Education Quality and Opportunities for Skills Development in Albania : An Analysis of PISA 2000-2012 Results

Albanian students improved their performance on PIS A1 reading, math, and science assessments between 2000 and 2012, a period over which access to upper secondary education expanded dramatically. The improvements are equivalent to a quarter to half...

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Main Author:	World Bank Group
Format:	Working Paper
Language:	English en_US
Published:	Washington, DC 2014
Subjects:	ABILITY OF STUDENTS ACCESS TO PRESCHOOL ASSESSMENT SYSTEM AVERAGE SCORE BASIC EDUCATION FOR CHILDREN BASIC TEXTS BETTER LEARNING BETTER SCHOOLS CHILD DEVELOPMENT CLASSROOM CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT COGNITIVE SKILLS COMPETENCIES COMPULSORY BASIC EDUCATION COMPULSORY EDUCATION COMPUTER SOFTWARE CURRICULAR REFORMS CURRICULUM DEGREES DIASPORA DISADVANTAGED STUDENTS DISCIPLINES DROPOUT RATES EARLY CHILDHOOD EARLY EDUCATION ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH EDUCATION LEVEL EDUCATION POLICY EDUCATION REFORM EDUCATION SECTOR EDUCATION STRATEGY EDUCATION SYSTEM EDUCATION SYSTEMS EDUCATION VARIABLES EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT EDUCATIONAL PERFORMANCE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMS EFFECT ON STUDENT LEARNING EFFECTIVE LEARNING EFFECTIVE TEACHING END OF GRADE ENROLLMENT ENROLLMENT RATE ENROLLMENT RATES ENTRANCE AGE ENTRANCE EXAM ETHNIC GROUPS EXAM FORMAL BASIC EDUCATION FORMAL SCHOOLING FUNCTIONAL LITERACY FUNCTIONALLY ILLITERATE GENDER DISPARITIES GENDER GAP GIRLS GRADUATION RATE GROSS ENROLLMENT GROSS ENROLLMENT RATE HIGH SCHOOL HIGHER EDUCATION INSTRUCTION INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS INTERNATIONAL STUDENT ASSESSMENT LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET PARTICIPATION LEARNING LEARNING OUTCOMES LEARNING STRATEGIES LEVELS OF EDUCATION LITERACY LITERACY ASPECTS LITERACY THRESHOLD LITERATURE LIVING STANDARDS LOWER SECONDARY MATH SCORES MATH SKILLS MATHEMATICAL CONCEPTS MATHEMATICAL PROBLEMS MATHEMATICS MEASURING EDUCATION QUALITY MOBILITY NATIONAL EDUCATION OLD STUDENTS OUT-OF-SCHOOL CHILDREN PARENTAL EDUCATION PEER INTERACTION PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS PERSISTENT INEQUALITIES PRESCHOOL EDUCATION PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY SCHOOL PRINCIPAL EFFECTIVENESS PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS PRIVATE SCHOOLS PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROFICIENCY PUBLIC EXPENDITURE PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ON EDUCATION PUBLIC EXPENDITURES PUBLIC EXPENDITURES ON EDUCATION PUBLIC SCHOOLS QUALIFIED TEACHERS QUALITY EDUCATION QUALITY OF EDUCATION QUALITY OF LIFE QUALITY OF TEACHING QUALITY PRESCHOOL QUALITY PRESCHOOL EDUCATION QUALITY SCHOOLS READERS READING READING ACHIEVEMENT READING SKILLS REASONING RURAL AREAS RURAL DISPARITIES RURAL SCHOOLS SCHOOL AUTONOMY SCHOOL LEVEL SCHOOL MAPPING SCHOOL NETWORK SCHOOL PRINCIPALS SCHOOL QUALITY SCHOOL READINESS SCHOOL STUDENTS SCHOOL-AGE SCHOOL-AGE POPULATION SCHOOLING SCIENCE LABORATORY EQUIPMENT SCIENCE STUDY SECONDARY EDUCATION SKILL ACQUISITION SKILLS ACQUISITION SKILLS DEVELOPMENT SMALL SCHOOLS SOCIAL COHESION SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT STUDENT ASSESSMENT STUDENT DATA STUDENT ENGAGEMENT STUDENT GROUPS STUDENT LEARNING STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES STUDENT PERFORMANCE STUDENT POPULATION STUDENT SCORES STUDENT-TEACHER RATIO SUBJECTS TEACHER TEACHER EFFECTIVENESS TEACHER RECRUITMENT TEACHING TEACHING PRACTICE TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TERTIARY EDUCATION TEST SCORES TEXTBOOK TEXTBOOK SUBSIDIES TEXTBOOKS UNIVERSITY STUDENTS UPPER SECONDARY UPPER SECONDARY EDUCATION VISUAL RESOURCES VOCATIONAL EDUCATION WORKERS YOUNG PEOPLE
