Collective Action and Women's Agency : A Background Paper

Following the findings and policy messages of the World Development Report (WDR) on gender equality and development 2012, the World Bankapos;s gender and development group are seeking to deepen the evidence base on promoting womenapos;s agency as a...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Evans, Alison, Nambiar, Divya
Format:	Working Paper
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2014
Subjects:	ABORTION ACCESS TO CONTRACEPTION ACCESS TO EMPLOYMENT ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE ACCESS TO MARKETS ADOLESCENT BOYS ADOLESCENT GIRLS ADULT EDUCATION ADULT LITERACY AGE AT MARRIAGE ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION ASSISTANCE TO VICTIMS BENEFITS FOR WOMEN BOTH SEXES CAPACITY BUILDING CAREGIVERS CHILD MARRIAGE CHILD MARRIAGES CITIZENS CITIZENSHIP CIVIC PARTICIPATION CIVIL RIGHTS CONFLICT RESOLUTION CONTRACEPTIVE SERVICES CONTROL OVER RESOURCES DEMOCRACY DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE DEPENDENCE ON MEN DEVELOPMENT INTERVENTIONS DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES DISCRIMINATION DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN DISCRIMINATORY LAWS DIVORCE DOMESTIC VIOLENCE EARLY MARRIAGE ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMIC RESOURCES EDUCATED WOMEN EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ENHANCING WOMEN ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION EQUAL RIGHTS EQUAL TREATMENT EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY ETHNIC GROUP FAMILY FORMATION FEMALE EDUCATION FEMALE STUDENT FEMINIST FGM FOOD SECURITY FORMS OF DISCRIMINATION GENDER GENDER BUDGETS GENDER DIFFERENCES GENDER DISPARITIES GENDER EQUALITY GENDER INEQUALITY GENDER ISSUES GENDER NEUTRAL GENDER NORMS GENDER QUOTAS GENDER RELATIONS GENDER VIOLENCE GENOCIDE GLOBAL AGENDA GLOBAL CAMPAIGN GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS GRASSROOTS WOMEN HARMFUL TRADITIONAL PRACTICES HEALTH FACILITIES HEALTH OFFICIALS HOUSEHOLD DUTIES HOUSEHOLD WORK HUMAN RIGHTS HUMAN RIGHTS PROTECTION HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS ILLITERACY INCOME SECURITY INCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIES INDIGENOUS WOMEN INEQUALITIES BETWEEN MEN INEQUITIES INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES INHERITANCE INTERNATIONAL ACTION INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS KINSHIP LABOUR FORCE LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOUR MARKET LAND OWNERSHIP LEGAL RIGHTS LEGISLATORS LIFE SKILLS LIVELIHOOD OPPORTUNITIES LOCAL AUTHORITIES MALE PARTNERS MATERIAL WEALTH MATERNAL DEATHS MATERNAL HEALTH MATERNAL HEALTH SERVICES MATERNAL MORTALITY MIGRANT MIGRANT WOMEN MIGRANT WORKERS MINORITY MORAL SUPPORT MOTHER NATIONAL BOUNDARIES NATIONAL COMMITTEE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS NATIONAL LAWS NATIONAL LEGISLATION NATIONAL LEGISLATURES NATIONAL LEVEL NATIONAL POLICIES NATURAL RESOURCE NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT NATURAL RESOURCES NUMBER OF WOMEN NUTRITION OLDER WOMEN PARLIAMENTARY UNION PARTICIPATION BY WOMEN PERSISTENT POVERTY POLICY CHANGE POLICY MAKERS POLICY PROCESS POLICY REGIME POLICY-MAKING PROCESS POLITICAL CHANGE POLITICAL DECISION POLITICAL PARTICIPATION POLITICAL PARTIES POLITICAL PARTY POLITICAL RIGHTS PRODUCTIVITY PROGRESS PUBLIC OPINION PUBLIC POLICY PUBLIC SPHERE QUALITY OF LIFE RAPE REGIONAL NETWORKS REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH SERVICES REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS RESPECT RIGHT OF WOMEN RIGHTS OF WOMEN ROLE MODELS ROLE OF WOMEN RURAL WOMEN SANITATION SECONDARY SCHOOL SELF-CONFIDENCE SELF-ESTEEM SELF-RELIANCE SENSITIVE ISSUES SERVICE DELIVERY SERVICE PROVIDERS SERVICE PROVISION SEX SEXUAL HARASSMENT SEXUAL VIOLENCE SHADOW REPORTS SMALL LOANS SOCIAL CHANGE SOCIAL CLASS SOCIAL COHESION SOCIAL INEQUALITY SOCIAL ISSUES SOCIAL MOBILITY SOCIAL MOVEMENTS SOCIAL NORMS SOCIAL POLICY SOCIAL PRESSURE SOCIAL SECURITY SOCIAL SERVICES SOCIAL SPHERE SOCIAL STATUS SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION SOCIETAL LEVEL SOCIETAL NORMS SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS SON PREFERENCE SPOUSES STATE GOVERNMENTS STATUS OF WOMEN TECHNICAL CAPACITY TOLERANCE TRADE UNIONS TREATY UNEMPLOYMENT UNION MEMBERS UNMARRIED WOMEN VICTIMS VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN VOCATIONAL TRAINING VULNERABILITY VULNERABLE POPULATIONS WAR WDR WOMAN WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT WOMEN IN PARLIAMENT WOMEN IN SOCIETY WOMEN LEADERS WOMEN MIGRANTS WOMEN WORKERS WORKING CONDITIONS YOUNG GIRLS YOUNG WOMEN
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/01/20432423/collective-action-womens-agency-background-paper http://hdl.handle.net/10986/21032

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Summary:	Following the findings and policy messages of the World Development Report (WDR) on gender equality and development 2012, the World Bankapos;s gender and development group are seeking to deepen the evidence base on promoting womenapos;s agency as a basis for enhanced action on gender equality. A component of this work is a review of evidence on the relationship between collective action and womenapos;s agency: whether and how different forms of collective action enhance womenapos;s ability to exercise agency in key domains and the operational implications for Bank policies and programs. The paper seeks to clarify the conceptual terrain of collective action; identify the links with womenapos;s agency; and draw lessons from the evidence on what works and what does not for boosting development and gender-equality outcomes. It draws attention on the somewhat smaller body of empirical research examining the mechanics of collective action and its links with economic and social wellbeing, particularly within developing societies. The findings are complex, but the overall conclusions are consistent with an emerging body of literature now questioning participation as a silver bullet in development and calling for more flexible, context-sensitive approaches for promoting agency, and empowerment.

Collective Action and Women's Agency : A Background Paper

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