Pakistan Clean Fuels
In the context of the Pakistan Clean Fuels Program, and subsequent workshops, the study reviews the proposed timetable for phasing lead out of gasoline, increasing the average of gasoline octane, and reducing sulfur in diesel, and fuel oil. Within...
| Main Author: | |
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| Format: | ESMAP Paper |
| Language: | English en_US |
| Published: |
Washington, DC
2014
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2001/10/1677829/pakistan-clean-fuels http://hdl.handle.net/10986/20287 |
| id |
okr-10986-20287 |
|---|---|
| recordtype |
oai_dc |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
ADVERSE IMPACT AERODYNAMIC DIAMETER AIR QUALITY AIR QUALITY DATA AIR QUALITY IMPROVEMENT ALCOHOLS AMBIENT CONCENTRATION AMBIENT CONCENTRATIONS AROMATICS AVIATION GASOLINE BALANCE OF PAYMENTS BENZENE CARBON CARBON ATOMS CARBON DIOXIDE CARBON MONOXIDE CARCINOGENS CATALYST REGENERATION CATALYTIC CONVERTER CATALYTIC CRACKING CETANE IMPROVEMENT ADDITIVES CETANE NUMBER CHEMICALS CHOICE OF FUEL CLEAN AIR CLEAN FUELS CO COLORS COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID COMBUSTION COMBUSTION CHAMBER COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS CONSERVATION CONVERSION OF GASOLINE VEHICLES CRUDE OIL DIESEL DIESEL DIESEL CONSUMPTION DIESEL FUEL DIESEL PARTICULATE DIESEL PARTICULATE EMISSIONS DIESEL SULFUR DIESEL SULFUR REDUCTION DIESEL VEHICLES DISTILLATE PRODUCTION DISTILLATION ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ECONOMISTS ELASTICITIES ENERGY PRACTICES ENGINE ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION ETHERS EXCHANGE RATE EXHAUST SYSTEM EXPENDITURES FINE PARTICLES FLUE GAS FUEL CONSUMPTION FUEL OIL FUEL OIL PRICES FUEL OIL PRODUCTION FUEL PRICE FUEL PRICING FUEL QUALITY FUEL SPECIFICATIONS FUEL SWITCHING FUEL TAX GAS GAS DESULFURIZATION GASOLINE GASOLINE GASOLINE BLENDING GASOLINE CARS GASOLINE COMPONENT GASOLINE DEMAND GASOLINE FRACTION GASOLINE OCTANE GASOLINE PRICE GASOLINE PRICES GASOLINE PRODUCTION GASOLINE QUALITY GASOLINE SPECIFICATIONS GASOLINE VEHICLES HEAVY OILS HEAVY-DUTY VEHICLES HYDROCARBONS HYDROGEN IMPORTS INCOME INFLATION INSURANCE ISOMERIZATION LEADED GASOLINE LIGHT-DUTY VEHICLES LIVING CONDITIONS METHYL TERTIARY-BUTYL ETHER MINERAL MTBE NATURAL RESOURCES NITROGEN NITROGEN DIOXIDE NO2 OCTANE OCTANE NUMBERS OIL OIL COMPANY OIL DEMAND OIL MARKETING OIL MARKETING COMPANIES OLEFINS ORGANIC COMPOUNDS OXIDES OXIDES OF NITROGEN OXIDES OF SULFUR OXYGEN OZONE PARTICULATE CONCENTRATIONS PARTICULATE MATTER PARTICULATES PETROLEUM PETROLEUM GAS PETROLEUM INDUSTRY PETROLEUM PRODUCTS PETROLEUM SECTOR PIPELINES POLLUTANTS POLYCYCLIC AROMATICS POVERTY ALLEVIATION PRICE CHANGES RECYCLING REFINERIES REFINERY ROAD TRANSPORT ROAD TRANSPORT SECTOR SAVINGS STREAM SULFUR DIOXIDE SULFUR IN DIESEL SULFUR IN FUEL SUSPENDED PARTICLES SUSTAINABLE ENERGY TAX REVENUE TAXATION TEMPERATURE TRANSPORT FUEL UNEMPLOYMENT URBAN AREAS URBAN CENTERS VEHICLE VEHICLE OWNERS VEHICLES VOC WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION |
| spellingShingle |