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/01/20214469/education-quality-opportunities-skills-development-albania-analysis-pisa-2000-2012-results http://hdl.handle.net/10986/20424

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recordtype	oai_dc
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English en_US
topic	ABILITY OF STUDENTS ACCESS TO PRESCHOOL ASSESSMENT SYSTEM AVERAGE SCORE BASIC EDUCATION FOR CHILDREN BASIC TEXTS BETTER LEARNING BETTER SCHOOLS CHILD DEVELOPMENT CLASSROOM CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT COGNITIVE SKILLS COMPETENCIES COMPULSORY BASIC EDUCATION COMPULSORY EDUCATION COMPUTER SOFTWARE CURRICULAR REFORMS CURRICULUM DEGREES DIASPORA DISADVANTAGED STUDENTS DISCIPLINES DROPOUT RATES EARLY CHILDHOOD EARLY EDUCATION ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH EDUCATION LEVEL EDUCATION POLICY EDUCATION REFORM EDUCATION SECTOR EDUCATION STRATEGY EDUCATION SYSTEM EDUCATION SYSTEMS EDUCATION VARIABLES EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT EDUCATIONAL PERFORMANCE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMS EFFECT ON STUDENT LEARNING EFFECTIVE LEARNING EFFECTIVE TEACHING END OF GRADE ENROLLMENT ENROLLMENT RATE ENROLLMENT RATES ENTRANCE AGE ENTRANCE EXAM ETHNIC GROUPS EXAM FORMAL BASIC EDUCATION FORMAL SCHOOLING FUNCTIONAL LITERACY FUNCTIONALLY ILLITERATE GENDER DISPARITIES GENDER GAP GIRLS GRADUATION RATE GROSS ENROLLMENT GROSS ENROLLMENT RATE HIGH SCHOOL HIGHER EDUCATION INSTRUCTION INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS INTERNATIONAL STUDENT ASSESSMENT LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET PARTICIPATION LEARNING LEARNING OUTCOMES LEARNING STRATEGIES LEVELS OF EDUCATION LITERACY LITERACY ASPECTS LITERACY THRESHOLD LITERATURE LIVING STANDARDS LOWER SECONDARY MATH SCORES MATH SKILLS MATHEMATICAL CONCEPTS MATHEMATICAL PROBLEMS MATHEMATICS MEASURING EDUCATION QUALITY MOBILITY NATIONAL EDUCATION OLD STUDENTS OUT-OF-SCHOOL CHILDREN PARENTAL EDUCATION PEER INTERACTION PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS PERSISTENT INEQUALITIES PRESCHOOL EDUCATION PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY SCHOOL PRINCIPAL EFFECTIVENESS PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS PRIVATE SCHOOLS PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROFICIENCY PUBLIC EXPENDITURE PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ON EDUCATION PUBLIC EXPENDITURES PUBLIC EXPENDITURES ON EDUCATION PUBLIC SCHOOLS QUALIFIED TEACHERS QUALITY EDUCATION QUALITY OF EDUCATION QUALITY OF LIFE QUALITY OF TEACHING QUALITY PRESCHOOL QUALITY PRESCHOOL EDUCATION QUALITY SCHOOLS READERS READING READING ACHIEVEMENT READING SKILLS REASONING RURAL AREAS RURAL DISPARITIES RURAL SCHOOLS SCHOOL AUTONOMY SCHOOL LEVEL SCHOOL MAPPING SCHOOL NETWORK SCHOOL PRINCIPALS SCHOOL QUALITY SCHOOL READINESS