A Race to the Top? A Case Study of Food Safety Standards and African Exports

Growing concern over health risks associated with food products is at the forefront of trade policy debate. At the heart of this debate is the "precautionary principle," which holds that precautions should be taken against health, safety,...

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Main Authors:	Otsuki, Tsunehiro, Wilson, John S., Sewadeh, Mirvat
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2014
Subjects:	AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AGRICULTURAL TRADE AGRICULTURE BEEF BILATERAL TRADE BRAN CANCER CARCINOGENS CEREALS CHANGES IN TRADE COEFFICIENT ESTIMATE COMPLIANCE COSTS CONSUMERS CORN COUNTRY MARKETS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DRIED FRUIT DRIED FRUITS ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS ECONOMICS RESEARCH EDIBLE NUTS ELASTICITY EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EMPIRICAL RESEARCH EQUILIBRIUM EXPENDITURES EXPORT COSTS EXPORT MARKETS EXPORT PERFORMANCE EXPORT SUPPLY EXPORTERS EXPORTS FISHERIES FOOD ADDITIVES FOOD ECONOMICS FOOD EXPORTS FOOD GRAINS FOOD IMPORTS FOOD POLICY FOOD POLICY RESEARCH FOOD PRODUCT FOOD PRODUCTS FOOD SAFETY FOODGRAINS FOODS GDP GNP GRAVITY EQUATION GROUNDNUT GROUNDNUTS IMPORT BANS IMPORT MARKETS IMPORT RESTRICTIONS IMPORTS INCOME INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS INTERNATIONAL TRADE LOW INCOME LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES MARKET ACCESS MEAL NUTS PECANS POLICY DISCUSSIONS PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE REGULATORY BARRIERS SAFETY STANDARDS SPICES TARIFF BARRIERS TRADE BARRIERS TRADE DATA TRADE DISPUTES TRADE EFFECT TRADE FLOWS TRADE LOSSES TRADE PARTNERS TRADE PATTERNS TRADE PERFORMANCE TRADE POLICY TRADE RELATIONSHIPS TROPICAL FRUITS URUGUAY ROUND VALUE OF TRADE VEGETABLE OILS VEGETABLES WALNUTS WELFARE LOSSES WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2001/03/1047386/race-top-case-study-food-safety-standards-african-exports http://hdl.handle.net/10986/19691

