Algorithms for Purchasing AIDS Vaccines

The authors delineate two different algorithms for the purchase of AIDS vaccines, to show how differences in policy objectives can greatly affect projections of the number of courses of vaccine that will be needed. They consider a hypothetical vacc...

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Main Authors:	Bishai, David, Lin, Maria K., Kiyonga, C.W.B.
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2014
Subjects:	ADAPTATION ADULT MEN ADVERSE EFFECTS AGED AIDS CARE AIDS EPIDEMIC AIDS VACCINE AIDS VACCINE CHARACTERISTICS AIDS VACCINE RESEARCH AIDS VACCINES ALGORITHM ANTENATAL CARE AVERAGE AGE BEREAVEMENT BISEXUAL MEN CARE SEEKING CASE OF AIDS COMMERCIAL SEX COMMERCIAL SEX WORKERS DEMAND CURVES DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DRUGS ECONOMICS EMPIRICAL STUDIES EPIDEMIOLOGY FAMILIES FINANCIAL RESOURCES HARM REDUCTION HEALTH CARE HEALTH CARE COSTS HEALTH CARE FINANCING HEALTH SECTOR HEPATITIS B HIGH RISK GROUPS HIGH- RISK HIGH- RISK GROUPS HIGH-RISK HIGH-RISK POPULATIONS HIV HIV INFECTION HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TYPE HYGIENE ILL HEALTH IMMUNITY IMMUNIZATION IMMUNIZATION COVERAGE IMMUNODEFICIENCY INFANTS INFECTIONS INFLUENZA INJECTING DRUG USE INJECTION DRUG USERS INTERVENTION LABOR FORCE LIFESTYLES MARGINAL COST MARKETING MEDICAL CARE MEDICAL CARE COSTS MEDICAL COSTS MORBIDITY MORTALITY MOTHER-TO-CHILD MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION MOTHERS NEEDLE EXCHANGE NEEDS ASSESSMENT NUTRITION OLDER ADULTS PATIENTS PEDIATRICS PHYSICIANS POLICY MAKERS POLICY RESEARCH PREGNANT WOMAN PRESENT VALUE PRODUCTION COSTS PRODUCTIVITY PROPHYLAXIS PROSTITUTION PUBLIC HEALTH REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH RETIREMENT RETURNS TO SCALE RISK BEHAVIOR RISK BEHAVIOUR RISK FACTORS RISK OF AIDS RISK POPULATIONS SAFETY SAVINGS SCHOOLS SEX WITH MEN SEXUAL HEALTH UNAIDS USE OF CONDOMS VACCINATION VACCINATIONS VACCINE TRIALS VICTIMS VIRAL LOAD WORLD AIDS CONFERENCE
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2000/04/437234/algorithms-purchasing-aids-vaccines http://hdl.handle.net/10986/18838

