Gender Inequality and Growth : The Case of Rich vs. Poor Countries

This paper uses cross-section data for 107 countries to explore the relationship between gender inequality and economic growth. The paper departs from the literature by using a broad measure of gender inequality that goes well beyond gender inequal...

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Main Authors:	Amin, Mohammad, Kuntchev, Veselin, Schmidt, Martin
Format:	Publications & Research
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank Group, Washington, DC 2015
Subjects:	ABSOLUTE VALUE ACCESS TO JOBS ADVERSE EFFECT ADVERSE IMPACT ANNUAL GROWTH ANNUAL GROWTH RATE CONSUMER PRICE INFLATION COUNTRY DUMMY COUNTRY REGRESSIONS COUNTRY REPORTS COUNTRY SIZE CROSS COUNTRY CROSS COUNTRY REGRESSION CROSS-SECTION DATA DEPENDENT VARIABLE DEVELOPING WORLD DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT EFFORTS DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS DEVELOPMENT POLICY DEVELOPMENT REPORT DIFFERENTIAL IMPACT DISCRIMINATION DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN ECONOMIC CRITERIA ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC LITERATURE ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ECONOMIC REVIEW ECONOMICS LETTERS EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EMPIRICAL ISSUE EMPIRICAL RESULTS EQUALITY IN EDUCATION ESTIMATED COEFFICIENT ESTIMATION METHOD ESTIMATION RESULTS EXPLANATORY VARIABLES EXPORTS FEMALE FEMALE EDUCATION FEMALES FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT GDP GDP PER CAPITA GENDER GENDER DISPARITY GENDER EQUALITY GENDER GAP GENDER INEQUALITY GENDER PARITY GENDER SPECIFIC GIRLS GROWTH LITERATURE GROWTH RATE GROWTH RATES HIGH CORRELATION HIGH INCOME COUNTRIES HOME HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INCOME GROWTH INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME LEVEL INCOME LEVELS INEFFICIENCY INEQUALITY INDEX INEQUALITY RELATIONSHIP INTERNATIONAL TRADE LABOR MARKET LAGGED VALUES LANDLOCKED COUNTRIES LIBERTY LINEAR MODEL LOW INCOME LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES MACROECONOMIC POLICY MARGINAL RETURNS MATERNAL MORTALITY MEAN VALUE MEDIAN INCOME MONETARY ECONOMICS NEGATIVE CORRELATION NEGATIVE RELATIONSHIP OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN PER CAPITA GROWTH PER CAPITA GROWTH RATE PER CAPITA INCOME POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY MAKERS POLICY POINT OF VIEW POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH REPORT ON GENDER POLITICAL EMPOWERMENT POOR COUNTRIES POSITIVE EFFECT POSITIVE EXTERNALITIES PRIVATE SECTOR PROPERTY RIGHTS PUBLIC POLICY REAL GDP REDUCING GENDER INEQUALITY REGRESSION RESULTS REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH RICH COUNTRIES SECONDARY ENROLLMENT SECONDARY ENROLLMENT RATES SEX SIGNIFICANCE LEVEL SIGNIFICANT IMPACT SOCIAL CAPITAL STANDARD DEVIATION STATUS OF WOMEN TRADE OPENNESS UNITED NATIONS VIOLENCE
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/01/23855029/gender-inequality-growth-case-rich-vs-poor-countries http://hdl.handle.net/10986/21389

