Energy Subsidies Reform in Jordan : Welfare Implications of Different Scenarios
As the Arab Spring unfolded and political unrest spread across the Arab world, Jordan faced an adverse economy as well. Fundamental to the economic challenge was high and rising energy prices, already heavily subsidized for consumers. With the gove...
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| Format: | Report |
| Language: | English en_US |
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World Bank, Washington, DC
2015
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/06/24600026/energy-subsidies-reform-jordan-welfare-implications-different-scenarios http://hdl.handle.net/10986/22051 |
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okr-10986-22051 |
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| recordtype |
oai_dc |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
GROWTH RATES FUEL SUBSIDIES RETAIL PRICE GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES HEAVY OIL PRICE INCREASES KILOWATT-HOUR ELECTRICITY TARIFF INCOME INTEREST POWER STATIONS PRIVATIZATION GENERATION INCOME GROUP GDP PER CAPITA ELECTRICITY SYSTEM ELASTICITY PRODUCER PRICES GASOLINE CONSUMPTION POLITICAL ECONOMY GASOLINE ENERGY PRODUCTS WORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS WELFARE DISTRIBUTION PRICING GAS SUBSIDY PRICE INPUTS DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICITY POWER MIX INFLATION ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION RETAIL TRENDS SAFETY NETS OIL PRICES PETROLEUM SAVINGS CURRENCY OIL DEMAND ELASTICITY FOOD PRICE PRODUCTS OIL PRODUCTS OPTIONS WATER DEBT FUEL PRODUCTS FISCAL CONSOLIDATION PRODUCER PRICE INCREASE SOCIAL PROTECTION POWER COMPANY PRICE ELASTICITY PRODUCT PRICE SUBSIDIES FUELS GASOLINE PRICES SUBSIDIES POWER PRODUCERS GASOLINE PRICE PRICE CHANGE EXPENDITURE PETROLEUM PRICE POLITICAL UNREST CONSUMPTION DATA AVAILABILITY SOCIAL SAFETY NETS GOVERNMENT BUDGET BALANCE ELECTRIC POWER PRICE ADJUSTMENTS FUTURE MARKET PRICES POWER ELECTRICITY PRODUCER PRICE GAS SUPPLY PRICE SUPPORT DEMAND ELECTRICITY GENERATION PRICE CHANGES EXPENDITURES CONSUMERS AGRICULTURE HEAVY FUEL OIL INCOMES PETROLEUM GAS ELECTRICITY TARIFFS FUEL PRICES SALE SHARES MARKET ENERGY PRICES PRICE INCREASE PETROLEUM SECTOR SOLAR POWER OUTPUT ELECTRICITY PRICES NATURAL GAS GDP GOODS INTERNATIONAL MARKET SHARE ELECTRICITY PRICE ADVERSE IMPACT FINANCIAL RISKS TARIFF SUPPLY FUEL FUEL OIL GINI COEFFICIENT AVAILABILITY HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURES COMMUNICATION COSTS SAVINGS COMMODITIES PETROLEUM PRODUCTS FOOD PRICES CONSUMPTION LEVELS COMMODITY PRICES DIESEL KEROSENE PRICE OF GASOLINE COMMODITY PRODUCERS OF PETROLEUM PRICES APPROACH SPREAD ENERGY |
| spellingShingle |
GROWTH RATES FUEL SUBSIDIES RETAIL PRICE GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES HEAVY OIL PRICE INCREASES KILOWATT-HOUR ELECTRICITY TARIFF INCOME INTEREST POWER STATIONS PRIVATIZATION GENERATION INCOME GROUP GDP PER CAPITA ELECTRICITY SYSTEM ELASTICITY PRODUCER PRICES GASOLINE CONSUMPTION POLITICAL ECONOMY GASOLINE ENERGY PRODUCTS WORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS WELFARE DISTRIBUTION PRICING GAS SUBSIDY PRICE INPUTS DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICITY POWER MIX INFLATION ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION RETAIL TRENDS SAFETY NETS OIL PRICES PETROLEUM SAVINGS CURRENCY OIL DEMAND ELASTICITY FOOD PRICE PRODUCTS OIL PRODUCTS OPTIONS WATER DEBT FUEL PRODUCTS FISCAL CONSOLIDATION PRODUCER PRICE INCREASE SOCIAL PROTECTION POWER COMPANY PRICE ELASTICITY PRODUCT PRICE SUBSIDIES FUELS GASOLINE PRICES SUBSIDIES POWER PRODUCERS GASOLINE PRICE PRICE CHANGE EXPENDITURE PETROLEUM PRICE POLITICAL UNREST CONSUMPTION DATA AVAILABILITY SOCIAL SAFETY NETS GOVERNMENT BUDGET BALANCE ELECTRIC POWER PRICE ADJUSTMENTS FUTURE MARKET PRICES POWER ELECTRICITY PRODUCER PRICE GAS SUPPLY PRICE SUPPORT DEMAND ELECTRICITY GENERATION PRICE CHANGES EXPENDITURES CONSUMERS AGRICULTURE HEAVY FUEL OIL INCOMES PETROLEUM GAS ELECTRICITY TARIFFS FUEL PRICES SALE SHARES MARKET ENERGY PRICES PRICE INCREASE PETROLEUM SECTOR SOLAR POWER OUTPUT ELECTRICITY PRICES NATURAL GAS GDP GOODS INTERNATIONAL MARKET SHARE ELECTRICITY PRICE ADVERSE IMPACT FINANCIAL RISKS TARIFF SUPPLY FUEL FUEL OIL GINI COEFFICIENT AVAILABILITY HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURES COMMUNICATION COSTS SAVINGS COMMODITIES PETROLEUM PRODUCTS FOOD PRICES CONSUMPTION LEVELS COMMODITY PRICES DIESEL KEROSENE PRICE OF GASOLINE COMMODITY PRODUCERS OF PETROLEUM PRICES APPROACH SPREAD ENERGY Aziz, Atamanov Jellema, Jon Serajuddin, Umar Energy Subsidies Reform in Jordan : Welfare Implications of Different Scenarios |
