Civil-service Pension Schemes Around the World
There are separate pension schemes for civil servants in about half of the world s countries, including some of the largest developing economies, such as Brazil, China and India. In the higher-income, OECD countries, spending on pensions for public...
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| Format: | Working Paper |
| Language: | English en_US |
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World Bank, Washington, DC
2014
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2006/05/20170245/civil-service-pension-schemes-around-world http://hdl.handle.net/10986/20205 |
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okr-10986-20205 |
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oai_dc |
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Digital Repository |
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Foreign Institution |
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Digital Repositories |
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World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
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World Bank |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
ACCRUAL RATE ACCRUAL RATES ADVERSE SELECTION AGE COMPOSITION ARREARS ASYMMETRIES OF INFORMATION BALANCE SHEET BANKRUPTCY BARRIER BASIC PENSION BENEFICIARIES BENEFIT FORMULA BENEFIT FORMULAE BENEFIT LEVELS BOND CASH FLOW CIVIL SERVANT CIVIL SERVANTS CIVIL SERVICE CIVIL SERVICE PENSION CIVIL SERVICE PENSIONS COLLECTIVE AGREEMENTS COMPENSATION PACKAGE CONFLICTS OF INTEREST CONSUMPTION SMOOTHING CONTRIBUTION PERIOD CONTRIBUTION RATE CONTRIBUTION RATES CUSTOMS OFFICIALS DEFICITS DEFINED BENEFIT DEFINED BENEFIT SCHEMES DEFINED BENEFITS DEFINED-BENEFIT SCHEME DEFINED-BENEFIT SCHEMES DEFINED-CONTRIBUTION PENSIONS DEMOGRAPHIC DEPOSIT DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING ECONOMIES DISCOUNT RATE DISCOUNT RATES DIVESTMENT EARLY RETIREMENT EARNING EARNINGS GROWTH EMPLOYEE EMPLOYER CONTRIBUTION EMPLOYER CONTRIBUTIONS EMPLOYMENT EXPENDITURE EXPENDITURES FINANCES FINANCIAL SUPPORT FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS FISCAL BURDEN FISCAL CONSTRAINTS FISCAL DEFICIT FISCAL DISCIPLINE FISCAL POLICY FORMAL PENSION FORMAL SECTOR WORKERS FULL-CAREER WORKER FUNDED BASIS FUNDED COMPONENTS FUNDED SCHEME FUTURE PENSION GOVERNMENT BONDS GOVERNMENT BUDGET GOVERNMENT REVENUES HARMONIZATION HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN RESOURCE HUMAN RESOURCES IMPLICIT DEBT IMPLICIT PENSION DEBT INCOME STREAM INDIVIDUAL ACCOUNTS INFLATION INFORMATIONAL ASYMMETRIES JOB TENURE JOBS JURISDICTION LABOR DEMAND LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET IMPACT LABOR MARKETS LABOR MOBILITY LABOR TURNOVER LABORERS LABOUR LABOUR FORCE LEGAL CHANGES LEVY LIABILITY LIFE EXPECTANCY LOCAL AUTHORITIES LONG-TERM PROJECTIONS LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES MANDATORY RETIREMENT MARKET DISTORTIONS MARKET FAILURE MARKET FAILURES MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES MONOPOLY MORAL HAZARD NATIONAL GOVERNMENT NATIONAL PENSION NET WAGE NET WAGES NORMAL RETIREMENT AGE NOTIONAL ACCOUNTS NUMBER OF