How Much of the Labor in African Agriculture Is Provided by Women?

The contribution of women to labor in African agriculture is regularly quoted in the range of 60 to 80 percent. Using individual-disaggregated, plot-level labor input data from nationally representative household surveys across six Sub-Saharan Afri...

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Main Authors:	Palacios-Lopez, Amparo, Christiaensen, Luc, Kilic, Talip
Format:	Working Paper
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2015
Subjects:	LIVING STANDARDS EMPLOYMENT FARM EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES FERTILIZER PRODUCTION ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION PREMISES FOOD CONSUMPTION INCOME AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES AGRICULTURAL HOUSEHOLDS LABOR ALLOCATION RURAL WOMEN LEGUMES QUINONES PESTICIDE INFORMATION LABOR FORCE ANIMALS HOUSING PLANTING DATA ON WOMEN EFFECTS INCENTIVES HEALTH IFPRI AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LABOR STATISTICS RURAL YOUTH PROJECT FEMALE HEADED HOUSEHOLDS FARM INCOME TOWNS LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION ASSOCIATIONS SMALL TOWNS AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT OIL PALM INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE KNOWLEDGE MAIZE SUNFLOWER CROP PRODUCTION CEREALS DISEASES CASH CROPS DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DWELLING FARM EMPLOYMENT PRODUCTIVITY LABOR PRODUCTIVITY PALM OIL MARKETS ORGANIZATIONS FRUITS VEGETABLES FIELD WORK SUGAR CANE INDICATORS RESEARCH FARMING LIVESTOCK STANDARDS LABOR FARMERS JUTE PLOWING ANIMAL PRODUCTION COCOA CULTIVATED LAND TOBACCO CROPS FOOD PRODUCTION DESIGN FEMALE LABOR PRODUCE FACTOR MARKETS FOOD SECURITY TEA CROP PARTICIPATION ECOLOGICAL ZONES VALUE GENDER CULTIVATION FARM ACTIVITIES TUBERS MAIZE PRODUCTION REPORTS HOUSEHOLD COFFEE AGRICULTURE FAO YOUTH FARM WORK MARKET HARVESTING AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES ECONOMICS MANAGEMENT COTTON DEGRADATION LAND LAND PRODUCTIVITY AGRICULTURAL LABOR SECURITY EDUCATION FEMALES SUGARCANE WORKING CONDITIONS RISK FARM FOOD CROPS HOUSEHOLDS RURAL AREAS CROP AGRICULTURE FOOD SUPPLY EDIBLE CROPS LABOR ALLOCATION DECISIONS SUPPLY AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY HOUSES YIELDS PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES CHILD LABOR LIVELIHOODS COMMUNITY GREEN REVOLUTION WOMEN AGRICULTURAL FARMING SYSTEMS LABOUR FOOD PROCESSING LABOR MARKETS TECHNOLOGIES OUTCOMES RURAL DEVELOPMENT GUM ARABIC FEMALE SOIL QUALITY SUGAR
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/06/24577778/much-labor-african-agriculture-provided-women http://hdl.handle.net/10986/22155

id	okr-10986-22155
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	okr-10986-221552021-04-23T14:04:07Z How Much of the Labor in African Agriculture Is Provided by Women? Palacios-Lopez, Amparo Christiaensen, Luc Kilic, Talip LIVING STANDARDS EMPLOYMENT FARM EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES FERTILIZER PRODUCTION ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION PREMISES FOOD CONSUMPTION INCOME AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES AGRICULTURAL HOUSEHOLDS LABOR ALLOCATION RURAL WOMEN LEGUMES QUINONES PESTICIDE INFORMATION LABOR FORCE ANIMALS HOUSING PLANTING DATA ON WOMEN EFFECTS INCENTIVES HEALTH IFPRI AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LABOR STATISTICS RURAL YOUTH PROJECT FEMALE HEADED HOUSEHOLDS FARM INCOME TOWNS LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION ASSOCIATIONS SMALL TOWNS AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT OIL PALM INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE KNOWLEDGE MAIZE SUNFLOWER CROP PRODUCTION CEREALS DISEASES CASH CROPS DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DWELLING FARM EMPLOYMENT PRODUCTIVITY LABOR PRODUCTIVITY PALM OIL MARKETS ORGANIZATIONS FRUITS VEGETABLES FIELD WORK SUGAR CANE