Albania Public Finance Review : Part 2. Improving the Efficiency and Quality of Public Spending

Albania Public Finance Review : Part 2. Improving the Efficiency and Quality of Public Spending

Albania's rapid growth in the decade up to the 2008 global financial crisis propelled it to middle-income status and helped to reduce poverty. The global financial crisis in 2008 slammed the brakes on Albania's largely domestic-demand-dri...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	World Bank
Format:	Public Expenditure Review
Language:	English en_US
Published:	Washington, DC 2014
Subjects:	ACADEMIC PROGRAMS ACCESS TO EDUCATION ACCOUNTING ACCREDITATION AGED AVERAGE SCORE BASIC COMPETENCIES BASIC EDUCATION BASIC EDUCATION FOR CHILDREN CAREER CAREER DEVELOPMENT CIVIL SERVICE CLASS SIZE CLASS SIZES CLASSROOM CLASSROOMS COMMUNICABLE DISEASES COMPULSORY BASIC EDUCATION COMPULSORY EDUCATION CORPORATE INCOME TAX CROWDED CLASSROOMS CURRICULA CURRICULUM CURRICULUM REFORM DECISION MAKING DEGREE PROGRAMS DISABILITIES DROPOUT RATES EDUCATION BUDGET EDUCATION DEPARTMENTS EDUCATION FACILITIES EDUCATION MANAGEMENT EDUCATION OFFICES EDUCATION POLICIES EDUCATION POLICY EDUCATION REFORMS EDUCATION SECTOR EDUCATION STATISTICS EDUCATION SYSTEM EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES EDUCATIONAL POLICIES ELECTRICITY ENROLLMENT DATA ENROLLMENT RATE ENROLLMENT RATES ENROLLMENT RATIO ENROLLMENT STATISTICS ENTRANCE EXAM EQUITY IN EDUCATION EXAM EXPENDITURES EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES FAMILIES FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT FOREIGN LANGUAGES FUNCTIONAL READING GENDER PARITY GER GIRLS GOVERNMENT SPENDING GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT GROSS ENROLLMENT GROSS ENROLLMENT RATE GROSS ENROLLMENT RATES GROSS ENROLLMENT RATIO HEALTH OUTCOMES HEALTH SERVICES HEALTH SPENDING HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE HIGHER EDUCATION HIGHER EDUCATION ENROLLMENT HIGHER ENROLLMENT HIGHER GRADES HOSPITALS HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT HUMAN RESOURCE PLANNING HUMAN RESOURCES HYPERTENSION ILLITERACY INFLATION INFORMATION SYSTEMS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSURANCE INVESTMENT IN EDUCATION JOB SECURITY LABOR FORCE LEADERSHIP LEARNING LEARNING OUTCOMES LEVEL OF EDUCATION LEVELS OF EDUCATION LIFE EXPECTANCY LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH LITERACY LITERACY THRESHOLD LOCAL GOVERNMENTS MEDICINES MINISTRIES OF FINANCE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION MORBIDITY MORTALITY MULTIGRADE CLASSES MUNICIPALITIES NATIONAL BUDGET NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS NER NET ENROLLMENT NET ENROLLMENT RATE NET ENROLLMENT RATIO NUMBER OF PUPILS NUMBER OF STUDENTS NUMBER OF TEACHERS OUTPATIENT CARE PATIENT PERFORMANCE INDICATORS PHYSICIANS PREPRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY ENROLLMENT PRIMARY HEALTH CARE PRIMARY HEALTHCARE PRIMARY LOWER SECONDARY PRIVATE COLLEGES PRIVATE EDUCATION PRIVATE HIGHER EDUCATION PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS PRIVATE SCHOOL PRIVATE SCHOOL STUDENTS PRIVATE SCHOOLS PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATIONS PROVISIONS PUBLIC PUBLIC DEBT PUBLIC FINANCE PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS PUBLIC INVESTMENT PUBLIC INVESTMENTS PUBLIC SCHOOLS PUBLIC SECTOR PUBLIC SECTOR EMPLOYMENT PUBLIC SERVANTS PUBLIC SERVICE PUBLIC SPENDING QUALITY ASSURANCE QUALITY HIGHER EDUCATION QUALITY OF EDUCATION QUALITY OF HIGHER EDUCATION QUALITY STANDARDS READING REGIONAL EDUCATION REGIONAL UNIVERSITIES RESOURCE ALLOCATION ROADS RURAL AREAS SALARY INCREASES SAVINGS SCHOOL BOARDS SCHOOL ENROLLMENT SCHOOL OPERATIONS SCHOOL YEAR SCHOOL-AGE SCHOOL-AGE POPULATION SCHOOLING SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY SCHOOLS SEVERE DISABILITY SKILLED LABOR SKILLS REQUIREMENTS SMOKING SOCIAL SERVICES SOCIAL WELFARE SPORTS STATE OWNED ENTERPRISES STUDENT ASSESSMENT STUDENT ASSESSMENTS STUDENT CHARACTERISTICS STUDENT DATA STUDENT OUTCOMES STUDENT PERFORMANCE STUDENT POPULATION STUDENT-TEACHER RATIOS TAXATION TEACHER TEACHER CERTIFICATION TEACHER QUALIFICATION TEACHER SALARIES TEACHER TRAINING TEACHERS TEACHING TEACHING MATERIALS TERTIARY EDUCATION TEXTBOOK TRAINING COURSES TRANSPARENCY UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATE UNIVERSAL COVERAGE UNIVERSITY EDUCATION UNIVERSITY ENTRANCE UNIVERSITY ENTRANCE EXAMINATIONS UNIVERSITY STUDENTS UNIVERSITY TEACHERS UTILITIES VOCATIONAL EDUCATION VULNERABLE CHILDREN WORKERS
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2014/05/20233061/albania-public-finance-review-vol-2-2 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/20442

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Summary:	Albania's rapid growth in the decade up to the 2008 global financial crisis propelled it to middle-income status and helped to reduce poverty. The global financial crisis in 2008 slammed the brakes on Albania's largely domestic-demand-driven growth. The government has accumulated sizable arrears in payments for public works and value-added tax (VAT) refunds. In a baseline scenario of no policy reforms, Albania's public debt-to-gross domestic product (GDP) ratio is projected to reach 73.5 percent in 2015 and stay above 72 percent over the medium term. Empirical evidence confirms that high public debt depresses economic activity and significantly increases the probability of default. This report examines closely the opportunities for fiscal consolidation on both the revenue and expenditure sides. Combined effect of structural reforms will reduce Albania's public debt to GDP ratio significantly over the medium term. It can in parallel rebalance its capital spending, particularly in transport, toward maintenance to support growth. Albania needs to strengthen its institutions to reinforce financial discipline and strengthen fiscal policy. Institutional reforms are particularly needed with regard to public financial management (PFM) and introducing a fiscal rule to anchor policy over the medium term.