SCHOOL STUDENTS SCHOOL-AGE SCHOOL-AGE POPULATION SCHOOLING SCIENCE LABORATORY EQUIPMENT SCIENCE STUDY SECONDARY EDUCATION SKILL ACQUISITION SKILLS ACQUISITION SKILLS DEVELOPMENT SMALL SCHOOLS SOCIAL COHESION SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT STUDENT ASSESSMENT STUDENT DATA STUDENT ENGAGEMENT STUDENT GROUPS STUDENT LEARNING STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES STUDENT PERFORMANCE STUDENT POPULATION STUDENT SCORES STUDENT-TEACHER RATIO SUBJECTS TEACHER TEACHER EFFECTIVENESS TEACHER RECRUITMENT TEACHING TEACHING PRACTICE TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TERTIARY EDUCATION TEST SCORES TEXTBOOK TEXTBOOK SUBSIDIES TEXTBOOKS UNIVERSITY STUDENTS UPPER SECONDARY UPPER SECONDARY EDUCATION VISUAL RESOURCES VOCATIONAL EDUCATION WORKERS YOUNG PEOPLE
spellingShingle	ABILITY OF STUDENTS ACCESS TO PRESCHOOL ASSESSMENT SYSTEM AVERAGE SCORE BASIC EDUCATION FOR CHILDREN BASIC TEXTS BETTER LEARNING BETTER SCHOOLS CHILD DEVELOPMENT CLASSROOM CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT COGNITIVE SKILLS COMPETENCIES COMPULSORY BASIC EDUCATION COMPULSORY EDUCATION COMPUTER SOFTWARE CURRICULAR REFORMS CURRICULUM DEGREES DIASPORA DISADVANTAGED STUDENTS DISCIPLINES DROPOUT RATES EARLY CHILDHOOD EARLY EDUCATION ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH EDUCATION LEVEL EDUCATION POLICY EDUCATION REFORM EDUCATION SECTOR EDUCATION STRATEGY EDUCATION SYSTEM EDUCATION SYSTEMS EDUCATION VARIABLES EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT EDUCATIONAL PERFORMANCE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMS EFFECT ON STUDENT LEARNING EFFECTIVE LEARNING EFFECTIVE TEACHING END OF GRADE ENROLLMENT ENROLLMENT RATE ENROLLMENT RATES ENTRANCE AGE ENTRANCE EXAM ETHNIC GROUPS EXAM FORMAL BASIC EDUCATION FORMAL SCHOOLING FUNCTIONAL LITERACY FUNCTIONALLY ILLITERATE GENDER DISPARITIES GENDER GAP GIRLS GRADUATION RATE GROSS ENROLLMENT GROSS ENROLLMENT RATE HIGH SCHOOL HIGHER EDUCATION INSTRUCTION INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS INTERNATIONAL STUDENT ASSESSMENT LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET PARTICIPATION LEARNING LEARNING OUTCOMES LEARNING STRATEGIES LEVELS OF EDUCATION LITERACY LITERACY ASPECTS LITERACY THRESHOLD LITERATURE LIVING STANDARDS LOWER SECONDARY MATH SCORES MATH SKILLS MATHEMATICAL CONCEPTS MATHEMATICAL PROBLEMS MATHEMATICS MEASURING EDUCATION QUALITY MOBILITY NATIONAL EDUCATION OLD STUDENTS OUT-OF-SCHOOL CHILDREN PARENTAL EDUCATION PEER INTERACTION PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS PERSISTENT INEQUALITIES PRESCHOOL EDUCATION PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY SCHOOL PRINCIPAL EFFECTIVENESS PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS PRIVATE SCHOOLS PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROFICIENCY PUBLIC EXPENDITURE PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ON EDUCATION PUBLIC EXPENDITURES PUBLIC EXPENDITURES ON EDUCATION PUBLIC SCHOOLS QUALIFIED TEACHERS QUALITY EDUCATION QUALITY OF EDUCATION QUALITY OF LIFE QUALITY OF TEACHING QUALITY PRESCHOOL QUALITY PRESCHOOL EDUCATION QUALITY SCHOOLS READERS READING READING ACHIEVEMENT READING SKILLS REASONING RURAL AREAS RURAL DISPARITIES RURAL SCHOOLS SCHOOL AUTONOMY SCHOOL LEVEL SCHOOL MAPPING SCHOOL NETWORK SCHOOL PRINCIPALS SCHOOL QUALITY SCHOOL READINESS SCHOOL STUDENTS