INDICATORS RESEARCH FARMING LIVESTOCK STANDARDS LABOR FARMERS JUTE PLOWING ANIMAL PRODUCTION COCOA CULTIVATED LAND TOBACCO CROPS FOOD PRODUCTION DESIGN FEMALE LABOR PRODUCE FACTOR MARKETS FOOD SECURITY TEA CROP PARTICIPATION ECOLOGICAL ZONES VALUE GENDER CULTIVATION FARM ACTIVITIES TUBERS MAIZE PRODUCTION REPORTS HOUSEHOLD COFFEE AGRICULTURE FAO YOUTH FARM WORK MARKET HARVESTING AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES ECONOMICS MANAGEMENT COTTON DEGRADATION LAND LAND PRODUCTIVITY AGRICULTURAL LABOR SECURITY EDUCATION FEMALES SUGARCANE WORKING CONDITIONS RISK FARM FOOD CROPS HOUSEHOLDS RURAL AREAS CROP AGRICULTURE FOOD SUPPLY EDIBLE CROPS LABOR ALLOCATION DECISIONS SUPPLY AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY HOUSES YIELDS PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES CHILD LABOR LIVELIHOODS COMMUNITY GREEN REVOLUTION WOMEN AGRICULTURAL FARMING SYSTEMS LABOUR FOOD PROCESSING LABOR MARKETS TECHNOLOGIES OUTCOMES RURAL DEVELOPMENT GUM ARABIC FEMALE SOIL QUALITY SUGAR The contribution of women to labor in African agriculture is regularly quoted in the range of 60 to 80 percent. Using individual-disaggregated, plot-level labor input data from nationally representative household surveys across six Sub-Saharan African countries, this study estimates the average female labor share in crop production at 40 percent. It is slightly above 50 percent in Malawi, Tanzania, and Uganda, and substantially lower in Nigeria (37 percent), Ethiopia (29 percent), and Niger (24 percent). There are no systematic differences across crops and activities, but female labor shares tend to be higher in households where women own a larger share of the land and when they are more educated. Controlling for the gender and knowledge profile of the respondents does not meaningfully change the predicted female labor shares. The findings question prevailing assertions regarding substantial gains in aggregate crop output as a result of increasing female agricultural productivity. 2015-07-14T21:06:10Z 2015-07-14T21:06:10Z 2015-06 Working Paper http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/06/24577778/much-labor-african-agriculture-provided-women http://hdl.handle.net/10986/22155 English en_US Policy Research Working Paper;No. 7282 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Africa Sub-Saharan Africa
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English en_US
topic	LIVING STANDARDS EMPLOYMENT FARM EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES FERTILIZER PRODUCTION ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION PREMISES FOOD CONSUMPTION INCOME AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES AGRICULTURAL HOUSEHOLDS LABOR ALLOCATION RURAL WOMEN LEGUMES QUINONES PESTICIDE INFORMATION LABOR FORCE ANIMALS HOUSING PLANTING DATA ON WOMEN EFFECTS INCENTIVES HEALTH IFPRI AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LABOR STATISTICS RURAL YOUTH PROJECT FEMALE HEADED HOUSEHOLDS FARM INCOME TOWNS LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION ASSOCIATIONS SMALL TOWNS AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT OIL PALM INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE KNOWLEDGE MAIZE SUNFLOWER CROP PRODUCTION CEREALS DISEASES CASH CROPS DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DWELLING FARM EMPLOYMENT PRODUCTIVITY LABOR PRODUCTIVITY PALM OIL MARKETS ORGANIZATIONS FRUITS VEGETABLES FIELD WORK SUGAR CANE INDICATORS RESEARCH FARMING LIVESTOCK STANDARDS LABOR FARMERS JUTE PLOWING ANIMAL PRODUCTION COCOA CULTIVATED LAND TOBACCO CROPS FOOD PRODUCTION DESIGN FEMALE LABOR PRODUCE FACTOR MARKETS FOOD SECURITY TEA CROP PARTICIPATION ECOLOGICAL ZONES VALUE GENDER CULTIVATION FARM ACTIVITIES TUBERS MAIZE PRODUCTION REPORTS HOUSEHOLD COFFEE AGRICULTURE FAO YOUTH FARM WORK MARKET HARVESTING AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES ECONOMICS MANAGEMENT COTTON DEGRADATION LAND LAND PRODUCTIVITY AGRICULTURAL LABOR SECURITY EDUCATION FEMALES SUGARCANE WORKING CONDITIONS RISK FARM FOOD CROPS HOUSEHOLDS RURAL AREAS CROP AGRICULTURE FOOD SUPPLY EDIBLE CROPS LABOR ALLOCATION DECISIONS SUPPLY AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY HOUSES YIELDS PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES CHILD LABOR LIVELIHOODS COMMUNITY GREEN REVOLUTION WOMEN AGRICULTURAL FARMING SYSTEMS LABOUR FOOD PROCESSING LABOR MARKETS TECHNOLOGIES OUTCOMES RURAL DEVELOPMENT GUM ARABIC FEMALE SOIL QUALITY SUGAR
