Born with a Silver Spoon : Inequality in Educational Achievement across the World

This paper assesses inequality of opportunity in educational achievement using the Human Opportunity Index methodology on data from the Programme for International Student Assessment. The findings suggest that there are large inequalities in learni...

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Main Authors:	Balcazar, Carlos Felipe, Narayan, Ambar, Tiwari, Sailesh
Format:	Policy Research Working Paper
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank Group, Washington, DC 2015
Subjects:	ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT ACADEMIC OUTCOMES ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE ACHIEVEMENTS ADULT LIFE ADULTS ARITHMETIC ARITHMETIC MEAN AVERAGE EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT BASIC LEARNING BASIC LEARNING OPPORTUNITIES BASIC SERVICES BASIC SKILLS CAREERS CLASSROOMS COGNITIVE TEST COHORT OF STUDENTS COUNTRY LEVEL CURRICULA DATA SET DECOMPOSITION RESULTS DEPENDENT VARIABLE DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS EARLY CHILDHOOD EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC INEQUALITY ECONOMIC REVIEW ECONOMICS OF EDUCATION EDUCATION DIMENSION EDUCATION LEVEL EDUCATION POLICY EDUCATION SYSTEM EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTS EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES EDUCATIONAL SERVICES EDUCATIONAL SOFTWARE EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES ENROLLMENT ETHICS FORMAL SCHOOLING FUTURE EDUCATION FUTURE RESEARCH GENDER DIFFERENCES GENDER EQUALITY GIRLS HIGH CORRELATION HIGHER LEVELS OF EDUCATION HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IMMIGRATION STATUS INCOME INCOME INEQUALITY INDEXES INDIVIDUAL COUNTRIES INEQUALITY INEQUALITY INDEX INEQUALITY MEASURE INEQUALITY MEASURES INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LEARNING LEARNING ACHIEVEMENTS LEARNING OPPORTUNITIES LEARNING OUTCOMES LECTURES LET LEVEL OF EDUCATION LEVELS OF EDUCATION LIFE EXPECTANCY LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH LITERACY LITERACY SKILLS LITERATURE MEASURING INEQUALITY MINIMUM LEVEL MOBILITY NEGATIVE CORRELATION NEGATIVE RELATIONSHIP OPEN ACCESS PAPERS PARENT EDUCATION PARENTAL EDUCATION PERFORMANCE IN MATHEMATICS POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY RESEARCH POSITIVE RELATIONSHIP POVERTY CHANGES PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOL EDUCATION PROFICIENCY PUBLIC EXPENDITURE PUBLIC POLICY PUBLIC SPENDING QUALITY OF EDUCATION READING READING ACHIEVEMENT READING LEVEL READING SKILLS REDISTRIBUTIVE POLICIES REDUCING INEQUALITY REFERENCE BOOKS SANITATION SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SCHOOL CURRICULA SCHOOL EDUCATION SCHOOL ENTERING AGE SCHOOL QUALITY SCHOOL YEARS SCHOOLING SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY SCHOOL SOCIAL OUTCOMES STUDENT ASSESSMENT STUDENT PERFORMANCE TERTIARY EDUCATION TEST SCORES UNEQUAL ACCESS
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/01/23172052/born-silver-spoon-inequality-educational-achievement-across-world http://hdl.handle.net/10986/21149

