Improving Transparency in Pharmaceutical Systems : Strengthening Critical Decision Points Against Corruption
This study presents a diagnostic framework and methodology to evaluate a pharmaceutical system s vulnerability to corruption and to determine which corrupt practices can have a major impact on the system s ultimate efficiency. We thus provide: (a)...
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| Format: | Working Paper |
| Language: | English en_US |
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World Bank, Washington, DC
2014
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2002/10/20201536/improving-transparency-pharmaceutical-systems-strengthening-critical-decision-points-against-corruption http://hdl.handle.net/10986/20426 |
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okr-10986-20426 |
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oai_dc |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
ABUSES ACCESS TO PHARMACEUTICALS ACCOUNTABILITY ACTIVE INGREDIENTS ADJUDICATION ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES ANALGESICS ANTIBIOTICS ANTICORRUPTION ANTICORRUPTION POLICIES AUDITOR AUDITS BASIC SERVICES BEST PRACTICES BRIBE BRIBES BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS CASH FLOW CERTIFICATION CITIZENS CIVIL SERVANT CLINICS COLLUSION COMPETITIVE BIDDING CONFIDENCE CORRUPT CORRUPT PRACTICES CORRUPTION COUNTERFEIT DRUGS CRIME CULTURAL PRACTICES DECISION MAKING DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISCLOSURE DISCRETION DISTRIBUTION OF PHARMACEUTICALS DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS DOCTORS DOSAGE FORMS DRUG CONSUMPTION DRUG PRESCRIBING DRUG PRICES DRUG SELECTION DRUG STORAGE DRUG TESTING DRUG UTILIZATION DRUGS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC POLICY EMPLOYMENT ENFORCEMENT OF LAWS EPIDEMIC EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE EQUILIBRIUM ESSENTIAL DRUGS ESSENTIAL MEDICINES EXPENDITURES FEASIBILITY FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONS FOREIGN CORRUPT PRACTICES FOREIGN CORRUPT PRACTICES ACT FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT GLOBAL POPULATION GOOD GOVERNANCE GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS GROUP DISCUSSIONS HEALTH CARE HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS HEALTH CARE PROVIDER HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS HEALTH CARE PROVISION HEALTH CARE SYSTEM HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS HEALTH COSTS HEALTH FACILITIES HEALTH INITIATIVES HEALTH INSURANCE HEALTH OFFICIALS HEALTH ORGANIZATION HEALTH POLICY HEALTH PROBLEMS HEALTH PROFESSIONALS HEALTH RESEARCH HEALTH SECTOR HEALTH SECTOR REFORM HEALTH SERVICES HEALTH SYSTEM HEALTH SYSTEMS HIDDEN COSTS HIV/AIDS HOSPITAL HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT HOSPITAL RECORDS HOSPITALS HOUSEHOLD INCOME HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ILLNESSES INCOME INDIVIDUAL HEALTH INDUCED DEMAND INFECTIOUS DISEASES INFORMATION SYSTEM INFORMATION SYSTEMS INTEGRITY INVENTORY CONTROL INVENTORY MANAGEMENT LAWS LEADERSHIP LIMITED RESOURCES MARKETING MEDIA MEDICAL CARE MEDICAL SPECIALTIES MEDICAL STORES MEDICAL SUPPLIES MEDICINE MEDICINES MINISTER MINISTRY OF HEALTH MONOPOLIES MONOPOLY MORAL HAZARD MORBIDITY MULTINATIONAL NATIONAL DRUG NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE NATIONAL HEALTH SYSTEM NDP NURSES NUTRITION OPERATING COSTS PACKAGING PATIENT PATIENT CARE PATIENT COMPLIANCE PATIENTS PENALTY PERCEPTION OF CORRUPTION