In-Work Poverty in Poland : Diagnosis and Possible Remedies

In this paper the authors analyze the evolution and the determinants of in-work poverty in Poland, according to three poverty lines: relative, absolute, and the 1998-adjusted poverty line. The authors find that behind moderately high in-work povert...

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Main Authors:	Lewandowski, Piotr, Kaminska, Agnieszka
Format:	Working Paper
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank Group, Washington, DC and Institute of Structural Research, Warsaw 2015
Subjects:	ABSOLUTE POVERTY ABSOLUTE POVERTY LINE ABSOLUTE TERMS AGRICULTURAL WORKERS CALORIES PER PERSON CIVIL LAW CONSTRUCTION WORKERS CONSUMER PRICES CUMULATIVE DISTRIBUTION DAILY CALORIES DETERMINANT OF POVERTY DISABILITY PENSION DISABILITY PENSIONS ECONOMIC ACTIVITY EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ELIGIBILITY EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN EMPLOYMENT PROMOTION EMPLOYMENT STATUS ESTIMATION RESULTS FAMILIES WITH CHILDREN FAMILY BENEFIT SYSTEM FAMILY BENEFITS FARM WORKERS FARMER FARMERS FARMING HOUSEHOLDS FEMALE WORKERS GINI COEFFICIENT GINI INDEX HEALTH INSURANCE HOLDING HOUSEHOLD BUDGET HOUSEHOLD HEADS HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLDS WITH CHILDREN HUMAN CAPITAL INCIDENCE OF POVERTY INCOME DIFFERENTIALS INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME LEVELS INCOME TAX INCOME TAXES INEQUALITY INFLATION INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT INSURANCE LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET POLICIES LIVING STANDARDS LOW POVERTY RATE LOW POVERTY RATES LOW WAGES MACROECONOMIC FLUCTUATIONS MARGINAL EFFECT NON -POOR HOUSEHOLDS NON-POOR HOUSEHOLDS OLD AGE OLD AGE PENSION OLD-AGE PENSION OLD-AGE PENSIONS POLICY CHANGES POLICY MAKERS POOR POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR INDIVIDUALS POOR PEOPLE POOR PERSONS POVERTY GAP POVERTY GAP INDEX POVERTY INCIDENCE POVERTY LINE POVERTY LINES POVERTY MEASURE POVERTY RATE POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY RISK POVERTY THRESHOLD PUBLIC POLICY PUBLIC SECTOR REDUCTION OF POVERTY RELATIVE IMPORTANCE RETURNS SELF-EMPLOYMENT SIGNIFICANT CORRELATION SOCIAL ASSISTANCE SOCIAL INSURANCE SYSTEM SOCIAL SECURITY SUBSISTENCE TAX TAX BENEFIT TAX CREDIT TAX DEDUCTION TAX RATE TAX RATES TAX SYSTEM TAXATION TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TOTAL POVERTY TOTAL POVERTY RATE TRANSITION ECONOMIES UNEMPLOYMENT WAGE GROWTH WAGE LEVEL WITHDRAWAL WORKING POOR
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/01/23800056/in-work-poverty-poland-diagnosis-possible-remedies http://hdl.handle.net/10986/21321