ADVERSE IMPACT AERODYNAMIC DIAMETER AIR QUALITY AIR QUALITY DATA AIR QUALITY IMPROVEMENT ALCOHOLS AMBIENT CONCENTRATION AMBIENT CONCENTRATIONS AROMATICS AVIATION GASOLINE BALANCE OF PAYMENTS BENZENE CARBON CARBON ATOMS CARBON DIOXIDE CARBON MONOXIDE CARCINOGENS CATALYST REGENERATION CATALYTIC CONVERTER CATALYTIC CRACKING CETANE IMPROVEMENT ADDITIVES CETANE NUMBER CHEMICALS CHOICE OF FUEL CLEAN AIR CLEAN FUELS CO COLORS COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID COMBUSTION COMBUSTION CHAMBER COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS CONSERVATION CONVERSION OF GASOLINE VEHICLES CRUDE OIL DIESEL DIESEL DIESEL CONSUMPTION DIESEL FUEL DIESEL PARTICULATE DIESEL PARTICULATE EMISSIONS DIESEL SULFUR DIESEL SULFUR REDUCTION DIESEL VEHICLES DISTILLATE PRODUCTION DISTILLATION ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ECONOMISTS ELASTICITIES ENERGY PRACTICES ENGINE ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION ETHERS EXCHANGE RATE EXHAUST SYSTEM EXPENDITURES FINE PARTICLES FLUE GAS FUEL CONSUMPTION FUEL OIL FUEL OIL PRICES FUEL OIL PRODUCTION FUEL PRICE FUEL PRICING FUEL QUALITY FUEL SPECIFICATIONS FUEL SWITCHING FUEL TAX GAS GAS DESULFURIZATION GASOLINE GASOLINE GASOLINE BLENDING GASOLINE CARS GASOLINE COMPONENT GASOLINE DEMAND GASOLINE FRACTION GASOLINE OCTANE GASOLINE PRICE GASOLINE PRICES GASOLINE PRODUCTION GASOLINE QUALITY GASOLINE SPECIFICATIONS GASOLINE VEHICLES HEAVY OILS HEAVY-DUTY VEHICLES HYDROCARBONS HYDROGEN IMPORTS INCOME INFLATION INSURANCE ISOMERIZATION LEADED GASOLINE LIGHT-DUTY VEHICLES LIVING CONDITIONS METHYL TERTIARY-BUTYL ETHER MINERAL MTBE NATURAL RESOURCES NITROGEN NITROGEN DIOXIDE NO2 OCTANE OCTANE NUMBERS OIL OIL COMPANY OIL DEMAND OIL MARKETING OIL MARKETING COMPANIES OLEFINS ORGANIC COMPOUNDS OXIDES OXIDES OF NITROGEN OXIDES OF SULFUR OXYGEN OZONE PARTICULATE CONCENTRATIONS PARTICULATE MATTER PARTICULATES PETROLEUM PETROLEUM GAS PETROLEUM INDUSTRY PETROLEUM PRODUCTS PETROLEUM SECTOR PIPELINES POLLUTANTS POLYCYCLIC AROMATICS POVERTY ALLEVIATION PRICE CHANGES RECYCLING REFINERIES REFINERY ROAD TRANSPORT ROAD TRANSPORT SECTOR SAVINGS STREAM SULFUR DIOXIDE SULFUR IN DIESEL SULFUR IN FUEL SUSPENDED PARTICLES SUSTAINABLE ENERGY TAX REVENUE TAXATION TEMPERATURE TRANSPORT FUEL UNEMPLOYMENT URBAN AREAS URBAN CENTERS VEHICLE VEHICLE OWNERS VEHICLES VOC WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION World Bank Pakistan Clean Fuels |
| geographic_facet |
South Asia Pakistan |
| relation |
Energy Sector Management Assistance
Programme (ESMAP);no. ESM 246 / 01 |
| description |
In the context of the Pakistan Clean
Fuels Program, and subsequent workshops, the study reviews
the proposed timetable for phasing lead out of gasoline,
increasing the average of gasoline octane, and reducing
sulfur in diesel, and fuel oil. Within South Asia, Pakistan
remains one of the countries using leaded gasoline widely,
and, given the extensive epidemiological evidence concerning
the adverse impact of lead on public health, lead
elimination is the highest priority for fuel quality
improvement, in addition to the pollutant concern of high
ambient concentrations of fine particles. Also examined is
the aspect of particulate emissions: higher contribution by
diesel vehicles to particulate emissions, a factor
aggravated by the much lower pricing policy of diesel.
