The World Bank and China's Environment 1993-2003

China's environmental degradation has developed over centuries, but record recent rates of economic growth have now widened environmental impacts and accelerated many adverse trends. China's urbanization and industrialization have produce...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Varley, Robert C.G.
Format: Working Paper
Language:English
en_US
Published: World Bank, Washington, DC 2014
Subjects:
AIR
CO
CO2
COD
ESP
GAS
LNG
NOX
ODS
Online Access:http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2005/04/20106294/world-bank-chinas-environment-1993-2003
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/20208
id okr-10986-20208
recordtype oai_dc
repository_type Digital Repository
institution_category Foreign Institution
institution Digital Repositories
building World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection World Bank
language English
en_US
topic ACCOUNTABILITY
ACCOUNTING
ACID
ACID RAIN
ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
AFFORESTATION
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
AIR
AIR POLLUTANTS
AIR POLLUTION
AIR QUALITY
ANNUAL EMISSIONS
APPROACH
ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS
AUDITS
BALANCE
BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION
BOILER PLANTS
BREWING
CAPACITY UTILIZATION
CARBON
CARBON EMISSIONS
CERTIFICATION
CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND
CHEMICAL PROCESSES
CLEANER EMISSIONS
CLIMATE
CO
CO2
COAL
COAL BRIQUETTES
COAL EXTRACTION
COAL POWER PLANTS
COAL-FIRED POWER
COASTAL AREAS
COASTAL RESOURCES
COD
COLLECTION SYSTEMS
COLORS
COMBUSTION
COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGIES
COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
CONSOLIDATION
CONSTRUCTION
CONTAMINATED WATER
CONVERGENCE
CROP PRODUCTION
CULTIVATED LAND
DEBT
DECENTRALIZATION
DESERTIFICATION
DISTRICT HEATING
DOMESTIC USE
DUST
ECONOMIC GROWTH
ECONOMIC INCENTIVES
ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS
ELECTRICITY
ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATORS
EMISSION
EMISSION FEES
EMISSION RATES
EMISSIONS
EMISSIONS LIMITS
EMISSIONS TAXES
EMPLOYMENT
ENERGY CONSERVATION
ENERGY CONSUMPTION
ENERGY EFFICIENCY
ENERGY POLICY
ENVIRONMENTAL
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENTS
ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES
ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS
ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION
ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE
ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES
ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
ENVIRONMENTS
EROSION CONTROL
ESP
EUTROPHICATION
FARMING PRACTICES
FARMS
FINANCIAL LEVERAGE
FISH
FISHING
FLOODS
FOREST
FOREST AREA
FOREST COVER
FOREST MANAGEMENT
FORESTRY
FRESHWATER LAKES
GAS
GAS DESULFURIZATION
GAS PRODUCTION
GENERATION
GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY
GROUNDWATER
HEAVY METALS
HIGH LEVELS
HYDROPOWER
INCREMENTAL COSTS
INDUSTRIAL BOILER
INDUSTRIAL BOILERS
INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION
INVENTORY
IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
LAND DEGRADATION
LAND RECLAMATION
LAND RESOURCES
LAND USE
LAND USE CHANGE
LARGE CITIES
LAWS
LEGAL FRAMEWORK
LNG
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
LOGGING
MANDATES
METHANE
METROPOLITAN AREAS
MFMP
MONTREAL PROTOCOL
MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENTS
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER
MUNICIPALITIES
NATURAL FOREST MANAGEMENT
NATURAL FORESTS
NATURAL GAS
NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
NATURAL RESOURCES
NOX
ODS
OPEN SYSTEMS
OVERGRAZING
OXYGEN
OZONE
OZONE DEPLETING SUBSTANCES
PARTICLES
PARTICULATE
PARTICULATE EMISSIONS
PARTICULATES
PETROLEUM
PETROLEUM SECTOR
PIPELINE
PIPELINE PROJECTS
PLANT OPERATIONS
PM10
POLICY MAKERS
POLLUTION CONTROL
POLLUTION LEVIES
POWER SECTOR
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
PUBLIC HEALTH
PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
QUALITY ASSESSMENT
QUALITY STANDARDS
RAINFALL
RATING SYSTEMS
RAW MATERIALS