BENEFICIARIES OCCUPATIONAL PENSIONS OCCUPATIONAL SCHEMES OLDER WORKERS OPPORTUNITY COST OUTSOURCING PAYGO PENSION PENSION AGE PENSION AGES PENSION ARRANGEMENTS PENSION BENEFIT PENSION BENEFITS PENSION CONTRIBUTIONS PENSION COST PENSION COVERAGE PENSION DEBT PENSION ENTITLEMENT PENSION FUND PENSION LIABILITIES PENSION PLANS PENSION POLICY PENSION PROGRAM PENSION PROGRAMMES PENSION PROGRAMS PENSION PROVISION PENSION REFORM PENSION REGULATORS PENSION RIGHTS PENSION SCHEME PENSION SCHEMES PENSION SPENDING PENSION SYSTEM PENSION SYSTEM REFORM PENSION SYSTEMS PENSION VALUES PENSION WEALTH PENSION-SCHEME PENSIONERS PENSIONS POLITICAL ECONOMY PRESENT VALUE PREVIOUS DISCUSSION PREVIOUS PARAGRAPH PRICE GROWTH PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVATE SECTOR WORKER PRIVATE SECTOR WORKERS PRIVATE SECTORS PRIVATIZATION PROVIDENT FUND PUBLIC DEBT PUBLIC SECTOR DOWNSIZING PUBLIC SECTOR WORKERS PUBLIC SERVICE PUBLIC SPENDING RATE OF GROWTH RATE OF RETURN REAL WAGES REASONABLE ASSUMPTION REFORM PROCESS REPLACEMENT RATE REPLACEMENT RATES RESERVES RETIREMENT RETIREMENT AGE RETIREMENT AGES RETIREMENT INCOME RETIREMENT INCOMES RETIREMENT OPTIONS RETIREMENT PROGRAM RETIREMENT-INCOME RETIREMENT-INCOME ARRANGEMENTS RETIREMENT-INCOME PROVISION RETIRING WORKER SAVINGS SERVANTS SERVICE EMPLOYMENT SEVERANCE PAYMENTS SOCIAL ASSISTANCE SOCIAL POLICY SOCIAL PROTECTION STATE GOVERNMENT STATE INSTITUTIONS SUPPLEMENTARY PENSION TAX TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE THRIFT SAVINGS PLAN TRADE UNION TRANSACTION TRANSPARENCY TURNOVER UNEMPLOYMENT UNFUNDED LIABILITIES WAGE BILL WAGE COMPRESSION WAGE DIFFERENTIALS WAGE INCREASE WARRANTS WORKERS YOUNGER WORKERS |
| spellingShingle |
ACCRUAL RATE ACCRUAL RATES ADVERSE SELECTION AGE COMPOSITION ARREARS ASYMMETRIES OF INFORMATION BALANCE SHEET BANKRUPTCY BARRIER BASIC PENSION BENEFICIARIES BENEFIT FORMULA BENEFIT FORMULAE BENEFIT LEVELS BOND CASH FLOW CIVIL SERVANT CIVIL SERVANTS CIVIL SERVICE CIVIL SERVICE PENSION CIVIL SERVICE PENSIONS COLLECTIVE AGREEMENTS COMPENSATION PACKAGE CONFLICTS OF INTEREST CONSUMPTION SMOOTHING CONTRIBUTION PERIOD CONTRIBUTION RATE CONTRIBUTION RATES CUSTOMS OFFICIALS DEFICITS DEFINED BENEFIT DEFINED BENEFIT SCHEMES DEFINED BENEFITS DEFINED-BENEFIT SCHEME DEFINED-BENEFIT SCHEMES DEFINED-CONTRIBUTION PENSIONS DEMOGRAPHIC DEPOSIT DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING ECONOMIES DISCOUNT RATE DISCOUNT RATES DIVESTMENT EARLY RETIREMENT EARNING EARNINGS GROWTH EMPLOYEE EMPLOYER CONTRIBUTION EMPLOYER CONTRIBUTIONS EMPLOYMENT EXPENDITURE EXPENDITURES FINANCES FINANCIAL SUPPORT FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS FISCAL BURDEN FISCAL CONSTRAINTS FISCAL DEFICIT FISCAL DISCIPLINE FISCAL POLICY FORMAL PENSION FORMAL SECTOR WORKERS FULL-CAREER WORKER FUNDED BASIS FUNDED COMPONENTS FUNDED SCHEME FUTURE PENSION GOVERNMENT BONDS GOVERNMENT BUDGET GOVERNMENT REVENUES HARMONIZATION HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN RESOURCE HUMAN RESOURCES IMPLICIT DEBT IMPLICIT PENSION DEBT INCOME STREAM INDIVIDUAL ACCOUNTS INFLATION INFORMATIONAL ASYMMETRIES JOB TENURE JOBS JURISDICTION LABOR DEMAND LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET IMPACT LABOR