Urban and Regional Dynamics in Poland

In this exploration of urban and regional dynamics in Poland after the transition, the authors find that the degree of urbanization, and primacy remains low in Poland. The largest cities are not growing at the rate that would be expected if post-transition adjustments were operating freely. As a res...

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Main Authors:	Deichmann, Uwe, Henderson, Vernon
Format:	Publications & Research
Language:	en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2015
Subjects:	cities city size construction countryside decentralization deconcentration depression dwelling dwelling units dwellings economic development emigration employment excess demand externalities females hotels households housing housing construction housing market HOUSING MARKETS housing provision housing shortage housing shortages housing stocks housing supply labor markets labor mobility Location decisions migrants migration mobility MORTALITY municipalities private housing productivity rural areas safety unemployment Urban urban agglomeration economies urban agglomerations urban area urban areas urban centers urban concentration urban development urban environments urban housing URBAN POPULATION urbanization urbanization process vocational training wages workers Urbanization Transition economies Urban growth External efficiency Internal migrations Rural-urban differentials Unemployment rates Housing shortages Labor migration Labor market nexus Domestic resource mobilization Growth-reducing policies Labor mobility Geographic variables Financial services Business services
Online Access:	http://hdl.handle.net/10986/21299

id	okr-10986-21299
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	okr-10986-212992021-04-23T14:04:01Z Urban and Regional Dynamics in Poland Deichmann, Uwe Henderson, Vernon cities city size construction countryside decentralization deconcentration depression dwelling dwelling units dwellings economic development emigration employment excess demand externalities females hotels households housing housing construction housing market HOUSING MARKETS housing provision housing shortage housing shortages housing stocks housing supply labor markets labor mobility Location decisions migrants migration mobility MORTALITY municipalities private housing productivity rural areas safety unemployment Urban urban agglomeration economies urban agglomerations urban area urban areas urban centers urban concentration urban development urban environments urban housing URBAN POPULATION urbanization urbanization process vocational training wages workers Urbanization Transition economies Urban growth External efficiency Internal migrations Rural-urban differentials Unemployment rates Housing shortages Labor migration Labor market nexus Domestic resource mobilization Growth-reducing policies Labor mobility Geographic variables Financial services Business services In this exploration of urban and regional dynamics in Poland after the transition, the authors find that the degree of urbanization, and primacy remains low in Poland. The largest cities are not growing at the rate that would be expected if post-transition adjustments were operating freely. As a result, Poland is not fully realizing external economies from urban agglomeration. Internal migration decreased significantly in the 1990s, with rural-to-urban migration declining dramatically. Current population levels everywhere seem frozen at a degree of urbanization that is low by international standards. Migration levels do not respond to unemployment differentials, perhaps because Poland's continuing housing shortage, deters migration. Housing construction, which was already low, fell by half in the 1990s, and has only recently begun a slight recovery. A significant number of mostly young, and educated temporary migrants leave Poland annually, many to find employment abroad. This may reduce pressure on the Polish labor market, but also keeps dynamic actors our of the domestic labor force, reducing growth in urban businesses and industry. Employment in manufacturing and agriculture is relatively concentrated, but specialization seems to have declined in recent years, perhaps reflecting barriers to labor mobility - which could limit growth. That employment in the manufacturing sector is quite concentrated, is to be expected in a formerly planned economy. But employment in the service sector, is also quite concentrated. A geographic divergence of service activities is not explained by dominant growth in specialized financial, and business services in the capital alone. Poland's policymakers should find a way to provide housing, thereby reducing barriers to labor mobility, and growth. 2015-01-20T17:06:41Z 2015-01-20T17:06:41Z 2000-09 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/21299 en_US Policy Research Working Paper;No. 2457 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Europe and Central Asia Poland
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	en_US
topic	cities city size construction countryside decentralization deconcentration depression dwelling dwelling units dwellings economic development emigration employment excess demand externalities females hotels households housing housing construction housing market HOUSING MARKETS housing provision housing shortage housing shortages housing stocks housing supply labor markets labor mobility Location decisions migrants migration mobility MORTALITY municipalities private housing productivity rural areas safety unemployment Urban urban agglomeration economies urban agglomerations urban area urban areas urban centers urban concentration urban development urban environments urban housing URBAN POPULATION urbanization urbanization process vocational training wages workers Urbanization Transition economies Urban growth External efficiency Internal migrations Rural-urban differentials Unemployment rates Housing shortages Labor migration Labor market nexus Domestic resource mobilization Growth-reducing policies Labor mobility Geographic variables Financial services Business services
spellingShingle	cities city size construction countryside decentralization deconcentration depression dwelling dwelling units dwellings economic development emigration employment excess demand externalities females hotels households housing housing construction housing market HOUSING MARKETS housing provision housing shortage housing shortages housing stocks housing supply labor markets labor mobility Location decisions migrants migration mobility MORTALITY municipalities private housing productivity rural areas safety unemployment Urban urban agglomeration economies urban agglomerations urban area urban areas urban centers urban concentration urban development urban environments urban housing URBAN POPULATION urbanization urbanization process vocational training wages workers Urbanization Transition economies Urban growth External efficiency Internal migrations Rural-urban differentials Unemployment rates Housing shortages Labor migration Labor market nexus Domestic resource mobilization Growth-reducing policies Labor mobility Geographic variables Financial services Business services Deichmann, Uwe Henderson, Vernon Urban and Regional Dynamics in Poland
geographic_facet	Europe and Central Asia Poland
relation	Policy Research Working Paper;No. 2457
description	In this exploration of urban and regional dynamics in Poland after the transition, the authors find that the degree of urbanization, and primacy remains low in Poland. The largest cities are not growing at the rate that would be expected if post-transition adjustments were operating freely. As a result, Poland is not fully realizing external economies from urban agglomeration. Internal migration decreased significantly in the 1990s, with rural-to-urban migration declining dramatically. Current population levels everywhere seem frozen at a degree of urbanization that is low by international standards. Migration levels do not respond to unemployment differentials, perhaps because Poland's continuing housing shortage, deters migration. Housing construction, which was already low, fell by half in the 1990s, and has only recently begun a slight recovery. A significant number of mostly young, and educated temporary migrants leave Poland annually, many to find employment abroad. This may reduce pressure on the Polish labor market, but also keeps dynamic actors our of the domestic labor force, reducing growth in urban businesses and industry. Employment in manufacturing and agriculture is relatively concentrated, but specialization seems to have declined in recent years, perhaps reflecting barriers to labor mobility - which could limit growth. That employment in the manufacturing sector is quite concentrated, is to be expected in a formerly planned economy. But employment in the service sector, is also quite concentrated. A geographic divergence of service activities is not explained by dominant growth in specialized financial, and business services in the capital alone. Poland's policymakers should find a way to provide housing, thereby reducing barriers to labor mobility, and growth.
format	Publications & Research
author	Deichmann, Uwe Henderson, Vernon
author_facet	Deichmann, Uwe Henderson, Vernon
author_sort	Deichmann, Uwe
title	Urban and Regional Dynamics in Poland
title_short	Urban and Regional Dynamics in Poland
title_full	Urban and Regional Dynamics in Poland
title_fullStr	Urban and Regional Dynamics in Poland
title_full_unstemmed	Urban and Regional Dynamics in Poland
title_sort	urban and regional dynamics in poland
publisher	World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate	2015
url	http://hdl.handle.net/10986/21299
_version_	1764447867108327424

Urban and Regional Dynamics in Poland

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