id	okr-10986-18838
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	okr-10986-188382021-04-23T14:03:46Z Algorithms for Purchasing AIDS Vaccines Bishai, David Lin, Maria K. Kiyonga, C.W.B. ADAPTATION ADULT MEN ADVERSE EFFECTS AGED AIDS CARE AIDS EPIDEMIC AIDS VACCINE AIDS VACCINE CHARACTERISTICS AIDS VACCINE RESEARCH AIDS VACCINES ALGORITHM ANTENATAL CARE AVERAGE AGE BEREAVEMENT BISEXUAL MEN CARE SEEKING CASE OF AIDS COMMERCIAL SEX COMMERCIAL SEX WORKERS DEMAND CURVES DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DRUGS ECONOMICS EMPIRICAL STUDIES EPIDEMIOLOGY FAMILIES FINANCIAL RESOURCES HARM REDUCTION HEALTH CARE HEALTH CARE COSTS HEALTH CARE FINANCING HEALTH SECTOR HEPATITIS B HIGH RISK GROUPS HIGH- RISK HIGH- RISK GROUPS HIGH-RISK HIGH-RISK POPULATIONS HIV HIV INFECTION HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TYPE HYGIENE ILL HEALTH IMMUNITY IMMUNIZATION IMMUNIZATION COVERAGE IMMUNODEFICIENCY INFANTS INFECTIONS INFLUENZA INJECTING DRUG USE INJECTION DRUG USERS INTERVENTION LABOR FORCE LIFESTYLES MARGINAL COST MARKETING MEDICAL CARE MEDICAL CARE COSTS MEDICAL COSTS MORBIDITY MORTALITY MOTHER-TO-CHILD MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION MOTHERS NEEDLE EXCHANGE NEEDS ASSESSMENT NUTRITION OLDER ADULTS PATIENTS PEDIATRICS PHYSICIANS POLICY MAKERS POLICY RESEARCH PREGNANT WOMAN PRESENT VALUE PRODUCTION COSTS PRODUCTIVITY PROPHYLAXIS PROSTITUTION PUBLIC HEALTH REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH RETIREMENT RETURNS TO SCALE RISK BEHAVIOR RISK BEHAVIOUR RISK FACTORS RISK OF AIDS RISK POPULATIONS SAFETY SAVINGS SCHOOLS SEX WITH MEN SEXUAL HEALTH UNAIDS USE OF CONDOMS VACCINATION VACCINATIONS VACCINE TRIALS VICTIMS VIRAL LOAD WORLD AIDS CONFERENCE The authors delineate two different algorithms for the purchase of AIDS vaccines, to show how differences in policy objectives can greatly affect projections of the number of courses of vaccine that will be needed. They consider a hypothetical vaccine costing ten dollars to produce, and offering sixty percent, seventy five percent, and ninety percent reductions in the risk of HIV for ten years. For each of the world's ten major geographic divisions, they sue published estimates of the risk of AIDS, the value of medical costs averted, and the value of potential productivity losses. Under the "health sector" algorithm - in which purchases are made to minimize the impact of AIDS/HIV on government health spending - 766 million courses of vaccine would be purchased. Under the "societal" algorithm - in which purchases are made to minimize the impact of AIDS/HIV on health spending and GDP - more than 3.7 billion courses of vaccine would be purchased. Under an "equity" model - allocating vaccines to everyone in the world at high risk, as if they had the financial resources of Western Europeans - vaccine would be offered to 4.7 billion people. For a Western European man, reducing the risk of AIDS/HIV would be a $789 concern; in Africa, the comparable risk would be a $48,577 crisis. The authors conclude that financing AIDS vaccines solely on the fixed budget of a ministry of health, means large vulnerable populations wouldn't receive the vaccine. Allocating the vaccine based on society's ability to pay would still exclude many poor infants who would probably be immunized if they were born in more developed regions. Policymakers concerned about equity in health care must redouble efforts to making the financing of development, and distribution of AIDS vaccines, a global, not a regional concern. 2014-06-30T18:29:45Z 2014-06-30T18:29:45Z 2000-04 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2000/04/437234/algorithms-purchasing-aids-vaccines http://hdl.handle.net/10986/18838 English en_US Policy Research Working Paper;No. 2321 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English en_US
topic	ADAPTATION ADULT MEN ADVERSE EFFECTS AGED AIDS CARE AIDS EPIDEMIC AIDS VACCINE AIDS VACCINE CHARACTERISTICS AIDS VACCINE RESEARCH AIDS VACCINES ALGORITHM ANTENATAL CARE AVERAGE AGE BEREAVEMENT BISEXUAL MEN CARE SEEKING CASE OF AIDS COMMERCIAL SEX COMMERCIAL SEX WORKERS DEMAND CURVES DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DRUGS ECONOMICS EMPIRICAL STUDIES EPIDEMIOLOGY FAMILIES FINANCIAL RESOURCES HARM REDUCTION HEALTH CARE HEALTH CARE COSTS HEALTH CARE FINANCING HEALTH SECTOR HEPATITIS B HIGH RISK GROUPS HIGH- RISK HIGH- RISK GROUPS HIGH-RISK HIGH-RISK POPULATIONS HIV HIV INFECTION HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TYPE HYGIENE ILL HEALTH IMMUNITY IMMUNIZATION IMMUNIZATION COVERAGE IMMUNODEFICIENCY INFANTS INFECTIONS INFLUENZA INJECTING DRUG USE INJECTION DRUG USERS INTERVENTION LABOR FORCE LIFESTYLES MARGINAL COST MARKETING MEDICAL CARE MEDICAL CARE COSTS MEDICAL COSTS MORBIDITY MORTALITY MOTHER-TO-CHILD MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION MOTHERS NEEDLE EXCHANGE NEEDS ASSESSMENT NUTRITION OLDER ADULTS PATIENTS PEDIATRICS PHYSICIANS POLICY MAKERS POLICY RESEARCH PREGNANT WOMAN PRESENT VALUE PRODUCTION COSTS PRODUCTIVITY PROPHYLAXIS PROSTITUTION PUBLIC HEALTH REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH RETIREMENT RETURNS TO SCALE RISK BEHAVIOR RISK BEHAVIOUR RISK FACTORS RISK OF AIDS RISK POPULATIONS SAFETY SAVINGS SCHOOLS SEX WITH MEN SEXUAL HEALTH UNAIDS USE OF CONDOMS VACCINATION VACCINATIONS VACCINE TRIALS VICTIMS VIRAL LOAD WORLD AIDS CONFERENCE
