Mongolia : Heating Stove Market Trends in Poor, Peri-Urban Ger Areas of Ulaanbaatar and Selected Markets Outside Ulaanbaatar
Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia is the coldest capital of the world and remains one of its most polluted. Coal and wood burning for heating are essential for survival but contribute about 60 percent of the fine particulate (PM2.5) concentrations in the city....
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| Format: | Working Paper |
| Language: | English en_US |
| Published: |
Washington, DC
2014
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/02/19403129/mongolia-heating-stove-market-trends-poor-peri-urban-ger-areas-ulaanbaatar-selected-markets-outside-ulaanbaatar-stocktaking-report-mongolia-clean-stoves-initiative http://hdl.handle.net/10986/18700 |
| Summary: | Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia is the coldest
capital of the world and remains one of its most polluted.
Coal and wood burning for heating are essential for survival
but contribute about 60 percent of the fine particulate
(PM2.5) concentrations in the city. These levels of exposure
are very harmful to health and exceed World Health
Organization (WHO) standards many-fold. The heating
appliances causing the pollution are both traditional stoves
that have been used for generations and, increasingly, coal
fired stove furnaces used by wealthier households. The
overwhelming majority of households in the ger areas
(informal settlements surrounding the city), however, are
poor, and the population continues to grow as job prospects
in Ulaanbaatar attract more migrants. The World Bank
estimates that a reduction of 80 percent of emissions from
ger area heating could achieve a 48 percent reduction in
population weighted exposure to PM2.5. To achieve this, poor
households need to be convinced to permanently switch to
less polluting heating solutions, an effort that will
require a multi-year, coordinated set of policies and
programs. This study takes stock of recent developments and
provides market information on affordability, attitudes,
fuel consumption, and other market information for stoves
and fuels inside and outside Ulaanbaatar. It provides
insights for solutions to the important challenges that
remain to achieve a sustainable market transformation to
low-emission stoves. |
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