SCHOOL-AGE SCHOOL-AGE POPULATION SCHOOLING SCIENCE LABORATORY EQUIPMENT SCIENCE STUDY SECONDARY EDUCATION SKILL ACQUISITION SKILLS ACQUISITION SKILLS DEVELOPMENT SMALL SCHOOLS SOCIAL COHESION SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT STUDENT ASSESSMENT STUDENT DATA STUDENT ENGAGEMENT STUDENT GROUPS STUDENT LEARNING STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES STUDENT PERFORMANCE STUDENT POPULATION STUDENT SCORES STUDENT-TEACHER RATIO SUBJECTS TEACHER TEACHER EFFECTIVENESS TEACHER RECRUITMENT TEACHING TEACHING PRACTICE TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TERTIARY EDUCATION TEST SCORES TEXTBOOK TEXTBOOK SUBSIDIES TEXTBOOKS UNIVERSITY STUDENTS UPPER SECONDARY UPPER SECONDARY EDUCATION VISUAL RESOURCES VOCATIONAL EDUCATION WORKERS YOUNG PEOPLE World Bank Group Education Quality and Opportunities for Skills Development in Albania : An Analysis of PISA 2000-2012 Results
geographic_facet	Europe and Central Asia ALBANIA
description	Albanian students improved their performance on PIS A1 reading, math, and science assessments between 2000 and 2012, a period over which access to upper secondary education expanded dramatically. The improvements are equivalent to a quarter to half a year of schooling in math and science and more than one year of schooling in reading. The improvements were realized despite substantial increases in enrollment and the attendant changes in the PISA sample composition. The gross enrollment rate in upper secondary education was only about 40 percent in 2000, but increased markedly to 72 percent in 2009 and 83 percent in 2012. A spike in enrollment usually results in lower average student performance due to the inclusion of poorer and traditionally excluded students. In the context of a rapidly expanding education system, it is remarkable that Albania managed to improve its average PISA scores. It is even more notable that the improvement came from significant advancements made by low-achieving students. Albania s improved PIS A scores coincide with the launch of intensive reform efforts in its education sector. The Government of Albania initiated the education sector strategy formulation process in 2002, which resulted in the 2004 passage of the National Education Strategy (NES) and the first attempt to develop a long-term roadmap for the sector. The NES served as the catalyst for a range of reforms, including: improved teacher recruitment, compensation, and management; a revised curriculum for basic and general upper secondary education; enhanced transparency and accountability through reform of the Matura, the national student assessment; reduced price and improved textbook quality through a reformed procurement process; and provision of textbook subsidies to the poorest households. While it is beyond the scope of this report to determine a causal relationship between the range of policy reforms and improved PISA scores, this report shows that socioeconomic variables played an important role. Explanatory analyses show that the effect of education variables cannot be disentangled from the effect of socioeconomic variables. Furthermore, with economic growth averaging 4.9 percent per year from 2000-2012, a viable explanation is that the general improvement in economic conditions helped to raise the tide on all social indicators, including PISA performance.
