATE TRANSPORT PUBLIC TRANSIT PUBLIC TRANSPORT RESIDENCES RING ROADS ROAD DENSITY ROAD NETWORKS ROADS RURAL AREAS SNOW TRANSPORT TRANSPORT MEASURES TRANSPORTATION TRAVEL COSTS TRIPS URBAN AREAS URBAN DEVELOPMENT UTILITY FUNCTION VEHICLE MILES VEHICLE OWNERSHIP VEHICLES WALKING ECONOMETRIC MODELS AIR POLLUTION The authors combine measures of urban form and public transit supply for 114 urbanized areas with the 1990 Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey to address two questions: (1) How do measures of urban form, including city shape, road density, the spatial distribution of population, and jobs-housing balance affect the annual miles driven and commute mode choices of U.S. households? (2) How does the supply of public transportation (annual route miles supplied and availability of transit stops) affect miles driven and commute mode choice? The authors find that jobs-housing balance, population centrality, and rail miles supplied significantly reduce the probability of driving to work in cities with some rail transit. Population centrality and jobs-housing balance have a significant impact on annual household vehicle miles traveled (VMT), as do city shape, road density, and (in rail cities) annual rail route miles supplied. The elasticity of VMT with respect to each variable is small, on the order of 0.10-0.20 in absolute value. However, changing several measures of form simultaneously can reduce annual VMT significantly. Moving the sample households from a city with the characteristics of Atlanta to a city with the characteristics of Boston reduces annual VMT by 25 percent. 2014-05-12T22:11:30Z 2014-05-12T22:11:30Z 2003-03 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2003/03/2191894/impact-urban-spatial-structure-travel-demand-united-states http://hdl.handle.net/10986/18279 English en_US Policy Research Working Paper;No. 3007 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research UNITED STATES
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English en_US
topic	SPATIAL ANALYSIS (STATISTICS) TRAVEL RESEARCH POPULATION DISTRIBUTION HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS PUBLIC TRANSPORT COMMUTERS COMMUTING RAIL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS URBAN RESEARCH LAND USE POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS AUTOMOBILE OWNERSHIP ECONOMETRIC MODELS AIR POLLUTION AREA AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE AUTOMOBILE OWNERSHIP AUTOMOBILE USE BICYCLING BUDGET CONSTRAINTS BUS BUSES CAR OWNERSHIP CARS CENSUS DATA CENSUS TRACT CITIES COMMUTERS COMMUTING DECENTRALIZATION DRIVING DRIVING BEHAVIOR ECONOMIC CENSUSES ECONOMICS LITERATURE ELASTICITY EQUATIONS EXTERNALITIES FIXED COSTS FUEL GENDER GINI COEFFICIENT GRADIENTS HOMES HOUSEHOLDS HOUSING INCOME INCOME INTEGER LAND USE LORENZ CURVE MARGINAL COST MEASURES METROPOLITAN AREA OCCUPATIONS PASSENGER PASSENGER VEHICLES POPULATION DISTRIBUTION PRIVATE TRANSPORT PUBLIC TRANSIT PUBLIC TRANSPORT RESIDENCES RING ROADS ROAD DENSITY ROAD NETWORKS ROADS RURAL AREAS SNOW TRANSPORT TRANSPORT MEASURES TRANSPORTATION TRAVEL COSTS TRIPS URBAN AREAS URBAN DEVELOPMENT UTILITY FUNCTION VEHICLE MILES VEHICLE OWNERSHIP VEHICLES WALKING ECONOMETRIC MODELS AIR POLLUTION
spellingShingle	SPATIAL ANALYSIS (STATISTICS) TRAVEL RESEARCH POPULATION DISTRIBUTION HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS PUBLIC TRANSPORT COMMUTERS COMMUTING RAIL TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS URBAN RESEARCH LAND USE POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS AUTOMOBILE OWNERSHIP ECONOMETRIC MODELS AIR POLLUTION AREA AUTOMOBILE INSURANCE AUTOMOBILE OWNERSHIP AUTOMOBILE USE BICYCLING BUDGET CONSTRAINTS BUS BUSES CAR OWNERSHIP CARS CENSUS DATA CENSUS TRACT CITIES COMMUTERS COMMUTING DECENTRALIZATION DRIVING DRIVING BEHAVIOR ECONOMIC CENSUSES ECONOMICS LITERATURE ELASTICITY EQUATIONS EXTERNALITIES FIXED COSTS FUEL GENDER GINI COEFFICIENT GRADIENTS HOMES HOUSEHOLDS HOUSING INCOME INCOME INTEGER LAND USE LORENZ CURVE MARGINAL COST MEASURES METROPOLITAN AREA OCCUPATIONS PASSENGER PASSENGER VEHICLES POPULATION DISTRIBUTION PRIVATE TRANSPORT PUBLIC TRANSIT PUBLIC TRANSPORT RESIDENCES RING ROADS ROAD DENSITY ROAD NETWORKS ROADS RURAL AREAS SNOW TRANSPORT TRANSPORT MEASURES TRANSPORTATION TRAVEL COSTS TRIPS URBAN AREAS URBAN DEVELOPMENT UTILITY FUNCTION VEHICLE MILES VEHICLE OWNERSHIP VEHICLES WALKING ECONOMETRIC MODELS AIR POLLUTION Bento, Antonio M. Cropper, Maureen L. Mobarak, Ahmed Mushfiq Vinha, Katja The Impact of Urban Spatial Structure on Travel Demand in the United States
geographic_facet	UNITED STATES
relation	Policy Research Working Paper;No. 3007
description	The authors combine measures of urban form and public transit supply for 114 urbanized areas with the 1990 Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey to address two questions: (1) How do measures of urban form, including city shape, road density, the spatial distribution of population, and jobs-housing balance affect the annual miles driven and commute mode choices of U.S. households? (2) How does the supply of public transportation (annual route miles supplied and availability of transit stops) affect miles driven and commute mode choice? The authors find that jobs-housing balance, population centrality, and rail miles supplied significantly reduce the probability of driving to work in cities with some rail transit. Population centrality and jobs-housing balance have a significant impact on annual household vehicle miles traveled (VMT), as do city shape, road density, and (in rail cities) annual rail route miles supplied. The elasticity of VMT with respect to each variable is small, on the order of 0.10-0.20 in absolute value. However, changing several measures of form simultaneously can reduce annual VMT significantly. Moving the sample households from a city with the characteristics of Atlanta to a city with the characteristics of Boston reduces annual VMT by 25 percent.
format	Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
author	Bento, Antonio M. Cropper, Maureen L. Mobarak, Ahmed Mushfiq Vinha, Katja
author_facet	Bento, Antonio M. Cropper, Maureen L. Mobarak, Ahmed Mushfiq Vinha, Katja
author_sort	Bento, Antonio M.
title	The Impact of Urban Spatial Structure on Travel Demand in the United States
title_short	The Impact of Urban Spatial Structure on Travel Demand in the United States
title_full	The Impact of Urban Spatial Structure on Travel Demand in the United States
title_fullStr	The Impact of Urban Spatial Structure on Travel Demand in the United States
title_full_unstemmed	The Impact of Urban Spatial Structure on Travel Demand in the United States
title_sort	impact of urban spatial structure on travel demand in the united states
publisher	World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate	2014
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2003/03/2191894/impact-urban-spatial-structure-travel-demand-united-states http://hdl.handle.net/10986/18279
_version_	1764439531859214336

The Impact of Urban Spatial Structure on Travel Demand in the United States

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