MARKETS LABOR MOBILITY LABOR TURNOVER LABORERS LABOUR LABOUR FORCE LEGAL CHANGES LEVY LIABILITY LIFE EXPECTANCY LOCAL AUTHORITIES LONG-TERM PROJECTIONS LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES MANDATORY RETIREMENT MARKET DISTORTIONS MARKET FAILURE MARKET FAILURES MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES MONOPOLY MORAL HAZARD NATIONAL GOVERNMENT NATIONAL PENSION NET WAGE NET WAGES NORMAL RETIREMENT AGE NOTIONAL ACCOUNTS NUMBER OF BENEFICIARIES OCCUPATIONAL PENSIONS OCCUPATIONAL SCHEMES OLDER WORKERS OPPORTUNITY COST OUTSOURCING PAYGO PENSION PENSION AGE PENSION AGES PENSION ARRANGEMENTS PENSION BENEFIT PENSION BENEFITS PENSION CONTRIBUTIONS PENSION COST PENSION COVERAGE PENSION DEBT PENSION ENTITLEMENT PENSION FUND PENSION LIABILITIES PENSION PLANS PENSION POLICY PENSION PROGRAM PENSION PROGRAMMES PENSION PROGRAMS PENSION PROVISION PENSION REFORM PENSION REGULATORS PENSION RIGHTS PENSION SCHEME PENSION SCHEMES PENSION SPENDING PENSION SYSTEM PENSION SYSTEM REFORM PENSION SYSTEMS PENSION VALUES PENSION WEALTH PENSION-SCHEME PENSIONERS PENSIONS POLITICAL ECONOMY PRESENT VALUE PREVIOUS DISCUSSION PREVIOUS PARAGRAPH PRICE GROWTH PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVATE SECTOR WORKER PRIVATE SECTOR WORKERS PRIVATE SECTORS PRIVATIZATION PROVIDENT FUND PUBLIC DEBT PUBLIC SECTOR DOWNSIZING PUBLIC SECTOR WORKERS PUBLIC SERVICE PUBLIC SPENDING RATE OF GROWTH RATE OF RETURN REAL WAGES REASONABLE ASSUMPTION REFORM PROCESS REPLACEMENT RATE REPLACEMENT RATES RESERVES RETIREMENT RETIREMENT AGE RETIREMENT AGES RETIREMENT INCOME RETIREMENT INCOMES RETIREMENT OPTIONS RETIREMENT PROGRAM RETIREMENT-INCOME RETIREMENT-INCOME ARRANGEMENTS RETIREMENT-INCOME PROVISION RETIRING WORKER SAVINGS SERVANTS SERVICE EMPLOYMENT SEVERANCE PAYMENTS SOCIAL ASSISTANCE SOCIAL POLICY SOCIAL PROTECTION STATE GOVERNMENT STATE INSTITUTIONS SUPPLEMENTARY PENSION TAX TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE THRIFT SAVINGS PLAN TRADE UNION TRANSACTION TRANSPARENCY TURNOVER UNEMPLOYMENT UNFUNDED LIABILITIES WAGE BILL WAGE COMPRESSION WAGE DIFFERENTIALS WAGE INCREASE WARRANTS WORKERS YOUNGER WORKERS Palacios, Robert Whitehouse, Edward Civil-service Pension Schemes Around the World |
| relation |
Social protection and labor discussion paper;no. 0602 |
| description |
There are separate pension schemes for
civil servants in about half of the world s countries,
including some of the largest developing economies, such as
Brazil, China and India. In the higher-income, OECD
countries, spending on pensions for public-sector workers
makes up one quarter of total pension spending. In less
developed countries, this proportion is usually higher. Yet,
very little has been written on the design and reform of
civil-service pension plans, especially when compared with
the voluminous literature on national pension programs. This
paper compares civil service pension schemes across
countries in terms of benefit provision and cost. We find
that in many developing countries, these expenditures are a
greater fiscal burden than in higher income countries where
the tax base is larger. The paper also compares schemes
within the same country covering private sector workers.