format	Publications & Research :: Working Paper
author	World Bank Group
author_facet	World Bank Group
author_sort	World Bank Group
title	Education Quality and Opportunities for Skills Development in Albania : An Analysis of PISA 2000-2012 Results
title_short	Education Quality and Opportunities for Skills Development in Albania : An Analysis of PISA 2000-2012 Results
title_full	Education Quality and Opportunities for Skills Development in Albania : An Analysis of PISA 2000-2012 Results
title_fullStr	Education Quality and Opportunities for Skills Development in Albania : An Analysis of PISA 2000-2012 Results
title_full_unstemmed	Education Quality and Opportunities for Skills Development in Albania : An Analysis of PISA 2000-2012 Results
title_sort	education quality and opportunities for skills development in albania : an analysis of pisa 2000-2012 results
publisher	Washington, DC
publishDate	2014
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/01/20214469/education-quality-opportunities-skills-development-albania-analysis-pisa-2000-2012-results http://hdl.handle.net/10986/20424
_version_	1764445266717442048
spelling	okr-10986-204242021-04-23T14:03:55Z Education Quality and Opportunities for Skills Development in Albania : An Analysis of PISA 2000-2012 Results World Bank Group ABILITY OF STUDENTS ACCESS TO PRESCHOOL ASSESSMENT SYSTEM AVERAGE SCORE BASIC EDUCATION FOR CHILDREN BASIC TEXTS BETTER LEARNING BETTER SCHOOLS CHILD DEVELOPMENT CLASSROOM CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT COGNITIVE SKILLS COMPETENCIES COMPULSORY BASIC EDUCATION COMPULSORY EDUCATION COMPUTER SOFTWARE CURRICULAR REFORMS CURRICULUM DEGREES DIASPORA DISADVANTAGED STUDENTS DISCIPLINES DROPOUT RATES EARLY CHILDHOOD EARLY EDUCATION ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH EDUCATION LEVEL EDUCATION POLICY EDUCATION REFORM EDUCATION SECTOR EDUCATION STRATEGY EDUCATION SYSTEM EDUCATION SYSTEMS EDUCATION VARIABLES EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT EDUCATIONAL PERFORMANCE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMS EFFECT ON STUDENT LEARNING EFFECTIVE LEARNING EFFECTIVE TEACHING END OF GRADE ENROLLMENT ENROLLMENT RATE ENROLLMENT RATES ENTRANCE AGE ENTRANCE EXAM ETHNIC GROUPS EXAM FORMAL BASIC EDUCATION FORMAL SCHOOLING FUNCTIONAL LITERACY FUNCTIONALLY ILLITERATE GENDER DISPARITIES GENDER GAP GIRLS GRADUATION RATE GROSS ENROLLMENT GROSS ENROLLMENT RATE HIGH SCHOOL HIGHER EDUCATION INSTRUCTION INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS INTERNATIONAL STUDENT ASSESSMENT LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET PARTICIPATION LEARNING LEARNING OUTCOMES LEARNING STRATEGIES LEVELS OF EDUCATION LITERACY LITERACY ASPECTS LITERACY THRESHOLD LITERATURE LIVING STANDARDS LOWER SECONDARY MATH SCORES MATH SKILLS MATHEMATICAL CONCEPTS MATHEMATICAL PROBLEMS MATHEMATICS MEASURING EDUCATION QUALITY MOBILITY NATIONAL EDUCATION OLD STUDENTS OUT-OF-SCHOOL CHILDREN PARENTAL EDUCATION PEER INTERACTION PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS PERSISTENT INEQUALITIES PRESCHOOL EDUCATION PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY SCHOOL PRINCIPAL EFFECTIVENESS PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS PRIVATE SCHOOLS PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROFICIENCY PUBLIC EXPENDITURE PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ON EDUCATION PUBLIC EXPENDITURES PUBLIC EXPENDITURES ON EDUCATION PUBLIC SCHOOLS QUALIFIED TEACHERS QUALITY EDUCATION QUALITY OF EDUCATION QUALITY OF LIFE QUALITY OF TEACHING QUALITY PRESCHOOL QUALITY PRESCHOOL EDUCATION QUALITY SCHOOLS READERS READING READING ACHIEVEMENT READING SKILLS REASONING RURAL AREAS RURAL DISPARITIES RURAL SCHOOLS SCHOOL AUTONOMY SCHOOL LEVEL SCHOOL MAPPING SCHOOL NETWORK