id	okr-10986-21149
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	okr-10986-211492021-04-23T14:04:01Z Born with a Silver Spoon : Inequality in Educational Achievement across the World Balcazar, Carlos Felipe Narayan, Ambar Tiwari, Sailesh ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT ACADEMIC OUTCOMES ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE ACHIEVEMENTS ADULT LIFE ADULTS ARITHMETIC ARITHMETIC MEAN AVERAGE EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT BASIC LEARNING BASIC LEARNING OPPORTUNITIES BASIC SERVICES BASIC SKILLS CAREERS CLASSROOMS COGNITIVE TEST COHORT OF STUDENTS COUNTRY LEVEL CURRICULA DATA SET DECOMPOSITION RESULTS DEPENDENT VARIABLE DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS EARLY CHILDHOOD EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC INEQUALITY ECONOMIC REVIEW ECONOMICS OF EDUCATION EDUCATION DIMENSION EDUCATION LEVEL EDUCATION POLICY EDUCATION SYSTEM EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTS EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES EDUCATIONAL SERVICES EDUCATIONAL SOFTWARE EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES ENROLLMENT ETHICS FORMAL SCHOOLING FUTURE EDUCATION FUTURE RESEARCH GENDER DIFFERENCES GENDER EQUALITY GIRLS HIGH CORRELATION HIGHER LEVELS OF EDUCATION HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IMMIGRATION STATUS INCOME INCOME INEQUALITY INDEXES INDIVIDUAL COUNTRIES INEQUALITY INEQUALITY INDEX INEQUALITY MEASURE INEQUALITY MEASURES INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LEARNING LEARNING ACHIEVEMENTS LEARNING OPPORTUNITIES LEARNING OUTCOMES LECTURES LET LEVEL OF EDUCATION LEVELS OF EDUCATION LIFE EXPECTANCY LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH LITERACY LITERACY SKILLS LITERATURE MEASURING INEQUALITY MINIMUM LEVEL MOBILITY NEGATIVE CORRELATION NEGATIVE RELATIONSHIP OPEN ACCESS PAPERS PARENT EDUCATION PARENTAL EDUCATION PERFORMANCE IN MATHEMATICS POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY RESEARCH POSITIVE RELATIONSHIP POVERTY CHANGES PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOL EDUCATION PROFICIENCY PUBLIC EXPENDITURE PUBLIC POLICY PUBLIC SPENDING QUALITY OF EDUCATION READING READING ACHIEVEMENT READING LEVEL READING SKILLS REDISTRIBUTIVE POLICIES REDUCING INEQUALITY REFERENCE BOOKS SANITATION SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SCHOOL CURRICULA SCHOOL EDUCATION SCHOOL ENTERING AGE SCHOOL QUALITY SCHOOL YEARS SCHOOLING SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY SCHOOL SOCIAL OUTCOMES STUDENT ASSESSMENT STUDENT PERFORMANCE TERTIARY EDUCATION TEST SCORES UNEQUAL ACCESS This paper assesses inequality of opportunity in educational achievement using the Human Opportunity Index methodology on data from the Programme for International Student Assessment. The findings suggest that there are large inequalities in learning outcomes as measured by demonstrated proficiency in Programme for International Student Assessment test scores in math, reading, and science. Differences in wealth, parental education, and area of residence explain a bulk of this inequality in most of the countries in the sample. Consistent with what has been documented previously in the literature, the paper also finds a strong and stable correlation between inequality of opportunity and public spending on school education. An exploration of the changes in inequality of opportunity between the 2009 and 2012 rounds of the Programme for International Student Assessment, using parametric and nonparametric techniques, suggests that there has been little progress. 2015-01-07T22:15:10Z 2015-01-07T22:15:10Z 2015-01 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/01/23172052/born-silver-spoon-inequality-educational-achievement-across-world http://hdl.handle.net/10986/21149 English en_US Policy Research Working Paper;No. 7152 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank Group, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Publications & Research
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English en_US
topic	ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT ACADEMIC OUTCOMES ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE ACHIEVEMENTS ADULT LIFE ADULTS ARITHMETIC ARITHMETIC MEAN AVERAGE EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT BASIC LEARNING BASIC LEARNING OPPORTUNITIES BASIC SERVICES BASIC SKILLS CAREERS CLASSROOMS COGNITIVE TEST COHORT OF STUDENTS COUNTRY LEVEL CURRICULA DATA SET DECOMPOSITION RESULTS DEPENDENT VARIABLE DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS EARLY CHILDHOOD EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC INEQUALITY ECONOMIC REVIEW ECONOMICS OF EDUCATION EDUCATION DIMENSION EDUCATION LEVEL EDUCATION POLICY EDUCATION SYSTEM EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTS EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES EDUCATIONAL SERVICES EDUCATIONAL SOFTWARE EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES ENROLLMENT ETHICS FORMAL SCHOOLING FUTURE EDUCATION FUTURE RESEARCH GENDER DIFFERENCES GENDER EQUALITY GIRLS HIGH CORRELATION HIGHER LEVELS OF EDUCATION HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IMMIGRATION STATUS INCOME INCOME INEQUALITY INDEXES INDIVIDUAL COUNTRIES INEQUALITY INEQUALITY INDEX INEQUALITY MEASURE INEQUALITY MEASURES INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LEARNING LEARNING ACHIEVEMENTS LEARNING OPPORTUNITIES LEARNING OUTCOMES LECTURES LET LEVEL OF EDUCATION LEVELS OF EDUCATION LIFE EXPECTANCY LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH LITERACY LITERACY SKILLS