Workshops findings suggest that incremental costs of
reducing sulfur in diesel is low, compared to the cost of
reducing sulfur in fuel oil which is substantial, arguing
for an accelerated switch from fuel oil to natural gas.
Conversely, the incremental cost of eliminating lead in
gasoline, and reducing sulfur in diesel is surprisingly low.
If implemented successfully, one effective option is
differentiated vehicle taxation, by which diesel vehicles
are taxed considerably more than gasoline equivalents, so as
to make diesel vehicles economically unattractive. However,
findings suggest that fuel tax policy alone is a poor
instrument for inducing a shift from diesel to gasoline
powered vehicles; observations thus highlight the importance
of coordinating policies across environmental, transport,
and energy sectors, using a number of policy instruments,
rather than just one to address these problems. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: ESMAP Paper |
| author |
World Bank |
| author_facet |
World Bank |
| author_sort |
World Bank |
| title |
Pakistan Clean Fuels |
| title_short |
Pakistan Clean Fuels |
| title_full |
Pakistan Clean Fuels |
| title_fullStr |
Pakistan Clean Fuels |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Pakistan Clean Fuels |
| title_sort |
pakistan clean fuels |
| publisher |
Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2014 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2001/10/1677829/pakistan-clean-fuels http://hdl.handle.net/10986/20287 |
| _version_ |
1764437103634022400 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-202872021-04-23T14:03:37Z Pakistan Clean Fuels World Bank ADVERSE IMPACT AERODYNAMIC DIAMETER AIR QUALITY AIR QUALITY DATA AIR QUALITY IMPROVEMENT ALCOHOLS AMBIENT CONCENTRATION AMBIENT CONCENTRATIONS AROMATICS AVIATION GASOLINE BALANCE OF PAYMENTS BENZENE CARBON CARBON ATOMS CARBON DIOXIDE CARBON MONOXIDE CARCINOGENS CATALYST REGENERATION CATALYTIC CONVERTER CATALYTIC CRACKING CETANE IMPROVEMENT ADDITIVES CETANE NUMBER CHEMICALS CHOICE OF FUEL CLEAN AIR CLEAN FUELS CO COLORS COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID COMBUSTION COMBUSTION CHAMBER COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS CONSERVATION CONVERSION OF GASOLINE VEHICLES CRUDE OIL DIESEL DIESEL DIESEL CONSUMPTION DIESEL FUEL DIESEL PARTICULATE DIESEL PARTICULATE EMISSIONS DIESEL SULFUR DIESEL SULFUR REDUCTION DIESEL VEHICLES DISTILLATE PRODUCTION DISTILLATION ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ECONOMISTS ELASTICITIES ENERGY PRACTICES ENGINE ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION ETHERS EXCHANGE RATE EXHAUST SYSTEM EXPENDITURES FINE PARTICLES FLUE GAS FUEL CONSUMPTION FUEL OIL FUEL OIL PRICES FUEL OIL PRODUCTION FUEL PRICE FUEL PRICING FUEL QUALITY FUEL SPECIFICATIONS FUEL SWITCHING FUEL TAX GAS GAS DESULFURIZATION GASOLINE GASOLINE GASOLINE BLENDING GASOLINE CARS GASOLINE COMPONENT GASOLINE DEMAND GASOLINE FRACTION GASOLINE OCTANE GASOLINE PRICE GASOLINE PRICES GASOLINE PRODUCTION GASOLINE QUALITY GASOLINE SPECIFICATIONS