id	okr-10986-21321
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	okr-10986-213212021-04-23T14:04:01Z In-Work Poverty in Poland : Diagnosis and Possible Remedies Lewandowski, Piotr Kaminska, Agnieszka ABSOLUTE POVERTY ABSOLUTE POVERTY LINE ABSOLUTE TERMS AGRICULTURAL WORKERS CALORIES PER PERSON CIVIL LAW CONSTRUCTION WORKERS CONSUMER PRICES CUMULATIVE DISTRIBUTION DAILY CALORIES DETERMINANT OF POVERTY DISABILITY PENSION DISABILITY PENSIONS ECONOMIC ACTIVITY EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ELIGIBILITY EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN EMPLOYMENT PROMOTION EMPLOYMENT STATUS ESTIMATION RESULTS FAMILIES WITH CHILDREN FAMILY BENEFIT SYSTEM FAMILY BENEFITS FARM WORKERS FARMER FARMERS FARMING HOUSEHOLDS FEMALE WORKERS GINI COEFFICIENT GINI INDEX HEALTH INSURANCE HOLDING HOUSEHOLD BUDGET HOUSEHOLD HEADS HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLDS WITH CHILDREN HUMAN CAPITAL INCIDENCE OF POVERTY INCOME DIFFERENTIALS INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME LEVELS INCOME TAX INCOME TAXES INEQUALITY INFLATION INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT INSURANCE LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET POLICIES LIVING STANDARDS LOW POVERTY RATE LOW POVERTY RATES LOW WAGES MACROECONOMIC FLUCTUATIONS MARGINAL EFFECT NON -POOR HOUSEHOLDS NON-POOR HOUSEHOLDS OLD AGE OLD AGE PENSION OLD-AGE PENSION OLD-AGE PENSIONS POLICY CHANGES POLICY MAKERS POOR POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR INDIVIDUALS POOR PEOPLE POOR PERSONS POVERTY GAP POVERTY GAP INDEX POVERTY INCIDENCE POVERTY LINE POVERTY LINES POVERTY MEASURE POVERTY RATE POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY RISK POVERTY THRESHOLD PUBLIC POLICY PUBLIC SECTOR REDUCTION OF POVERTY RELATIVE IMPORTANCE RETURNS SELF-EMPLOYMENT SIGNIFICANT CORRELATION SOCIAL ASSISTANCE SOCIAL INSURANCE SYSTEM SOCIAL SECURITY SUBSISTENCE TAX TAX BENEFIT TAX CREDIT TAX DEDUCTION TAX RATE TAX RATES TAX SYSTEM TAXATION TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TOTAL POVERTY TOTAL POVERTY RATE TRANSITION ECONOMIES UNEMPLOYMENT WAGE GROWTH WAGE LEVEL WITHDRAWAL WORKING POOR In this paper the authors analyze the evolution and the determinants of in-work poverty in Poland, according to three poverty lines: relative, absolute, and the 1998-adjusted poverty line. The authors find that behind moderately high in-work poverty incidence in Poland there is very high in-work poverty in agriculture and modest in-work poverty in all other sectors. Workers are much less likely to be poor than jobless individuals, especially the unemployed. In fact, the share of adults out of employment is a much stronger predictor of households' risk of poverty than the level of wages at which they work. Moreover, the share of jobless adults or of agricultural workers has become an increasing determinant of in-work poverty over time. The risk of in-work poverty is also inversely related to the educational attainment and the stability of employment of an individual, which is especially important considering that the incidence of temporary contracts in Poland is the highest across both European Union (EU) and Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. Existing fiscal and benefit policies have not been sufficient to address in-work poverty and some of its underlying causes in the labor market: the author presents four policy recommendations aimed at tackling in-work and total poverty, and at increasing labor market participation and employment. 2015-01-21T17:24:44Z 2015-01-21T17:24:44Z 2014 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/01/23800056/in-work-poverty-poland-diagnosis-possible-remedies http://hdl.handle.net/10986/21321 English en_US CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank Group, Washington, DC and Institute of Structural Research, Warsaw Publications & Research :: Working Paper Publications & Research Europe and Central Asia Poland
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English en_US
topic	ABSOLUTE POVERTY ABSOLUTE POVERTY LINE ABSOLUTE TERMS AGRICULTURAL WORKERS CALORIES PER PERSON CIVIL LAW CONSTRUCTION WORKERS CONSUMER PRICES CUMULATIVE DISTRIBUTION DAILY CALORIES DETERMINANT OF POVERTY DISABILITY PENSION DISABILITY PENSIONS ECONOMIC ACTIVITY EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ELIGIBILITY EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN EMPLOYMENT PROMOTION EMPLOYMENT STATUS ESTIMATION RESULTS FAMILIES WITH CHILDREN FAMILY BENEFIT SYSTEM FAMILY BENEFITS FARM WORKERS FARMER FARMERS FARMING HOUSEHOLDS FEMALE WORKERS GINI COEFFICIENT GINI INDEX HEALTH INSURANCE HOLDING HOUSEHOLD BUDGET HOUSEHOLD HEADS HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLDS WITH CHILDREN HUMAN CAPITAL INCIDENCE OF POVERTY INCOME DIFFERENTIALS INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME LEVELS INCOME TAX INCOME TAXES INEQUALITY INFLATION INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT INSURANCE LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET POLICIES LIVING STANDARDS LOW POVERTY RATE LOW POVERTY RATES LOW WAGES MACROECONOMIC FLUCTUATIONS MARGINAL EFFECT NON -POOR HOUSEHOLDS NON-POOR HOUSEHOLDS OLD AGE OLD AGE PENSION OLD-AGE PENSION OLD-AGE PENSIONS POLICY CHANGES POLICY MAKERS POOR POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR INDIVIDUALS POOR PEOPLE POOR PERSONS POVERTY GAP POVERTY GAP INDEX POVERTY INCIDENCE POVERTY LINE POVERTY LINES POVERTY MEASURE POVERTY RATE POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY RISK POVERTY THRESHOLD PUBLIC POLICY PUBLIC SECTOR REDUCTION OF POVERTY RELATIVE IMPORTANCE RETURNS SELF-EMPLOYMENT SIGNIFICANT CORRELATION SOCIAL ASSISTANCE SOCIAL INSURANCE SYSTEM SOCIAL SECURITY SUBSISTENCE TAX TAX BENEFIT TAX CREDIT TAX DEDUCTION TAX RATE TAX RATES TAX SYSTEM TAXATION TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TOTAL POVERTY TOTAL POVERTY RATE TRANSITION ECONOMIES UNEMPLOYMENT WAGE GROWTH WAGE LEVEL WITHDRAWAL WORKING POOR