PHARMACEUTICAL PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES PHARMACEUTICAL DISTRIBUTION PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY PHARMACEUTICAL LEGISLATION PHARMACEUTICAL POLICIES PHARMACEUTICAL PRICING PHARMACEUTICAL PROCUREMENT PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH PHARMACEUTICAL SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL SUPPLIES PHARMACEUTICAL SUPPLY PHARMACEUTICAL SYSTEMS PHARMACEUTICALS PHARMACISTS PHARMACY PHYSICIAN PHYSICIANS POLICY DECISIONS POLICY DEVELOPMENT POLICY MAKERS POLITICAL APPOINTEES POLLUTION PRESCRIPTIONS PRIMARY CARE PRIVATE PHARMACIES PROBABILITY PROCUREMENT PROCUREMENT OFFICES PROCUREMENTS PSYCHOTROPIC DRUGS PUBLIC FUNDS PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC HEALTH CARE PUBLIC HEALTH CARE SERVICES PUBLIC HEALTH EXPENDITURES PUBLIC HOSPITALS PUBLIC INFORMATION PUBLIC OFFICIAL PUBLIC OFFICIALS PUBLIC PHARMACIES PUBLIC POLICIES PUBLIC POLICY PUBLIC SERVICES PURCHASING QUALITY ASSURANCE QUALITY CONTROL QUANTITATIVE DATA RESOURCE ALLOCATION SAFETY STOCK SANCTIONS SANITATION SERVICE DELIVERY SOCIAL SECURITY SPECIFIC INCENTIVES SUPPLY CHAINS SUPPLY SYSTEMS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TECHNICAL SKILLS TENDERING THEFT THERAPEUTICS TRANSPARENCY TRANSPORTATION TREATMENT GUIDELINES USER FEES VACCINATION VULNERABILITY WASTE WORKERS WORKING CONDITIONS WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION |
| spellingShingle |
ABUSES ACCESS TO PHARMACEUTICALS ACCOUNTABILITY ACTIVE INGREDIENTS ADJUDICATION ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES ANALGESICS ANTIBIOTICS ANTICORRUPTION ANTICORRUPTION POLICIES AUDITOR AUDITS BASIC SERVICES BEST PRACTICES BRIBE BRIBES BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS CASH FLOW CERTIFICATION CITIZENS CIVIL SERVANT CLINICS COLLUSION COMPETITIVE BIDDING CONFIDENCE CORRUPT CORRUPT PRACTICES CORRUPTION COUNTERFEIT DRUGS CRIME CULTURAL PRACTICES DECISION MAKING DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISCLOSURE DISCRETION DISTRIBUTION OF PHARMACEUTICALS DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS DOCTORS DOSAGE FORMS DRUG CONSUMPTION DRUG PRESCRIBING DRUG PRICES DRUG SELECTION DRUG STORAGE DRUG TESTING DRUG UTILIZATION DRUGS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC POLICY EMPLOYMENT ENFORCEMENT OF LAWS EPIDEMIC EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE EQUILIBRIUM ESSENTIAL DRUGS ESSENTIAL MEDICINES EXPENDITURES FEASIBILITY FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONS FOREIGN CORRUPT PRACTICES FOREIGN CORRUPT PRACTICES ACT FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT GLOBAL POPULATION GOOD GOVERNANCE GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS GROUP DISCUSSIONS HEALTH CARE HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS HEALTH CARE PROVIDER HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS HEALTH CARE PROVISION HEALTH CARE SYSTEM HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS HEALTH COSTS HEALTH FACILITIES HEALTH INITIATIVES HEALTH INSURANCE HEALTH OFFICIALS HEALTH ORGANIZATION HEALTH POLICY HEALTH PROBLEMS HEALTH PROFESSIONALS HEALTH RESEARCH HEALTH SECTOR HEALTH SECTOR REFORM HEALTH SERVICES HEALTH SYSTEM HEALTH SYSTEMS HIDDEN COSTS HIV/AIDS HOSPITAL HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT HOSPITAL RECORDS HOSPITALS HOUSEHOLD INCOME HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ILLNESSES INCOME INDIVIDUAL HEALTH INDUCED DEMAND INFECTIOUS DISEASES INFORMATION SYSTEM INFORMATION