GASOLINE VEHICLES HEAVY OILS HEAVY-DUTY VEHICLES HYDROCARBONS HYDROGEN IMPORTS INCOME INFLATION INSURANCE ISOMERIZATION LEADED GASOLINE LIGHT-DUTY VEHICLES LIVING CONDITIONS METHYL TERTIARY-BUTYL ETHER MINERAL MTBE NATURAL RESOURCES NITROGEN NITROGEN DIOXIDE NO2 OCTANE OCTANE NUMBERS OIL OIL COMPANY OIL DEMAND OIL MARKETING OIL MARKETING COMPANIES OLEFINS ORGANIC COMPOUNDS OXIDES OXIDES OF NITROGEN OXIDES OF SULFUR OXYGEN OZONE PARTICULATE CONCENTRATIONS PARTICULATE MATTER PARTICULATES PETROLEUM PETROLEUM GAS PETROLEUM INDUSTRY PETROLEUM PRODUCTS PETROLEUM SECTOR PIPELINES POLLUTANTS POLYCYCLIC AROMATICS POVERTY ALLEVIATION PRICE CHANGES RECYCLING REFINERIES REFINERY ROAD TRANSPORT ROAD TRANSPORT SECTOR SAVINGS STREAM SULFUR DIOXIDE SULFUR IN DIESEL SULFUR IN FUEL SUSPENDED PARTICLES SUSTAINABLE ENERGY TAX REVENUE TAXATION TEMPERATURE TRANSPORT FUEL UNEMPLOYMENT URBAN AREAS URBAN CENTERS VEHICLE VEHICLE OWNERS VEHICLES VOC WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION In the context of the Pakistan Clean Fuels Program, and subsequent workshops, the study reviews the proposed timetable for phasing lead out of gasoline, increasing the average of gasoline octane, and reducing sulfur in diesel, and fuel oil. Within South Asia, Pakistan remains one of the countries using leaded gasoline widely, and, given the extensive epidemiological evidence concerning the adverse impact of lead on public health, lead elimination is the highest priority for fuel quality improvement, in addition to the pollutant concern of high ambient concentrations of fine particles. Also examined is the aspect of particulate emissions: higher contribution by diesel vehicles to particulate emissions, a factor aggravated by the much lower pricing policy of diesel. Workshops findings suggest that incremental costs of reducing sulfur in diesel is low, compared to the cost of reducing sulfur in fuel oil which is substantial, arguing for an accelerated switch from fuel oil to natural gas. Conversely, the incremental cost of eliminating lead in gasoline, and reducing sulfur in diesel is surprisingly low. If implemented successfully, one effective option is differentiated vehicle taxation, by which diesel vehicles are taxed considerably more than gasoline equivalents, so as to make diesel vehicles economically unattractive. However, findings suggest that fuel tax policy alone is a poor instrument for inducing a shift from diesel to gasoline powered vehicles; observations thus highlight the importance of coordinating policies across environmental, transport, and energy sectors, using a number of policy instruments, rather than just one to address these problems. 2014-09-30T17:53:34Z 2014-09-30T17:53:34Z 2001-10 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2001/10/1677829/pakistan-clean-fuels http://hdl.handle.net/10986/20287 English en_US Energy Sector Management Assistance Programme (ESMAP);no. ESM 246 / 01 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ Washington, DC Publications & Research :: ESMAP Paper Publications & Research South Asia Pakistan |