India : Environmental Sustainability in the 1990s, A Country Assistance Evaluation

India : Environmental Sustainability in the 1990s, A Country Assistance Evaluation

India's environmental problems are deep-rooted and severe. Estimates of annual environmental damage range from 4.5 percent to 8 percent of gross domestic product (GDP), in line with annual economic growth. Since 1990 the World Bank has lent In...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Ringskog, Klas, Chow, Nola
Format:	Working Paper
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2014
Subjects:	ACCOUNTABILITY ACCOUNTING ADVERSE EFFECTS AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT AIR POLLUTANTS AIR POLLUTION AIR QUALITY AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS ALTERNATIVE ENERGY ALTERNATIVE ENERGY RESOURCES AQUIFERS ASSESSMENT PROCESS BANK FAILURE BASINS BIO-DIVERSITY BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY CARBON CARBON DIOXIDE CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS CARBON TAX CARBON TAXES CDF CFCS CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS CLEAN COAL CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES CLEANER PRODUCTION COAL COAL RESOURCES COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT COASTAL ZONES COLLECTION SYSTEMS COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE CONSOLIDATION CONSTRUCTION CONTAMINATED WATER COST EFFECTIVENESS DECENTRALIZATION DECISION MAKING DEFORESTATION DEGRADED LAND DEGRADED LANDS DISPOSAL PROBLEMS ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC EFFECTS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC INCENTIVES ECOSYSTEM ECOSYSTEMS EFFECTIVE USE EFFICIENT USE EFFLUENT TREATMENT EFFLUENTS ELASTICITY OF DEMAND EMISSION EMISSION LEVELS EMISSION STANDARDS EMISSIONS ENDANGERED SPECIES ENERGY EFFICIENCY ENERGY RESEARCH ENERGY RESOURCES ENVIRONMENTAL ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION PLAN ENVIRONMENTAL AGENDA ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENTS ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS ENVIRONMENTAL CAPACITY ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION ENVIRONMENTAL GOALS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY ENVIRONMENTAL TARGETS EXTERNALITIES FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT FISH FLAT TOPOGRAPHY FOREST COVER FOREST MANAGEMENT FORESTRY FUEL FUELS GAS GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT GLOBAL WARMING GREENHOUSE GREENHOUSE EFFECT GREENHOUSE GAS GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS GREENHOUSE GASES GROUNDWATER HAZARDOUS WASTES HEALTH HAZARD HEALTH RISK HIGH LEVELS INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL WATERS IRRIGATION SYSTEMS IRRIGATION WATER LAND DEGRADATION LAND TENURE LAWS LEGISLATION LIVING CONDITIONS LOCAL GOVERNMENT LOGGING MAJOR EMITTER MARGINAL COST METHANE METHANE EMISSIONS METROPOLITAN AREAS NATURAL ENVIRONMENT NATURAL RESOURCE BASE NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT NATURAL RESOURCES OVERGRAZING OVERPUMPING OZONE OZONE DEPLETION OZONE-DEPLETING SUBSTANCES PARTICULATE MATTER PER CAPITA EMISSION PER CAPITA INCOME PETROLEUM REFINERIES POLLUTION ABATEMENT POLLUTION CONTROL POLLUTION DISCHARGE POLLUTION LEVELS POLLUTION TAX POPULATION GROWTH POWER CONSUMPTION POWER GENERATION POWER PLANTS POWER STATIONS POWER UTILITIES POWER UTILITY PRICE ELASTICITY PRICE ELASTICITY OF DEMAND PRODUCTION PATTERNS PRODUCTION PROCESS PRODUCTIVITY PROTECTED AREAS PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC PARTICIPATION PUBLIC POLICY QUALITY STANDARDS RECLAMATION REMOTE SENSING RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES RENEWABLE RESOURCES RESOURCE MANAGEMENT RESOURCE USE RISK FACTORS RIVERS RURAL WATER SUPPLY SAFE WATER SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH SEWAGE SOIL DEGRADATION SOLAR POWER SOLID WASTE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SURCHARGES SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT SUSTAINABLE USE TAX REFORM TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE THERMAL POLLUTION THERMAL POWER THERMAL POWER PLANTS TRANSPORT TREATIES TRUST FUNDS UNSAFE DRINKING WATER URBAN AIR POLLUTION URBAN CENTERS URBAN DEVELOPMENT URBAN POLLUTION URBAN POPULATION WASHING WASTE WASTE DISPOSAL WASTE MANAGEMENT WASTE MINIMIZATION WATER CONSERVATION WATER POLLUTION WATER QUALITY WATER SUPPLY WETLANDS
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2002/01/20106080/india-environmental-sustainability-1990s-country-assistance-evaluation http://hdl.handle.net/10986/20230

Description
Summary:	India's environmental problems are deep-rooted and severe. Estimates of annual environmental damage range from 4.5 percent to 8 percent of gross domestic product (GDP), in line with annual economic growth. Since 1990 the World Bank has lent India 1.94 billion dollars for 19 projects to mitigate environmental damage and another 97 million dollars was granted under global environmental facility (GEF) and Montreal protocol trust funds for four projects to protect the global environment. The Bank has also supported a spectrum of economic and sector work (ESW) that address environmental issues based on country assistance strategies. The report identifies eight conclusions for the Bank s future environmental assistance to India: integrate safeguards earlier in the project cycle; provide alternatives to public sector management of water supply and sewerage systems; greatly expand support of sanitation programs; air pollution needs to be targeted as a priority measure; step up efforts to promote rational pricing of natural resources; monitoring and enforcement of environmental standards is lagging and undermines the whole regulatory effort; links between poverty reduction and ecological balance must be more fully documented; and better recognition of global environmental threats will also address local concerns.

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