Finally, we review key policy issues related to pension
schemes covering civil servants as well as other public
sector workers. In particular, we find that there is little
justification for maintaining parallel schemes in the long run. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Working Paper |
| author |
Palacios, Robert Whitehouse, Edward |
| author_facet |
Palacios, Robert Whitehouse, Edward |
| author_sort |
Palacios, Robert |
| title |
Civil-service Pension Schemes Around the World |
| title_short |
Civil-service Pension Schemes Around the World |
| title_full |
Civil-service Pension Schemes Around the World |
| title_fullStr |
Civil-service Pension Schemes Around the World |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Civil-service Pension Schemes Around the World |
| title_sort |
civil-service pension schemes around the world |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2014 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2006/05/20170245/civil-service-pension-schemes-around-world http://hdl.handle.net/10986/20205 |
| _version_ |
1764444958089019392 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-202052021-04-23T14:03:54Z Civil-service Pension Schemes Around the World Palacios, Robert Whitehouse, Edward ACCRUAL RATE ACCRUAL RATES ADVERSE SELECTION AGE COMPOSITION ARREARS ASYMMETRIES OF INFORMATION BALANCE SHEET BANKRUPTCY BARRIER BASIC PENSION BENEFICIARIES BENEFIT FORMULA BENEFIT FORMULAE BENEFIT LEVELS BOND CASH FLOW CIVIL SERVANT CIVIL SERVANTS CIVIL SERVICE CIVIL SERVICE PENSION CIVIL SERVICE PENSIONS COLLECTIVE AGREEMENTS COMPENSATION PACKAGE CONFLICTS OF INTEREST CONSUMPTION SMOOTHING CONTRIBUTION PERIOD CONTRIBUTION RATE CONTRIBUTION RATES CUSTOMS OFFICIALS DEFICITS DEFINED BENEFIT DEFINED BENEFIT SCHEMES DEFINED BENEFITS DEFINED-BENEFIT SCHEME DEFINED-BENEFIT SCHEMES DEFINED-CONTRIBUTION PENSIONS DEMOGRAPHIC DEPOSIT DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPING ECONOMIES DISCOUNT RATE DISCOUNT RATES DIVESTMENT EARLY RETIREMENT EARNING EARNINGS GROWTH EMPLOYEE EMPLOYER CONTRIBUTION EMPLOYER CONTRIBUTIONS EMPLOYMENT EXPENDITURE EXPENDITURES FINANCES FINANCIAL SUPPORT FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS FISCAL BURDEN FISCAL CONSTRAINTS FISCAL DEFICIT FISCAL DISCIPLINE FISCAL POLICY FORMAL PENSION FORMAL SECTOR WORKERS FULL-CAREER WORKER FUNDED BASIS FUNDED COMPONENTS FUNDED SCHEME FUTURE PENSION GOVERNMENT BONDS GOVERNMENT BUDGET GOVERNMENT REVENUES HARMONIZATION HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN RESOURCE HUMAN RESOURCES IMPLICIT DEBT IMPLICIT PENSION DEBT INCOME STREAM INDIVIDUAL ACCOUNTS INFLATION INFORMATIONAL ASYMMETRIES JOB TENURE JOBS JURISDICTION LABOR DEMAND LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET IMPACT LABOR MARKETS LABOR MOBILITY LABOR TURNOVER LABORERS LABOUR LABOUR FORCE LEGAL CHANGES LEVY LIABILITY LIFE EXPECTANCY LOCAL AUTHORITIES LONG-TERM PROJECTIONS LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES MANDATORY RETIREMENT MARKET DISTORTIONS MARKET FAILURE MARKET FAILURES MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES MONOPOLY MORAL HAZARD NATIONAL GOVERNMENT NATIONAL PENSION NET WAGE NET WAGES