id	okr-10986-19691
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	okr-10986-196912021-04-23T14:03:44Z A Race to the Top? A Case Study of Food Safety Standards and African Exports Otsuki, Tsunehiro Wilson, John S. Sewadeh, Mirvat AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AGRICULTURAL TRADE AGRICULTURE BEEF BILATERAL TRADE BRAN CANCER CARCINOGENS CEREALS CHANGES IN TRADE COEFFICIENT ESTIMATE COMPLIANCE COSTS CONSUMERS CORN COUNTRY MARKETS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DRIED FRUIT DRIED FRUITS ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS ECONOMICS RESEARCH EDIBLE NUTS ELASTICITY EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EMPIRICAL RESEARCH EQUILIBRIUM EXPENDITURES EXPORT COSTS EXPORT MARKETS EXPORT PERFORMANCE EXPORT SUPPLY EXPORTERS EXPORTS FISHERIES FOOD ADDITIVES FOOD ECONOMICS FOOD EXPORTS FOOD GRAINS FOOD IMPORTS FOOD POLICY FOOD POLICY RESEARCH FOOD PRODUCT FOOD PRODUCTS FOOD SAFETY FOODGRAINS FOODS GDP GNP GRAVITY EQUATION GROUNDNUT GROUNDNUTS IMPORT BANS IMPORT MARKETS IMPORT RESTRICTIONS IMPORTS INCOME INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS INTERNATIONAL TRADE LOW INCOME LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES MARKET ACCESS MEAL NUTS PECANS POLICY DISCUSSIONS PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE REGULATORY BARRIERS SAFETY STANDARDS SPICES TARIFF BARRIERS TRADE BARRIERS TRADE DATA TRADE DISPUTES TRADE EFFECT TRADE FLOWS TRADE LOSSES TRADE PARTNERS TRADE PATTERNS TRADE PERFORMANCE TRADE POLICY TRADE RELATIONSHIPS TROPICAL FRUITS URUGUAY ROUND VALUE OF TRADE VEGETABLE OILS VEGETABLES WALNUTS WELFARE LOSSES WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION Growing concern over health risks associated with food products is at the forefront of trade policy debate. At the heart of this debate is the "precautionary principle," which holds that precautions should be taken against health, safety, and environmental risks even when science has not established direct cause-and-effect relationships--as with, for example, the EUropean ban on hormone-treated beef. The authors quantify the impact on food exports from African countries of new EUropean Union standards for aflatoxins, structurally related toxic compounds that contaminate certain foods and lead to the production of acute liver carcinogens in the human body. The authors estimate the impact of changes in differing levels of such protection based on the EU standards (and suggested by international standards) for 15 EUropean countries and 9 African countries between 1989 and 1998. The results suggest that implementation of the EU's new aflatoxin standards will significantly hurt African exports to EUrope of nuts, cereals, and dried fruits, which are highly sensitive to the aflatoxin standards. The EU standards would reduce health risks by only about 1.4 deaths per billion a year but would cut African exports by 64 percent, or $670 million, compared with their level under international standards. 2014-08-26T18:24:33Z 2014-08-26T18:24:33Z 2001-03 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2001/03/1047386/race-top-case-study-food-safety-standards-african-exports http://hdl.handle.net/10986/19691 English en_US Policy Research Working Paper;No. 2563 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research Africa
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English en_US
topic	AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AGRICULTURAL TRADE AGRICULTURE BEEF BILATERAL TRADE BRAN CANCER CARCINOGENS CEREALS CHANGES IN TRADE COEFFICIENT ESTIMATE COMPLIANCE COSTS CONSUMERS CORN COUNTRY MARKETS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DRIED FRUIT DRIED FRUITS ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS ECONOMICS RESEARCH EDIBLE NUTS ELASTICITY EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EMPIRICAL RESEARCH EQUILIBRIUM EXPENDITURES EXPORT COSTS EXPORT MARKETS EXPORT PERFORMANCE EXPORT SUPPLY EXPORTERS EXPORTS FISHERIES FOOD ADDITIVES FOOD ECONOMICS FOOD EXPORTS FOOD GRAINS FOOD IMPORTS FOOD POLICY FOOD POLICY RESEARCH FOOD PRODUCT FOOD PRODUCTS FOOD SAFETY FOODGRAINS FOODS GDP GNP GRAVITY EQUATION GROUNDNUT GROUNDNUTS IMPORT BANS IMPORT MARKETS IMPORT RESTRICTIONS IMPORTS INCOME INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS INTERNATIONAL TRADE LOW INCOME LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES MARKET ACCESS MEAL NUTS PECANS POLICY DISCUSSIONS PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE REGULATORY BARRIERS SAFETY STANDARDS SPICES TARIFF BARRIERS TRADE BARRIERS TRADE DATA TRADE DISPUTES TRADE EFFECT TRADE FLOWS TRADE LOSSES TRADE PARTNERS TRADE PATTERNS TRADE PERFORMANCE TRADE POLICY TRADE RELATIONSHIPS TROPICAL FRUITS URUGUAY ROUND VALUE OF TRADE VEGETABLE OILS VEGETABLES WALNUTS WELFARE LOSSES WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION
spellingShingle	AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AGRICULTURAL TRADE AGRICULTURE BEEF BILATERAL TRADE BRAN CANCER CARCINOGENS CEREALS CHANGES IN TRADE COEFFICIENT ESTIMATE COMPLIANCE COSTS CONSUMERS CORN COUNTRY MARKETS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES DRIED FRUIT DRIED FRUITS ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS ECONOMICS RESEARCH EDIBLE NUTS ELASTICITY EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EMPIRICAL RESEARCH EQUILIBRIUM EXPENDITURES EXPORT COSTS EXPORT MARKETS EXPORT PERFORMANCE EXPORT SUPPLY EXPORTERS EXPORTS FISHERIES FOOD ADDITIVES FOOD ECONOMICS FOOD EXPORTS FOOD GRAINS FOOD IMPORTS FOOD POLICY FOOD POLICY RESEARCH FOOD PRODUCT FOOD PRODUCTS FOOD SAFETY FOODGRAINS FOODS GDP GNP GRAVITY EQUATION GROUNDNUT GROUNDNUTS IMPORT BANS IMPORT MARKETS IMPORT RESTRICTIONS IMPORTS INCOME INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS INTERNATIONAL TRADE LOW INCOME LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES MARKET ACCESS MEAL NUTS PECANS POLICY DISCUSSIONS PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE REGULATORY BARRIERS SAFETY STANDARDS SPICES TARIFF BARRIERS TRADE BARRIERS TRADE DATA TRADE DISPUTES TRADE EFFECT TRADE FLOWS TRADE LOSSES TRADE PARTNERS TRADE PATTERNS TRADE PERFORMANCE TRADE POLICY TRADE RELATIONSHIPS TROPICAL FRUITS URUGUAY ROUND VALUE OF TRADE VEGETABLE OILS VEGETABLES WALNUTS WELFARE LOSSES WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION Otsuki, Tsunehiro Wilson, John S. Sewadeh, Mirvat A Race to the Top? A Case Study of Food Safety Standards and African Exports
geographic_facet	Africa
relation	Policy Research Working Paper;No. 2563
description	Growing concern over health risks associated with food products is at the forefront of trade policy debate. At the heart of this debate is the "precautionary principle," which holds that precautions should be taken against health, safety, and environmental risks even when science has not established direct cause-and-effect relationships--as with, for example, the EUropean ban on hormone-treated beef. The authors quantify the impact on food exports from African countries of new EUropean Union standards for aflatoxins, structurally related toxic compounds that contaminate certain foods and lead to the production of acute liver carcinogens in the human body. The authors estimate the impact of changes in differing levels of such protection based on the EU standards (and suggested by international standards) for 15 EUropean countries and 9 African countries between 1989 and 1998. The results suggest that implementation of the EU's new aflatoxin standards will significantly hurt African exports to EUrope of nuts, cereals, and dried fruits, which are highly sensitive to the aflatoxin standards. The EU standards would reduce health risks by only about 1.4 deaths per billion a year but would cut African exports by 64 percent, or $670 million, compared with their level under international standards.
format	Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
author	Otsuki, Tsunehiro Wilson, John S. Sewadeh, Mirvat
author_facet	Otsuki, Tsunehiro Wilson, John S. Sewadeh, Mirvat
author_sort	Otsuki, Tsunehiro
title	A Race to the Top? A Case Study of Food Safety Standards and African Exports
title_short	A Race to the Top? A Case Study of Food Safety Standards and African Exports
title_full	A Race to the Top? A Case Study of Food Safety Standards and African Exports
title_fullStr	A Race to the Top? A Case Study of Food Safety Standards and African Exports
title_full_unstemmed	A Race to the Top? A Case Study of Food Safety Standards and African Exports
title_sort	race to the top? a case study of food safety standards and african exports
publisher	World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate	2014
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2001/03/1047386/race-top-case-study-food-safety-standards-african-exports http://hdl.handle.net/10986/19691
_version_	1764440368794828800

A Race to the Top? A Case Study of Food Safety Standards and African Exports

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