spellingShingle	ABSOLUTE POVERTY ABSOLUTE POVERTY LINE ABSOLUTE TERMS AGRICULTURAL WORKERS CALORIES PER PERSON CIVIL LAW CONSTRUCTION WORKERS CONSUMER PRICES CUMULATIVE DISTRIBUTION DAILY CALORIES DETERMINANT OF POVERTY DISABILITY PENSION DISABILITY PENSIONS ECONOMIC ACTIVITY EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT ELIGIBILITY EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN EMPLOYMENT PROMOTION EMPLOYMENT STATUS ESTIMATION RESULTS FAMILIES WITH CHILDREN FAMILY BENEFIT SYSTEM FAMILY BENEFITS FARM WORKERS FARMER FARMERS FARMING HOUSEHOLDS FEMALE WORKERS GINI COEFFICIENT GINI INDEX HEALTH INSURANCE HOLDING HOUSEHOLD BUDGET HOUSEHOLD HEADS HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLDS WITH CHILDREN HUMAN CAPITAL INCIDENCE OF POVERTY INCOME DIFFERENTIALS INCOME DISTRIBUTION INCOME LEVELS INCOME TAX INCOME TAXES INEQUALITY INFLATION INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT INSURANCE LABOR FORCE LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET POLICIES LIVING STANDARDS LOW POVERTY RATE LOW POVERTY RATES LOW WAGES MACROECONOMIC FLUCTUATIONS MARGINAL EFFECT NON -POOR HOUSEHOLDS NON-POOR HOUSEHOLDS OLD AGE OLD AGE PENSION OLD-AGE PENSION OLD-AGE PENSIONS POLICY CHANGES POLICY MAKERS POOR POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR INDIVIDUALS POOR PEOPLE POOR PERSONS POVERTY GAP POVERTY GAP INDEX POVERTY INCIDENCE POVERTY LINE POVERTY LINES POVERTY MEASURE POVERTY RATE POVERTY RATES POVERTY REDUCTION POVERTY RISK POVERTY THRESHOLD PUBLIC POLICY PUBLIC SECTOR REDUCTION OF POVERTY RELATIVE IMPORTANCE RETURNS SELF-EMPLOYMENT SIGNIFICANT CORRELATION SOCIAL ASSISTANCE SOCIAL INSURANCE SYSTEM SOCIAL SECURITY SUBSISTENCE TAX TAX BENEFIT TAX CREDIT TAX DEDUCTION TAX RATE TAX RATES TAX SYSTEM TAXATION TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TOTAL POVERTY TOTAL POVERTY RATE TRANSITION ECONOMIES UNEMPLOYMENT WAGE GROWTH WAGE LEVEL WITHDRAWAL WORKING POOR Lewandowski, Piotr Kaminska, Agnieszka In-Work Poverty in Poland : Diagnosis and Possible Remedies
geographic_facet	Europe and Central Asia Poland
description	In this paper the authors analyze the evolution and the determinants of in-work poverty in Poland, according to three poverty lines: relative, absolute, and the 1998-adjusted poverty line. The authors find that behind moderately high in-work poverty incidence in Poland there is very high in-work poverty in agriculture and modest in-work poverty in all other sectors. Workers are much less likely to be poor than jobless individuals, especially the unemployed. In fact, the share of adults out of employment is a much stronger predictor of households' risk of poverty than the level of wages at which they work. Moreover, the share of jobless adults or of agricultural workers has become an increasing determinant of in-work poverty over time. The risk of in-work poverty is also inversely related to the educational attainment and the stability of employment of an individual, which is especially important considering that the incidence of temporary contracts in Poland is the highest across both European Union (EU) and Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. Existing fiscal and benefit policies have not been sufficient to address in-work poverty and some of its underlying causes in the labor market: the author presents four policy recommendations aimed at tackling in-work and total poverty, and at increasing labor market participation and employment.
format	Publications & Research :: Working Paper
author	Lewandowski, Piotr Kaminska, Agnieszka
author_facet	Lewandowski, Piotr Kaminska, Agnieszka
author_sort	Lewandowski, Piotr
title	In-Work Poverty in Poland : Diagnosis and Possible Remedies
title_short	In-Work Poverty in Poland : Diagnosis and Possible Remedies
title_full	In-Work Poverty in Poland : Diagnosis and Possible Remedies
title_fullStr	In-Work Poverty in Poland : Diagnosis and Possible Remedies
title_full_unstemmed	In-Work Poverty in Poland : Diagnosis and Possible Remedies
title_sort	in-work poverty in poland : diagnosis and possible remedies
publisher	World Bank Group, Washington, DC and Institute of Structural Research, Warsaw
publishDate	2015
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/01/23800056/in-work-poverty-poland-diagnosis-possible-remedies http://hdl.handle.net/10986/21321
_version_	1764447932067610624

In-Work Poverty in Poland : Diagnosis and Possible Remedies

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