LITERATURE MEASURING INEQUALITY MINIMUM LEVEL MOBILITY NEGATIVE CORRELATION NEGATIVE RELATIONSHIP OPEN ACCESS PAPERS PARENT EDUCATION PARENTAL EDUCATION PERFORMANCE IN MATHEMATICS POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY RESEARCH POSITIVE RELATIONSHIP POVERTY CHANGES PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOL EDUCATION PROFICIENCY PUBLIC EXPENDITURE PUBLIC POLICY PUBLIC SPENDING QUALITY OF EDUCATION READING READING ACHIEVEMENT READING LEVEL READING SKILLS REDISTRIBUTIVE POLICIES REDUCING INEQUALITY REFERENCE BOOKS SANITATION SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SCHOOL CURRICULA SCHOOL EDUCATION SCHOOL ENTERING AGE SCHOOL QUALITY SCHOOL YEARS SCHOOLING SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY SCHOOL SOCIAL OUTCOMES STUDENT ASSESSMENT STUDENT PERFORMANCE TERTIARY EDUCATION TEST SCORES UNEQUAL ACCESS
spellingShingle	ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT ACADEMIC OUTCOMES ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE ACHIEVEMENTS ADULT LIFE ADULTS ARITHMETIC ARITHMETIC MEAN AVERAGE EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT BASIC LEARNING BASIC LEARNING OPPORTUNITIES BASIC SERVICES BASIC SKILLS CAREERS CLASSROOMS COGNITIVE TEST COHORT OF STUDENTS COUNTRY LEVEL CURRICULA DATA SET DECOMPOSITION RESULTS DEPENDENT VARIABLE DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS EARLY CHILDHOOD EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC INEQUALITY ECONOMIC REVIEW ECONOMICS OF EDUCATION EDUCATION DIMENSION EDUCATION LEVEL EDUCATION POLICY EDUCATION SYSTEM EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTS EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES EDUCATIONAL SERVICES EDUCATIONAL SOFTWARE EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES ENROLLMENT ETHICS FORMAL SCHOOLING FUTURE EDUCATION FUTURE RESEARCH GENDER DIFFERENCES GENDER EQUALITY GIRLS HIGH CORRELATION HIGHER LEVELS OF EDUCATION HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT IMMIGRATION STATUS INCOME INCOME INEQUALITY INDEXES INDIVIDUAL COUNTRIES INEQUALITY INEQUALITY INDEX INEQUALITY MEASURE INEQUALITY MEASURES INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LEARNING LEARNING ACHIEVEMENTS LEARNING OPPORTUNITIES LEARNING OUTCOMES LECTURES LET LEVEL OF EDUCATION LEVELS OF EDUCATION LIFE EXPECTANCY LIFE EXPECTANCY AT BIRTH LITERACY LITERACY SKILLS LITERATURE MEASURING INEQUALITY MINIMUM LEVEL MOBILITY NEGATIVE CORRELATION NEGATIVE RELATIONSHIP OPEN ACCESS PAPERS PARENT EDUCATION PARENTAL EDUCATION PERFORMANCE IN MATHEMATICS POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY RESEARCH POSITIVE RELATIONSHIP POVERTY CHANGES PRIMARY EDUCATION PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOL EDUCATION PROFICIENCY PUBLIC EXPENDITURE PUBLIC POLICY PUBLIC SPENDING QUALITY OF EDUCATION READING READING ACHIEVEMENT READING LEVEL READING SKILLS REDISTRIBUTIVE POLICIES REDUCING INEQUALITY REFERENCE BOOKS SANITATION SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SCHOOL CURRICULA SCHOOL EDUCATION SCHOOL ENTERING AGE SCHOOL QUALITY SCHOOL YEARS SCHOOLING SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY SCHOOL SOCIAL OUTCOMES STUDENT ASSESSMENT STUDENT PERFORMANCE TERTIARY EDUCATION TEST SCORES UNEQUAL ACCESS Balcazar, Carlos Felipe Narayan, Ambar Tiwari, Sailesh Born with a Silver Spoon : Inequality in Educational Achievement across the World
relation	Policy Research Working Paper;No. 7152
description	This paper assesses inequality of opportunity in educational achievement using the Human Opportunity Index methodology on data from the Programme for International Student Assessment. The findings suggest that there are large inequalities in learning outcomes as measured by demonstrated proficiency in Programme for International Student Assessment test scores in math, reading, and science. Differences in wealth, parental education, and area of residence explain a bulk of this inequality in most of the countries in the sample. Consistent with what has been documented previously in the literature, the paper also finds a strong and stable correlation between inequality of opportunity and public spending on school education. An exploration of the changes in inequality of opportunity between the 2009 and 2012 rounds of the Programme for International Student Assessment, using parametric and nonparametric techniques, suggests that there has been little progress.
format	Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
author	Balcazar, Carlos Felipe Narayan, Ambar Tiwari, Sailesh
author_facet	Balcazar, Carlos Felipe Narayan, Ambar Tiwari, Sailesh
author_sort	Balcazar, Carlos Felipe
title	Born with a Silver Spoon : Inequality in Educational Achievement across the World
title_short	Born with a Silver Spoon : Inequality in Educational Achievement across the World
title_full	Born with a Silver Spoon : Inequality in Educational Achievement across the World
title_fullStr	Born with a Silver Spoon : Inequality in Educational Achievement across the World
title_full_unstemmed	Born with a Silver Spoon : Inequality in Educational Achievement across the World
title_sort	born with a silver spoon : inequality in educational achievement across the world
publisher	World Bank Group, Washington, DC
publishDate	2015
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/01/23172052/born-silver-spoon-inequality-educational-achievement-across-world http://hdl.handle.net/10986/21149
_version_	1764447781162844160

Born with a Silver Spoon : Inequality in Educational Achievement across the World

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