| geographic_facet |
Middle East and North Africa Jordan |
| relation |
Poverty and Equity Global Practice Working Paper No. 035 |
| description |
As the Arab Spring unfolded and
political unrest spread across the Arab world, Jordan faced
an adverse economy as well. Fundamental to the economic
challenge was high and rising energy prices, already heavily
subsidized for consumers. With the government intent on
staving off emerging political unrest through a series of
measures, buffering consumers from increased energy prices
being a key action, fiscal costs mounted. By 2012, subsidies
on petroleum products alone were about 2.8 percent of GDP
and 8.8 percent of government expenditures. At the same
time, political unrest disrupted the supply of natural gas
from Egypt and Jordan abruptly had to switch to using
imported oil products (heavy fuel oil and diesel) to produce
electricity. Consequently, the cost of producing electricity
increased several folds. As the increased cost was not
passed on to the consumers, National Electric Power company
(NEPCO), bore all the increases in fuel prices and
accumulate debt as a result. At approximately 17 percent of
government expenditures and 5.5 percent of GDP in 2011, this
was twice the amount of the petroleum subsidies. The chapter
is organized as follows. Section two traces the evolution of
subsidies in Jordan in recent times. The distributional
impacts of reform would depend on how important the
subsidized items are to consumers in terms of their
expenditures on those items. Section three discusses this
question from the perspective of richer and poorer
households. The distributional impacts of reform would of
course not only depend on how much consumers spend on the
subsidized items but also on the extent of price changes.
Sections four and five simulate direct and indirect impacts
of potential reform scenarios across the income
distribution. From this discussion, in section six the
chapter moves onto considering how reforms are weighed down
by vexing political economy constraints. In MENA countries,
universal subsidies have been in place as part of the
government’s role in ensuring stability in the lives of the
people and doing away with them is not straightforward. |
| format |
Report |
| author |
Aziz, Atamanov Jellema, Jon Serajuddin, Umar |
| author_facet |
Aziz, Atamanov Jellema, Jon Serajuddin, Umar |
| author_sort |
Aziz, Atamanov |
| title |
Energy Subsidies Reform in Jordan : Welfare Implications of Different Scenarios |
| title_short |
Energy Subsidies Reform in Jordan : Welfare Implications of Different Scenarios |
| title_full |
Energy Subsidies Reform in Jordan : Welfare Implications of Different Scenarios |
| title_fullStr |
Energy Subsidies Reform in Jordan : Welfare Implications of Different Scenarios |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Energy Subsidies Reform in Jordan : Welfare Implications of Different Scenarios |
| title_sort |
energy subsidies reform in jordan : welfare implications of different scenarios |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2015 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/06/24600026/energy-subsidies-reform-jordan-welfare-implications-different-scenarios http://hdl.handle.net/10986/22051 |
| _version_ |