id	okr-10986-21389
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	okr-10986-213892021-04-23T14:04:02Z Gender Inequality and Growth : The Case of Rich vs. Poor Countries Amin, Mohammad Kuntchev, Veselin Schmidt, Martin ABSOLUTE VALUE ACCESS TO JOBS ADVERSE EFFECT ADVERSE IMPACT ANNUAL GROWTH ANNUAL GROWTH RATE CONSUMER PRICE INFLATION COUNTRY DUMMY COUNTRY REGRESSIONS COUNTRY REPORTS COUNTRY SIZE CROSS COUNTRY CROSS COUNTRY REGRESSION CROSS-SECTION DATA DEPENDENT VARIABLE DEVELOPING WORLD DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT EFFORTS DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS DEVELOPMENT POLICY DEVELOPMENT REPORT DIFFERENTIAL IMPACT DISCRIMINATION DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN ECONOMIC CRITERIA ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC LITERATURE ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ECONOMIC REVIEW ECONOMICS LETTERS EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EMPIRICAL ISSUE EMPIRICAL RESULTS EQUALITY IN EDUCATION ESTIMATED COEFFICIENT ESTIMATION METHOD ESTIMATION RESULTS EXPLANATORY VARIABLES EXPORTS FEMALE FEMALE EDUCATION FEMALES FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT GDP GDP PER CAPITA GENDER GENDER DISPARITY GENDER EQUALITY GENDER GAP GENDER INEQUALITY GENDER PARITY GENDER SPECIFIC GIRLS GROWTH LITERATURE GROWTH RATE GROWTH RATES HIGH CORRELATION HIGH INCOME COUNTRIES HOME HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INCOME GROWTH INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME LEVEL INCOME LEVELS INEFFICIENCY INEQUALITY INDEX INEQUALITY RELATIONSHIP INTERNATIONAL TRADE LABOR MARKET LAGGED VALUES LANDLOCKED COUNTRIES LIBERTY LINEAR MODEL LOW INCOME LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES MACROECONOMIC POLICY MARGINAL RETURNS MATERNAL MORTALITY MEAN VALUE MEDIAN INCOME MONETARY ECONOMICS NEGATIVE CORRELATION NEGATIVE RELATIONSHIP OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN PER CAPITA GROWTH PER CAPITA GROWTH RATE PER CAPITA INCOME POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY MAKERS POLICY POINT OF VIEW POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH REPORT ON GENDER POLITICAL EMPOWERMENT POOR COUNTRIES POSITIVE EFFECT POSITIVE EXTERNALITIES PRIVATE SECTOR PROPERTY RIGHTS PUBLIC POLICY REAL GDP REDUCING GENDER INEQUALITY REGRESSION RESULTS REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH RICH COUNTRIES SECONDARY ENROLLMENT SECONDARY ENROLLMENT RATES SEX SIGNIFICANCE LEVEL SIGNIFICANT IMPACT SOCIAL CAPITAL STANDARD DEVIATION STATUS OF WOMEN TRADE OPENNESS UNITED NATIONS VIOLENCE This paper uses cross-section data for 107 countries to explore the relationship between gender inequality and economic growth. The paper departs from the literature by using a broad measure of gender inequality that goes well beyond gender inequality in education, which has been the focus of most studies. Another novelty of the paper lies in exploring heterogeneity in the growth-gender inequality relationship. The results confirm that greater gender inequality is strongly associated with lower economic growth. However, this negative relationship between gender inequality and growth is entirely due to the relatively poor countries, with the relatively rich countries showing no such relationship. The findings have important implications for the design and targeting of gender-specific policies. 2015-02-03T16:00:59Z 2015-02-03T16:00:59Z 2015-01 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/01/23855029/gender-inequality-growth-case-rich-vs-poor-countries http://hdl.handle.net/10986/21389 English en_US Policy Research Working Paper;No. 7172 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank Group, Washington, DC Publications & Research Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English en_US
topic	ABSOLUTE VALUE ACCESS TO JOBS ADVERSE EFFECT ADVERSE IMPACT ANNUAL GROWTH ANNUAL GROWTH RATE CONSUMER PRICE INFLATION COUNTRY DUMMY COUNTRY REGRESSIONS COUNTRY REPORTS COUNTRY SIZE CROSS COUNTRY CROSS COUNTRY REGRESSION CROSS-SECTION DATA DEPENDENT VARIABLE DEVELOPING WORLD DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT EFFORTS DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS DEVELOPMENT POLICY DEVELOPMENT REPORT DIFFERENTIAL IMPACT DISCRIMINATION DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN ECONOMIC CRITERIA ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC LITERATURE ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ECONOMIC REVIEW ECONOMICS LETTERS EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EMPIRICAL ISSUE EMPIRICAL RESULTS EQUALITY IN EDUCATION ESTIMATED COEFFICIENT ESTIMATION METHOD ESTIMATION RESULTS EXPLANATORY VARIABLES EXPORTS FEMALE FEMALE EDUCATION FEMALES FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT GDP GDP PER CAPITA GENDER GENDER DISPARITY GENDER EQUALITY GENDER GAP GENDER INEQUALITY GENDER PARITY GENDER SPECIFIC GIRLS GROWTH LITERATURE GROWTH RATE GROWTH RATES HIGH CORRELATION HIGH INCOME COUNTRIES HOME HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INCOME GROWTH INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME LEVEL INCOME LEVELS INEFFICIENCY INEQUALITY INDEX INEQUALITY RELATIONSHIP INTERNATIONAL TRADE LABOR MARKET LAGGED VALUES LANDLOCKED