SYSTEMS INTEGRITY INVENTORY CONTROL INVENTORY MANAGEMENT LAWS LEADERSHIP LIMITED RESOURCES MARKETING MEDIA MEDICAL CARE MEDICAL SPECIALTIES MEDICAL STORES MEDICAL SUPPLIES MEDICINE MEDICINES MINISTER MINISTRY OF HEALTH MONOPOLIES MONOPOLY MORAL HAZARD MORBIDITY MULTINATIONAL NATIONAL DRUG NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE NATIONAL HEALTH SYSTEM NDP NURSES NUTRITION OPERATING COSTS PACKAGING PATIENT PATIENT CARE PATIENT COMPLIANCE PATIENTS PENALTY PERCEPTION OF CORRUPTION PHARMACEUTICAL PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES PHARMACEUTICAL DISTRIBUTION PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY PHARMACEUTICAL LEGISLATION PHARMACEUTICAL POLICIES PHARMACEUTICAL PRICING PHARMACEUTICAL PROCUREMENT PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH PHARMACEUTICAL SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL SUPPLIES PHARMACEUTICAL SUPPLY PHARMACEUTICAL SYSTEMS PHARMACEUTICALS PHARMACISTS PHARMACY PHYSICIAN PHYSICIANS POLICY DECISIONS POLICY DEVELOPMENT POLICY MAKERS POLITICAL APPOINTEES POLLUTION PRESCRIPTIONS PRIMARY CARE PRIVATE PHARMACIES PROBABILITY PROCUREMENT PROCUREMENT OFFICES PROCUREMENTS PSYCHOTROPIC DRUGS PUBLIC FUNDS PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC HEALTH CARE PUBLIC HEALTH CARE SERVICES PUBLIC HEALTH EXPENDITURES PUBLIC HOSPITALS PUBLIC INFORMATION PUBLIC OFFICIAL PUBLIC OFFICIALS PUBLIC PHARMACIES PUBLIC POLICIES PUBLIC POLICY PUBLIC SERVICES PURCHASING QUALITY ASSURANCE QUALITY CONTROL QUANTITATIVE DATA RESOURCE ALLOCATION SAFETY STOCK SANCTIONS SANITATION SERVICE DELIVERY SOCIAL SECURITY SPECIFIC INCENTIVES SUPPLY CHAINS SUPPLY SYSTEMS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TECHNICAL SKILLS TENDERING THEFT THERAPEUTICS TRANSPARENCY TRANSPORTATION TREATMENT GUIDELINES USER FEES VACCINATION VULNERABILITY WASTE WORKERS WORKING CONDITIONS WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION Cohen, Jillian Clare Cercone, James A. Macaya, Roman Improving Transparency in Pharmaceutical Systems : Strengthening Critical Decision Points Against Corruption |
| geographic_facet |
Latin America & Caribbean |
| description |
This study presents a diagnostic
framework and methodology to evaluate a pharmaceutical
system s vulnerability to corruption and to determine which
corrupt practices can have a major impact on the system s
ultimate efficiency. We thus provide: (a) a systematic and
quantifiable assessment of the extent to which a country s
pharmaceutical system is vulnerable to corrupt practices;
and (b) the identification of potential actions to increase
the system s resistance to corruption, and ultimately,
improve access of the population to good quality, essential
medicines. The diagnostic framework and methodology permit
users to identify key decision points in the pharmaceutical
supply and distribution system (registration, selection,
procurement, distribution, service delivery and use); assess
the extent to which a country s current policies and
practices at each of these key decision points make the
system vulnerable to corruption; and understand the range of
options that could reduce this vulnerability. This
diagnostic tool has been designed for use by World Bank
health specialists involved in health lending operations
that include pharmaceutical components, and their national
counterparts to help them identify points of vulnerability
in the pharmaceutical system, address these points, and thus
help ensure that pharmaceutical expenditures are maximized.