NORMAL RETIREMENT AGE NOTIONAL ACCOUNTS NUMBER OF BENEFICIARIES OCCUPATIONAL PENSIONS OCCUPATIONAL SCHEMES OLDER WORKERS OPPORTUNITY COST OUTSOURCING PAYGO PENSION PENSION AGE PENSION AGES PENSION ARRANGEMENTS PENSION BENEFIT PENSION BENEFITS PENSION CONTRIBUTIONS PENSION COST PENSION COVERAGE PENSION DEBT PENSION ENTITLEMENT PENSION FUND PENSION LIABILITIES PENSION PLANS PENSION POLICY PENSION PROGRAM PENSION PROGRAMMES PENSION PROGRAMS PENSION PROVISION PENSION REFORM PENSION REGULATORS PENSION RIGHTS PENSION SCHEME PENSION SCHEMES PENSION SPENDING PENSION SYSTEM PENSION SYSTEM REFORM PENSION SYSTEMS PENSION VALUES PENSION WEALTH PENSION-SCHEME PENSIONERS PENSIONS POLITICAL ECONOMY PRESENT VALUE PREVIOUS DISCUSSION PREVIOUS PARAGRAPH PRICE GROWTH PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVATE SECTOR WORKER PRIVATE SECTOR WORKERS PRIVATE SECTORS PRIVATIZATION PROVIDENT FUND PUBLIC DEBT PUBLIC SECTOR DOWNSIZING PUBLIC SECTOR WORKERS PUBLIC SERVICE PUBLIC SPENDING RATE OF GROWTH RATE OF RETURN REAL WAGES REASONABLE ASSUMPTION REFORM PROCESS REPLACEMENT RATE REPLACEMENT RATES RESERVES RETIREMENT RETIREMENT AGE RETIREMENT AGES RETIREMENT INCOME RETIREMENT INCOMES RETIREMENT OPTIONS RETIREMENT PROGRAM RETIREMENT-INCOME RETIREMENT-INCOME ARRANGEMENTS RETIREMENT-INCOME PROVISION RETIRING WORKER SAVINGS SERVANTS SERVICE EMPLOYMENT SEVERANCE PAYMENTS SOCIAL ASSISTANCE SOCIAL POLICY SOCIAL PROTECTION STATE GOVERNMENT STATE INSTITUTIONS SUPPLEMENTARY PENSION TAX TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE THRIFT SAVINGS PLAN TRADE UNION TRANSACTION TRANSPARENCY TURNOVER UNEMPLOYMENT UNFUNDED LIABILITIES WAGE BILL WAGE COMPRESSION WAGE DIFFERENTIALS WAGE INCREASE WARRANTS WORKERS YOUNGER WORKERS There are separate pension schemes for civil servants in about half of the world s countries, including some of the largest developing economies, such as Brazil, China and India. In the higher-income, OECD countries, spending on pensions for public-sector workers makes up one quarter of total pension spending. In less developed countries, this proportion is usually higher. Yet, very little has been written on the design and reform of civil-service pension plans, especially when compared with the voluminous literature on national pension programs. This paper compares civil service pension schemes across countries in terms of benefit provision and cost. We find that in many developing countries, these expenditures are a greater fiscal burden than in higher income countries where the tax base is larger. The paper also compares schemes within the same country covering private sector workers. Finally, we review key policy issues related to pension schemes covering civil servants as well as other public sector workers. In particular, we find that there is little justification for maintaining parallel schemes in the long run. 2014-09-17T18:20:43Z 2014-09-17T18:20:43Z 2006-05 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2006/05/20170245/civil-service-pension-schemes-around-world http://hdl.handle.net/10986/20205 English en_US Social protection and labor discussion paper;no. 0602 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Working Paper |