SCHOOL PRINCIPALS SCHOOL QUALITY SCHOOL READINESS SCHOOL STUDENTS SCHOOL-AGE SCHOOL-AGE POPULATION SCHOOLING SCIENCE LABORATORY EQUIPMENT SCIENCE STUDY SECONDARY EDUCATION SKILL ACQUISITION SKILLS ACQUISITION SKILLS DEVELOPMENT SMALL SCHOOLS SOCIAL COHESION SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT STUDENT ASSESSMENT STUDENT DATA STUDENT ENGAGEMENT STUDENT GROUPS STUDENT LEARNING STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES STUDENT PERFORMANCE STUDENT POPULATION STUDENT SCORES STUDENT-TEACHER RATIO SUBJECTS TEACHER TEACHER EFFECTIVENESS TEACHER RECRUITMENT TEACHING TEACHING PRACTICE TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TERTIARY EDUCATION TEST SCORES TEXTBOOK TEXTBOOK SUBSIDIES TEXTBOOKS UNIVERSITY STUDENTS UPPER SECONDARY UPPER SECONDARY EDUCATION VISUAL RESOURCES VOCATIONAL EDUCATION WORKERS YOUNG PEOPLE Albanian students improved their performance on PIS A1 reading, math, and science assessments between 2000 and 2012, a period over which access to upper secondary education expanded dramatically. The improvements are equivalent to a quarter to half a year of schooling in math and science and more than one year of schooling in reading. The improvements were realized despite substantial increases in enrollment and the attendant changes in the PISA sample composition. The gross enrollment rate in upper secondary education was only about 40 percent in 2000, but increased markedly to 72 percent in 2009 and 83 percent in 2012. A spike in enrollment usually results in lower average student performance due to the inclusion of poorer and traditionally excluded students. In the context of a rapidly expanding education system, it is remarkable that Albania managed to improve its average PISA scores. It is even more notable that the improvement came from significant advancements made by low-achieving students. Albania s improved PIS A scores coincide with the launch of intensive reform efforts in its education sector. The Government of Albania initiated the education sector strategy formulation process in 2002, which resulted in the 2004 passage of the National Education Strategy (NES) and the first attempt to develop a long-term roadmap for the sector. The NES served as the catalyst for a range of reforms, including: improved teacher recruitment, compensation, and management; a revised curriculum for basic and general upper secondary education; enhanced transparency and accountability through reform of the Matura, the national student assessment; reduced price and improved textbook quality through a reformed procurement process; and provision of textbook subsidies to the poorest households. While it is beyond the scope of this report to determine a causal relationship between the range of policy reforms and improved PISA scores, this report shows that socioeconomic variables played an important role. Explanatory analyses show that the effect of education variables cannot be disentangled from the effect of socioeconomic variables. Furthermore, with economic growth averaging 4.9 percent per year from 2000-2012, a viable explanation is that the general improvement in economic conditions helped to raise the tide on all social indicators, including PISA performance. 2014-10-14T16:42:24Z 2014-10-14T16:42:24Z 2012 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/01/20214469/education-quality-opportunities-skills-development-albania-analysis-pisa-2000-2012-results http://hdl.handle.net/10986/20424 English en_US CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Working Paper Publications & Research Europe and Central Asia ALBANIA

Education Quality and Opportunities for Skills Development in Albania : An Analysis of PISA 2000-2012 Results

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