While developed in the context of the health systems of
Latin America and the Caribbean (and implemented in a pilot
study in Costa Rica), the methodology can be modified with
ease so that it is applicable to other regions. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Working Paper |
| author |
Cohen, Jillian Clare Cercone, James A. Macaya, Roman |
| author_facet |
Cohen, Jillian Clare Cercone, James A. Macaya, Roman |
| author_sort |
Cohen, Jillian Clare |
| title |
Improving Transparency in Pharmaceutical Systems : Strengthening Critical Decision Points Against Corruption |
| title_short |
Improving Transparency in Pharmaceutical Systems : Strengthening Critical Decision Points Against Corruption |
| title_full |
Improving Transparency in Pharmaceutical Systems : Strengthening Critical Decision Points Against Corruption |
| title_fullStr |
Improving Transparency in Pharmaceutical Systems : Strengthening Critical Decision Points Against Corruption |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Improving Transparency in Pharmaceutical Systems : Strengthening Critical Decision Points Against Corruption |
| title_sort |
improving transparency in pharmaceutical systems : strengthening critical decision points against corruption |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2014 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2002/10/20201536/improving-transparency-pharmaceutical-systems-strengthening-critical-decision-points-against-corruption http://hdl.handle.net/10986/20426 |
| _version_ |
1764445272776114176 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-204262021-04-23T14:03:55Z Improving Transparency in Pharmaceutical Systems : Strengthening Critical Decision Points Against Corruption Cohen, Jillian Clare Cercone, James A. Macaya, Roman ABUSES ACCESS TO PHARMACEUTICALS ACCOUNTABILITY ACTIVE INGREDIENTS ADJUDICATION ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES ANALGESICS ANTIBIOTICS ANTICORRUPTION ANTICORRUPTION POLICIES AUDITOR AUDITS BASIC SERVICES BEST PRACTICES BRIBE BRIBES BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS CASH FLOW CERTIFICATION CITIZENS CIVIL SERVANT CLINICS COLLUSION COMPETITIVE BIDDING CONFIDENCE CORRUPT CORRUPT PRACTICES CORRUPTION COUNTERFEIT DRUGS CRIME CULTURAL PRACTICES DECISION MAKING DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISCLOSURE DISCRETION DISTRIBUTION OF PHARMACEUTICALS DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS DOCTORS DOSAGE FORMS DRUG CONSUMPTION DRUG PRESCRIBING DRUG PRICES DRUG SELECTION DRUG STORAGE DRUG TESTING DRUG UTILIZATION DRUGS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC POLICY EMPLOYMENT ENFORCEMENT OF LAWS EPIDEMIC EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE EQUILIBRIUM ESSENTIAL DRUGS ESSENTIAL MEDICINES EXPENDITURES FEASIBILITY FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONS FOREIGN CORRUPT PRACTICES FOREIGN CORRUPT PRACTICES ACT FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT GLOBAL POPULATION GOOD GOVERNANCE GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS GROUP DISCUSSIONS HEALTH CARE HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS HEALTH CARE PROVIDER HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS HEALTH CARE PROVISION HEALTH CARE SYSTEM HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS HEALTH COSTS HEALTH FACILITIES HEALTH INITIATIVES HEALTH INSURANCE HEALTH OFFICIALS HEALTH ORGANIZATION HEALTH POLICY HEALTH PROBLEMS HEALTH PROFESSIONALS HEALTH RESEARCH HEALTH SECTOR HEALTH SECTOR REFORM HEALTH SERVICES HEALTH SYSTEM HEALTH SYSTEMS HIDDEN COSTS HIV/AIDS HOSPITAL HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT HOSPITAL RECORDS HOSPITALS HOUSEHOLD INCOME HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ILLNESSES INCOME INDIVIDUAL HEALTH INDUCED DEMAND INFECTIOUS DISEASES INFORMATION SYSTEM INFORMATION SYSTEMS INTEGRITY