COUNTRIES LIBERTY LINEAR MODEL LOW INCOME LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES MACROECONOMIC POLICY MARGINAL RETURNS MATERNAL MORTALITY MEAN VALUE MEDIAN INCOME MONETARY ECONOMICS NEGATIVE CORRELATION NEGATIVE RELATIONSHIP OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN PER CAPITA GROWTH PER CAPITA GROWTH RATE PER CAPITA INCOME POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY MAKERS POLICY POINT OF VIEW POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH REPORT ON GENDER POLITICAL EMPOWERMENT POOR COUNTRIES POSITIVE EFFECT POSITIVE EXTERNALITIES PRIVATE SECTOR PROPERTY RIGHTS PUBLIC POLICY REAL GDP REDUCING GENDER INEQUALITY REGRESSION RESULTS REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH RICH COUNTRIES SECONDARY ENROLLMENT SECONDARY ENROLLMENT RATES SEX SIGNIFICANCE LEVEL SIGNIFICANT IMPACT SOCIAL CAPITAL STANDARD DEVIATION STATUS OF WOMEN TRADE OPENNESS UNITED NATIONS VIOLENCE
spellingShingle	ABSOLUTE VALUE ACCESS TO JOBS ADVERSE EFFECT ADVERSE IMPACT ANNUAL GROWTH ANNUAL GROWTH RATE CONSUMER PRICE INFLATION COUNTRY DUMMY COUNTRY REGRESSIONS COUNTRY REPORTS COUNTRY SIZE CROSS COUNTRY CROSS COUNTRY REGRESSION CROSS-SECTION DATA DEPENDENT VARIABLE DEVELOPING WORLD DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DEVELOPMENT EFFORTS DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS DEVELOPMENT POLICY DEVELOPMENT REPORT DIFFERENTIAL IMPACT DISCRIMINATION DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN ECONOMIC CRITERIA ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC LITERATURE ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE ECONOMIC REVIEW ECONOMICS LETTERS EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE EMPIRICAL ISSUE EMPIRICAL RESULTS EQUALITY IN EDUCATION ESTIMATED COEFFICIENT ESTIMATION METHOD ESTIMATION RESULTS EXPLANATORY VARIABLES EXPORTS FEMALE FEMALE EDUCATION FEMALES FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT GDP GDP PER CAPITA GENDER GENDER DISPARITY GENDER EQUALITY GENDER GAP GENDER INEQUALITY GENDER PARITY GENDER SPECIFIC GIRLS GROWTH LITERATURE GROWTH RATE GROWTH RATES HIGH CORRELATION HIGH INCOME COUNTRIES HOME HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INCOME GROWTH INCOME INEQUALITY INCOME LEVEL INCOME LEVELS INEFFICIENCY INEQUALITY INDEX INEQUALITY RELATIONSHIP INTERNATIONAL TRADE LABOR MARKET LAGGED VALUES LANDLOCKED COUNTRIES LIBERTY LINEAR MODEL LOW INCOME LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES MACROECONOMIC POLICY MARGINAL RETURNS MATERNAL MORTALITY MEAN VALUE MEDIAN INCOME MONETARY ECONOMICS NEGATIVE CORRELATION NEGATIVE RELATIONSHIP OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN PER CAPITA GROWTH PER CAPITA GROWTH RATE PER CAPITA INCOME POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY MAKERS POLICY POINT OF VIEW POLICY RESEARCH POLICY RESEARCH REPORT ON GENDER POLITICAL EMPOWERMENT POOR COUNTRIES POSITIVE EFFECT POSITIVE EXTERNALITIES PRIVATE SECTOR PROPERTY RIGHTS PUBLIC POLICY REAL GDP REDUCING GENDER INEQUALITY REGRESSION RESULTS REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH RICH COUNTRIES SECONDARY ENROLLMENT SECONDARY ENROLLMENT RATES SEX SIGNIFICANCE LEVEL SIGNIFICANT IMPACT SOCIAL CAPITAL STANDARD DEVIATION STATUS OF WOMEN TRADE OPENNESS UNITED NATIONS VIOLENCE Amin, Mohammad Kuntchev, Veselin Schmidt, Martin Gender Inequality and Growth : The Case of Rich vs. Poor Countries
relation	Policy Research Working Paper;No. 7172
description	This paper uses cross-section data for 107 countries to explore the relationship between gender inequality and economic growth. The paper departs from the literature by using a broad measure of gender inequality that goes well beyond gender inequality in education, which has been the focus of most studies. Another novelty of the paper lies in exploring heterogeneity in the growth-gender inequality relationship. The results confirm that greater gender inequality is strongly associated with lower economic growth. However, this negative relationship between gender inequality and growth is entirely due to the relatively poor countries, with the relatively rich countries showing no such relationship. The findings have important implications for the design and targeting of gender-specific policies.
format	Publications & Research
author	Amin, Mohammad Kuntchev, Veselin Schmidt, Martin
author_facet	Amin, Mohammad Kuntchev, Veselin Schmidt, Martin
author_sort	Amin, Mohammad
title	Gender Inequality and Growth : The Case of Rich vs. Poor Countries
title_short	Gender Inequality and Growth : The Case of Rich vs. Poor Countries
title_full	Gender Inequality and Growth : The Case of Rich vs. Poor Countries
title_fullStr	Gender Inequality and Growth : The Case of Rich vs. Poor Countries
title_full_unstemmed	Gender Inequality and Growth : The Case of Rich vs. Poor Countries
title_sort	gender inequality and growth : the case of rich vs. poor countries
publisher	World Bank Group, Washington, DC
publishDate	2015
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/01/23855029/gender-inequality-growth-case-rich-vs-poor-countries http://hdl.handle.net/10986/21389
_version_	1764448121365987328

Gender Inequality and Growth : The Case of Rich vs. Poor Countries

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