REDUCING EMISSIONS
RENEWABLE ENERGY
RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS
RESOURCE ALLOCATION
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
RETIREMENT
RIVER BASINS
RIVERS
SEWAGE
SOIL CONSERVATION
STORMS
SULFUR
SULFUR DIOXIDE
SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS
SULPHUR
SULPHUR DIOXIDE
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
SUSTAINABLE FORESTRY
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
THERMAL PLANTS
THERMAL POWER
THERMAL POWER PLANTS
TIMBER
TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
TRANSPORT
TREE PLANTATIONS
URBAN AIR POLLUTION
URBAN DEVELOPMENT
URBANIZATION
UTILITIES
WASTE MANAGEMENT
WASTEWATER TREATMENT
WATER POLLUTION
WATER QUALITY
WATER SUPPLY
WATER TREATMENT
WATER USE
WILLINGNESS TO PAY
WIND
spellingShingle ACCOUNTABILITY
ACCOUNTING
ACID
ACID RAIN
ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
AFFORESTATION
AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
AIR
AIR POLLUTANTS
AIR POLLUTION
AIR QUALITY
ANNUAL EMISSIONS
APPROACH
ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS
AUDITS
BALANCE
BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION
BOILER PLANTS
BREWING
CAPACITY UTILIZATION
CARBON
CARBON EMISSIONS
CERTIFICATION
CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND
CHEMICAL PROCESSES
CLEANER EMISSIONS
CLIMATE
CO
CO2
COAL
COAL BRIQUETTES
COAL EXTRACTION
COAL POWER PLANTS
COAL-FIRED POWER
COASTAL AREAS
COASTAL RESOURCES
COD
COLLECTION SYSTEMS
COLORS
COMBUSTION
COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGIES
COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
CONSOLIDATION
CONSTRUCTION
CONTAMINATED WATER
CONVERGENCE
CROP PRODUCTION
CULTIVATED LAND
DEBT
DECENTRALIZATION
DESERTIFICATION
DISTRICT HEATING
DOMESTIC USE
DUST
ECONOMIC GROWTH
ECONOMIC INCENTIVES
ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS
ELECTRICITY
ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATORS
EMISSION
EMISSION FEES
EMISSION RATES
EMISSIONS
EMISSIONS LIMITS
EMISSIONS TAXES
EMPLOYMENT
ENERGY CONSERVATION
ENERGY CONSUMPTION
ENERGY EFFICIENCY
ENERGY POLICY
ENVIRONMENTAL
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENTS
ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS
ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES
ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS
ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION
ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE
ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES
ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
ENVIRONMENTS
EROSION CONTROL
ESP
EUTROPHICATION
FARMING PRACTICES
FARMS
FINANCIAL LEVERAGE
FISH
FISHING
FLOODS
FOREST
FOREST AREA
FOREST COVER
FOREST MANAGEMENT
FORESTRY
FRESHWATER LAKES
GAS
GAS DESULFURIZATION
GAS PRODUCTION
GENERATION
GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY
GROUNDWATER
HEAVY METALS
HIGH LEVELS
HYDROPOWER
INCREMENTAL COSTS
INDUSTRIAL BOILER
INDUSTRIAL BOILERS
INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION
INVENTORY
IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
LAND DEGRADATION
LAND RECLAMATION
LAND RESOURCES
LAND USE
LAND USE CHANGE
LARGE CITIES
LAWS
LEGAL FRAMEWORK
LNG
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
LOGGING
MANDATES
METHANE
METROPOLITAN AREAS
MFMP
MONTREAL PROTOCOL
MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENTS
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER
MUNICIPALITIES
NATURAL FOREST MANAGEMENT
NATURAL FORESTS
NATURAL GAS
NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
NATURAL RESOURCES
NOX
ODS
OPEN SYSTEMS
OVERGRAZING
OXYGEN
OZONE
OZONE DEPLETING SUBSTANCES
PARTICLES
PARTICULATE
PARTICULATE EMISSIONS
PARTICULATES
PETROLEUM
PETROLEUM SECTOR
PIPELINE
PIPELINE PROJECTS
PLANT OPERATIONS
PM10
POLICY MAKERS
POLLUTION CONTROL
POLLUTION LEVIES
POWER SECTOR
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
PUBLIC HEALTH
PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
QUALITY ASSESSMENT
QUALITY STANDARDS
RAINFALL
RATING SYSTEMS
RAW MATERIALS
REDUCING EMISSIONS
RENEWABLE ENERGY
RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS
RESOURCE ALLOCATION
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
RETIREMENT
RIVER BASINS
RIVERS
SEWAGE
SOIL CONSERVATION
STORMS
SULFUR
SULFUR DIOXIDE
SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS
SULPHUR
SULPHUR DIOXIDE
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
SUSTAINABLE FORESTRY
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
THERMAL PLANTS
THERMAL POWER
THERMAL POWER PLANTS
TIMBER
TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
TRANSPORT
TREE PLANTATIONS
URBAN AIR POLLUTION
URBAN DEVELOPMENT
URBANIZATION
UTILITIES
WASTE MANAGEMENT
WASTEWATER TREATMENT
WATER POLLUTION
WATER QUALITY
WATER SUPPLY
WATER TREATMENT
WATER USE
WILLINGNESS TO PAY
WIND
Varley, Robert C.G.
The World Bank and China's Environment 1993-2003
geographic_facet East Asia and Pacific
China
relation Operations Evaluation Department (OED) working paper series;
description China's environmental degradation has developed over centuries, but record recent rates of economic growth have now widened environmental impacts and accelerated many adverse trends. China's urbanization and industrialization have produced rising material standards of living but have ever more costly environmental consequences. The period 1992-2001 coincided with a renewed Bank commitment to the environment, culminating in a new 2001 Bank environmental strategy. For the evaluation period there were four policies against which environmental performance can be judged: mainstreaming the environment; enforcing environmental safeguards; implementing a global agenda; and environmental stewardship. The environment and social sector development sector management unit (SMU) has a small professional staff and manages the few Bank-funded specialized environment projects. The Bank provided intellectual leadership and when economic sector work (ESW) was critical, the stakes were so high that the overall cost-effectiveness of ESW was assured. Rightly the Bank participated enthusiastically and shared knowledge with a pluralistic group of donors allied to Chinese research institutes and non-government organizations (NGOs).
format Publications & Research :: Working Paper
author Varley, Robert C.G.
author_facet Varley, Robert C.G.
author_sort Varley, Robert C.G.
title The World Bank and China's Environment 1993-2003
title_short The World Bank and China's Environment 1993-2003
title_full The World Bank and China's Environment 1993-2003
title_fullStr The World Bank and China's Environment 1993-2003
title_full_unstemmed The World Bank and China's Environment 1993-2003
title_sort world bank and china's environment 1993-2003
publisher World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate 2014
url http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2005/04/20106294/world-bank-chinas-environment-1993-2003
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/20208
_version_ 1764444674763784192
spelling okr-10986-202082021-04-23T14:03:54Z The World Bank and China's Environment 1993-2003 Varley, Robert C.G. ACCOUNTABILITY ACCOUNTING ACID ACID RAIN ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AFFORESTATION AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AIR AIR POLLUTANTS AIR POLLUTION AIR QUALITY ANNUAL EMISSIONS APPROACH ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS AUDITS BALANCE BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION BOILER PLANTS BREWING CAPACITY UTILIZATION CARBON CARBON EMISSIONS CERTIFICATION CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND CHEMICAL PROCESSES CLEANER EMISSIONS CLIMATE CO CO2 COAL COAL BRIQUETTES COAL EXTRACTION COAL POWER PLANTS COAL-FIRED POWER COASTAL AREAS COASTAL RESOURCES COD COLLECTION SYSTEMS COLORS COMBUSTION COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGIES COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK CONSOLIDATION CONSTRUCTION CONTAMINATED WATER CONVERGENCE CROP PRODUCTION CULTIVATED LAND DEBT DECENTRALIZATION DESERTIFICATION DISTRICT HEATING DOMESTIC USE DUST ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC INCENTIVES ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS ELECTRICITY ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATORS EMISSION EMISSION FEES EMISSION RATES EMISSIONS EMISSIONS LIMITS EMISSIONS TAXES EMPLOYMENT ENERGY CONSERVATION ENERGY CONSUMPTION ENERGY EFFICIENCY ENERGY POLICY ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENTS ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ENVIRONMENTS EROSION CONTROL ESP EUTROPHICATION FARMING PRACTICES FARMS FINANCIAL LEVERAGE FISH FISHING FLOODS FOREST FOREST AREA FOREST COVER FOREST MANAGEMENT FORESTRY FRESHWATER LAKES GAS GAS DESULFURIZATION GAS PRODUCTION GENERATION GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY GROUNDWATER HEAVY METALS HIGH LEVELS HYDROPOWER INCREMENTAL COSTS INDUSTRIAL BOILER INDUSTRIAL BOILERS INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION INVENTORY IRRIGATION SYSTEMS LAND DEGRADATION LAND RECLAMATION LAND RESOURCES LAND USE LAND USE CHANGE LARGE CITIES LAWS LEGAL FRAMEWORK LNG LOCAL GOVERNMENT LOCAL GOVERNMENTS LOGGING MANDATES METHANE METROPOLITAN AREAS MFMP MONTREAL PROTOCOL MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENTS MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER MUNICIPALITIES NATURAL FOREST MANAGEMENT NATURAL FORESTS NATURAL GAS NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT NATURAL RESOURCES NOX ODS OPEN SYSTEMS OVERGRAZING OXYGEN OZONE OZONE DEPLETING SUBSTANCES PARTICLES PARTICULATE PARTICULATE EMISSIONS PARTICULATES PETROLEUM PETROLEUM SECTOR PIPELINE PIPELINE PROJECTS PLANT OPERATIONS PM10 POLICY MAKERS POLLUTION CONTROL POLLUTION LEVIES POWER SECTOR PROJECT MANAGEMENT PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC PARTICIPATION QUALITY ASSESSMENT QUALITY STANDARDS RAINFALL RATING SYSTEMS RAW MATERIALS REDUCING EMISSIONS RENEWABLE ENERGY RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS RESOURCE ALLOCATION RESOURCE MANAGEMENT RETIREMENT RIVER BASINS RIVERS SEWAGE SOIL CONSERVATION STORMS SULFUR SULFUR DIOXIDE SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS SULPHUR SULPHUR DIOXIDE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT SUSTAINABLE FORESTRY TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE THERMAL PLANTS THERMAL POWER THERMAL POWER PLANTS TIMBER TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT TRANSPORT TREE PLANTATIONS URBAN AIR POLLUTION URBAN DEVELOPMENT URBANIZATION UTILITIES WASTE MANAGEMENT WASTEWATER TREATMENT WATER POLLUTION WATER QUALITY WATER SUPPLY WATER TREATMENT WATER USE WILLINGNESS TO PAY WIND China's environmental degradation has developed over centuries, but record recent rates of economic growth have now widened environmental impacts and accelerated many adverse trends. China's urbanization and industrialization have produced rising material standards of living but have ever more costly environmental consequences. The period 1992-2001 coincided with a renewed Bank commitment to the environment, culminating in a new 2001 Bank environmental strategy. For the evaluation period there were four policies against which environmental performance can be judged: mainstreaming the environment; enforcing environmental safeguards; implementing a global agenda; and environmental stewardship. The environment and social sector development sector management unit (SMU) has a small professional staff and manages the few Bank-funded specialized environment projects. The Bank provided intellectual leadership and when economic sector work (ESW) was critical, the stakes were so high that the overall cost-effectiveness of ESW was assured. Rightly the Bank participated enthusiastically and shared knowledge with a pluralistic group of donors allied to Chinese research institutes and non-government organizations (NGOs). 2014-09-17T18:38:11Z 2014-09-17T18:38:11Z 2005-04-27 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2005/04/20106294/world-bank-chinas-environment-1993-2003 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/20208 English en_US Operations Evaluation Department (OED) working paper series; CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Working Paper Publications & Research East Asia and Pacific China