INVENTORY CONTROL INVENTORY MANAGEMENT LAWS LEADERSHIP LIMITED RESOURCES MARKETING MEDIA MEDICAL CARE MEDICAL SPECIALTIES MEDICAL STORES MEDICAL SUPPLIES MEDICINE MEDICINES MINISTER MINISTRY OF HEALTH MONOPOLIES MONOPOLY MORAL HAZARD MORBIDITY MULTINATIONAL NATIONAL DRUG NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE NATIONAL HEALTH SYSTEM NDP NURSES NUTRITION OPERATING COSTS PACKAGING PATIENT PATIENT CARE PATIENT COMPLIANCE PATIENTS PENALTY PERCEPTION OF CORRUPTION PHARMACEUTICAL PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES PHARMACEUTICAL DISTRIBUTION PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY PHARMACEUTICAL LEGISLATION PHARMACEUTICAL POLICIES PHARMACEUTICAL PRICING PHARMACEUTICAL PROCUREMENT PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH PHARMACEUTICAL SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL SUPPLIES PHARMACEUTICAL SUPPLY PHARMACEUTICAL SYSTEMS PHARMACEUTICALS PHARMACISTS PHARMACY PHYSICIAN PHYSICIANS POLICY DECISIONS POLICY DEVELOPMENT POLICY MAKERS POLITICAL APPOINTEES POLLUTION PRESCRIPTIONS PRIMARY CARE PRIVATE PHARMACIES PROBABILITY PROCUREMENT PROCUREMENT OFFICES PROCUREMENTS PSYCHOTROPIC DRUGS PUBLIC FUNDS PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC HEALTH CARE PUBLIC HEALTH CARE SERVICES PUBLIC HEALTH EXPENDITURES PUBLIC HOSPITALS PUBLIC INFORMATION PUBLIC OFFICIAL PUBLIC OFFICIALS PUBLIC PHARMACIES PUBLIC POLICIES PUBLIC POLICY PUBLIC SERVICES PURCHASING QUALITY ASSURANCE QUALITY CONTROL QUANTITATIVE DATA RESOURCE ALLOCATION SAFETY STOCK SANCTIONS SANITATION SERVICE DELIVERY SOCIAL SECURITY SPECIFIC INCENTIVES SUPPLY CHAINS SUPPLY SYSTEMS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT TECHNICAL SKILLS TENDERING THEFT THERAPEUTICS TRANSPARENCY TRANSPORTATION TREATMENT GUIDELINES USER FEES VACCINATION VULNERABILITY WASTE WORKERS WORKING CONDITIONS WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION This study presents a diagnostic framework and methodology to evaluate a pharmaceutical system s vulnerability to corruption and to determine which corrupt practices can have a major impact on the system s ultimate efficiency. We thus provide: (a) a systematic and quantifiable assessment of the extent to which a country s pharmaceutical system is vulnerable to corrupt practices; and (b) the identification of potential actions to increase the system s resistance to corruption, and ultimately, improve access of the population to good quality, essential medicines. The diagnostic framework and methodology permit users to identify key decision points in the pharmaceutical supply and distribution system (registration, selection, procurement, distribution, service delivery and use); assess the extent to which a country s current policies and practices at each of these key decision points make the system vulnerable to corruption; and understand the range of options that could reduce this vulnerability. This diagnostic tool has been designed for use by World Bank health specialists involved in health lending operations that include pharmaceutical components, and their national counterparts to help them identify points of vulnerability in the pharmaceutical system, address these points, and thus help ensure that pharmaceutical expenditures are maximized. While developed in the context of the health systems of Latin America and the Caribbean (and implemented in a pilot study in Costa Rica), the methodology can be modified with ease so that it is applicable to other regions. 2014-10-14T17:00:56Z 2014-10-14T17:00:56Z 2002-10 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2002/10/20201536/improving-transparency-pharmaceutical-systems-strengthening-critical-decision-points-against-corruption http://hdl.handle.net/10986/20426 English en_US CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Working Paper Publications & Research Latin America & Caribbean |