spellingShingle	ADAPTATION ADULT MEN ADVERSE EFFECTS AGED AIDS CARE AIDS EPIDEMIC AIDS VACCINE AIDS VACCINE CHARACTERISTICS AIDS VACCINE RESEARCH AIDS VACCINES ALGORITHM ANTENATAL CARE AVERAGE AGE BEREAVEMENT BISEXUAL MEN CARE SEEKING CASE OF AIDS COMMERCIAL SEX COMMERCIAL SEX WORKERS DEMAND CURVES DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DRUGS ECONOMICS EMPIRICAL STUDIES EPIDEMIOLOGY FAMILIES FINANCIAL RESOURCES HARM REDUCTION HEALTH CARE HEALTH CARE COSTS HEALTH CARE FINANCING HEALTH SECTOR HEPATITIS B HIGH RISK GROUPS HIGH- RISK HIGH- RISK GROUPS HIGH-RISK HIGH-RISK POPULATIONS HIV HIV INFECTION HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TYPE HYGIENE ILL HEALTH IMMUNITY IMMUNIZATION IMMUNIZATION COVERAGE IMMUNODEFICIENCY INFANTS INFECTIONS INFLUENZA INJECTING DRUG USE INJECTION DRUG USERS INTERVENTION LABOR FORCE LIFESTYLES MARGINAL COST MARKETING MEDICAL CARE MEDICAL CARE COSTS MEDICAL COSTS MORBIDITY MORTALITY MOTHER-TO-CHILD MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION MOTHERS NEEDLE EXCHANGE NEEDS ASSESSMENT NUTRITION OLDER ADULTS PATIENTS PEDIATRICS PHYSICIANS POLICY MAKERS POLICY RESEARCH PREGNANT WOMAN PRESENT VALUE PRODUCTION COSTS PRODUCTIVITY PROPHYLAXIS PROSTITUTION PUBLIC HEALTH REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH RETIREMENT RETURNS TO SCALE RISK BEHAVIOR RISK BEHAVIOUR RISK FACTORS RISK OF AIDS RISK POPULATIONS SAFETY SAVINGS SCHOOLS SEX WITH MEN SEXUAL HEALTH UNAIDS USE OF CONDOMS VACCINATION VACCINATIONS VACCINE TRIALS VICTIMS VIRAL LOAD WORLD AIDS CONFERENCE Bishai, David Lin, Maria K. Kiyonga, C.W.B. Algorithms for Purchasing AIDS Vaccines
relation	Policy Research Working Paper;No. 2321
description	The authors delineate two different algorithms for the purchase of AIDS vaccines, to show how differences in policy objectives can greatly affect projections of the number of courses of vaccine that will be needed. They consider a hypothetical vaccine costing ten dollars to produce, and offering sixty percent, seventy five percent, and ninety percent reductions in the risk of HIV for ten years. For each of the world's ten major geographic divisions, they sue published estimates of the risk of AIDS, the value of medical costs averted, and the value of potential productivity losses. Under the "health sector" algorithm - in which purchases are made to minimize the impact of AIDS/HIV on government health spending - 766 million courses of vaccine would be purchased. Under the "societal" algorithm - in which purchases are made to minimize the impact of AIDS/HIV on health spending and GDP - more than 3.7 billion courses of vaccine would be purchased. Under an "equity" model - allocating vaccines to everyone in the world at high risk, as if they had the financial resources of Western Europeans - vaccine would be offered to 4.7 billion people. For a Western European man, reducing the risk of AIDS/HIV would be a $789 concern; in Africa, the comparable risk would be a $48,577 crisis. The authors conclude that financing AIDS vaccines solely on the fixed budget of a ministry of health, means large vulnerable populations wouldn't receive the vaccine. Allocating the vaccine based on society's ability to pay would still exclude many poor infants who would probably be immunized if they were born in more developed regions. Policymakers concerned about equity in health care must redouble efforts to making the financing of development, and distribution of AIDS vaccines, a global, not a regional concern.
format	Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
author	Bishai, David Lin, Maria K. Kiyonga, C.W.B.
author_facet	Bishai, David Lin, Maria K. Kiyonga, C.W.B.
author_sort	Bishai, David
title	Algorithms for Purchasing AIDS Vaccines
title_short	Algorithms for Purchasing AIDS Vaccines
title_full	Algorithms for Purchasing AIDS Vaccines
title_fullStr	Algorithms for Purchasing AIDS Vaccines
title_full_unstemmed	Algorithms for Purchasing AIDS Vaccines
title_sort	algorithms for purchasing aids vaccines
publisher	World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate	2014
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2000/04/437234/algorithms-purchasing-aids-vaccines http://hdl.handle.net/10986/18838
_version_	1764441589104508928

Algorithms for Purchasing AIDS Vaccines

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