1764450064139288576 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-220512021-04-23T14:04:06Z Energy Subsidies Reform in Jordan : Welfare Implications of Different Scenarios Aziz, Atamanov Jellema, Jon Serajuddin, Umar GROWTH RATES FUEL SUBSIDIES RETAIL PRICE GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES HEAVY OIL PRICE INCREASES KILOWATT-HOUR ELECTRICITY TARIFF INCOME INTEREST POWER STATIONS PRIVATIZATION GENERATION INCOME GROUP GDP PER CAPITA ELECTRICITY SYSTEM ELASTICITY PRODUCER PRICES GASOLINE CONSUMPTION POLITICAL ECONOMY GASOLINE ENERGY PRODUCTS WORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS WELFARE DISTRIBUTION PRICING GAS SUBSIDY PRICE INPUTS DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRICITY POWER MIX INFLATION ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION RETAIL TRENDS SAFETY NETS OIL PRICES PETROLEUM SAVINGS CURRENCY OIL DEMAND ELASTICITY FOOD PRICE PRODUCTS OIL PRODUCTS OPTIONS WATER DEBT FUEL PRODUCTS FISCAL CONSOLIDATION PRODUCER PRICE INCREASE SOCIAL PROTECTION POWER COMPANY PRICE ELASTICITY PRODUCT PRICE SUBSIDIES FUELS GASOLINE PRICES SUBSIDIES POWER PRODUCERS GASOLINE PRICE PRICE CHANGE EXPENDITURE PETROLEUM PRICE POLITICAL UNREST CONSUMPTION DATA AVAILABILITY SOCIAL SAFETY NETS GOVERNMENT BUDGET BALANCE ELECTRIC POWER PRICE ADJUSTMENTS FUTURE MARKET PRICES POWER ELECTRICITY PRODUCER PRICE GAS SUPPLY PRICE SUPPORT DEMAND ELECTRICITY GENERATION PRICE CHANGES EXPENDITURES CONSUMERS AGRICULTURE HEAVY FUEL OIL INCOMES PETROLEUM GAS ELECTRICITY TARIFFS FUEL PRICES SALE SHARES MARKET ENERGY PRICES PRICE INCREASE PETROLEUM SECTOR SOLAR POWER OUTPUT ELECTRICITY PRICES NATURAL GAS GDP GOODS INTERNATIONAL MARKET SHARE ELECTRICITY PRICE ADVERSE IMPACT FINANCIAL RISKS TARIFF SUPPLY FUEL FUEL OIL GINI COEFFICIENT AVAILABILITY HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURES COMMUNICATION COSTS SAVINGS COMMODITIES PETROLEUM PRODUCTS FOOD PRICES CONSUMPTION LEVELS COMMODITY PRICES DIESEL KEROSENE PRICE OF GASOLINE COMMODITY PRODUCERS OF PETROLEUM PRICES APPROACH SPREAD ENERGY As the Arab Spring unfolded and political unrest spread across the Arab world, Jordan faced an adverse economy as well. Fundamental to the economic challenge was high and rising energy prices, already heavily subsidized for consumers. With the government intent on staving off emerging political unrest through a series of measures, buffering consumers from increased energy prices being a key action, fiscal costs mounted. By 2012, subsidies on petroleum products alone were about 2.8 percent of GDP and 8.8 percent of government expenditures. At the same time, political unrest disrupted the supply of natural gas from Egypt and Jordan abruptly had to switch to using imported oil products (heavy fuel oil and diesel) to produce electricity. Consequently, the cost of producing electricity increased several folds. As the increased cost was not passed on to the consumers, National Electric Power company (NEPCO), bore all the increases in fuel prices and accumulate debt as a result. At approximately 17 percent of government expenditures and 5.5 percent of GDP in 2011, this was twice the amount of the petroleum subsidies. The chapter is organized as follows. Section two traces the evolution of subsidies in Jordan in recent times. The distributional impacts of reform would depend on how important the subsidized items are to consumers in terms of their expenditures on those items. Section three discusses this question from the perspective of richer and poorer households. The distributional impacts of reform would of course not only depend on how much consumers spend on the subsidized items but also on the extent of price changes. Sections four and five simulate direct and indirect impacts of potential reform scenarios across the income distribution. From this discussion, in section six the chapter moves onto considering how reforms are weighed down by vexing political economy constraints. In MENA countries, universal subsidies have been in place as part of the government’s role in ensuring stability in the lives of the people and doing away with them is not straightforward. 2015-06-24T15:29:45Z 2015-06-24T15:29:45Z 2015-05-31 Report http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/06/24600026/energy-subsidies-reform-jordan-welfare-implications-different-scenarios http://hdl.handle.net/10986/22051 English en_US Poverty and Equity Global Practice Working Paper No. 035 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Economic & Sector Work Economic & Sector Work :: Other Poverty Study Middle East and North Africa Jordan |