spellingShingle	LIVING STANDARDS EMPLOYMENT FARM EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES FERTILIZER PRODUCTION ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION PREMISES FOOD CONSUMPTION INCOME AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES AGRICULTURAL HOUSEHOLDS LABOR ALLOCATION RURAL WOMEN LEGUMES QUINONES PESTICIDE INFORMATION LABOR FORCE ANIMALS HOUSING PLANTING DATA ON WOMEN EFFECTS INCENTIVES HEALTH IFPRI AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS LABOR STATISTICS RURAL YOUTH PROJECT FEMALE HEADED HOUSEHOLDS FARM INCOME TOWNS LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION ASSOCIATIONS SMALL TOWNS AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT OIL PALM INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE KNOWLEDGE MAIZE SUNFLOWER CROP PRODUCTION CEREALS DISEASES CASH CROPS DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DWELLING FARM EMPLOYMENT PRODUCTIVITY LABOR PRODUCTIVITY PALM OIL MARKETS ORGANIZATIONS FRUITS VEGETABLES FIELD WORK SUGAR CANE INDICATORS RESEARCH FARMING LIVESTOCK STANDARDS LABOR FARMERS JUTE PLOWING ANIMAL PRODUCTION COCOA CULTIVATED LAND TOBACCO CROPS FOOD PRODUCTION DESIGN FEMALE LABOR PRODUCE FACTOR MARKETS FOOD SECURITY TEA CROP PARTICIPATION ECOLOGICAL ZONES VALUE GENDER CULTIVATION FARM ACTIVITIES TUBERS MAIZE PRODUCTION REPORTS HOUSEHOLD COFFEE AGRICULTURE FAO YOUTH FARM WORK MARKET HARVESTING AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES ECONOMICS MANAGEMENT COTTON DEGRADATION LAND LAND PRODUCTIVITY AGRICULTURAL LABOR SECURITY EDUCATION FEMALES SUGARCANE WORKING CONDITIONS RISK FARM FOOD CROPS HOUSEHOLDS RURAL AREAS CROP AGRICULTURE FOOD SUPPLY EDIBLE CROPS LABOR ALLOCATION DECISIONS SUPPLY AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY HOUSES YIELDS PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES CHILD LABOR LIVELIHOODS COMMUNITY GREEN REVOLUTION WOMEN AGRICULTURAL FARMING SYSTEMS LABOUR FOOD PROCESSING LABOR MARKETS TECHNOLOGIES OUTCOMES RURAL DEVELOPMENT GUM ARABIC FEMALE SOIL QUALITY SUGAR Palacios-Lopez, Amparo Christiaensen, Luc Kilic, Talip How Much of the Labor in African Agriculture Is Provided by Women?
geographic_facet	Africa Sub-Saharan Africa
relation	Policy Research Working Paper;No. 7282
description	The contribution of women to labor in African agriculture is regularly quoted in the range of 60 to 80 percent. Using individual-disaggregated, plot-level labor input data from nationally representative household surveys across six Sub-Saharan African countries, this study estimates the average female labor share in crop production at 40 percent. It is slightly above 50 percent in Malawi, Tanzania, and Uganda, and substantially lower in Nigeria (37 percent), Ethiopia (29 percent), and Niger (24 percent). There are no systematic differences across crops and activities, but female labor shares tend to be higher in households where women own a larger share of the land and when they are more educated. Controlling for the gender and knowledge profile of the respondents does not meaningfully change the predicted female labor shares. The findings question prevailing assertions regarding substantial gains in aggregate crop output as a result of increasing female agricultural productivity.
format	Working Paper
author	Palacios-Lopez, Amparo Christiaensen, Luc Kilic, Talip
author_facet	Palacios-Lopez, Amparo Christiaensen, Luc Kilic, Talip
author_sort	Palacios-Lopez, Amparo
title	How Much of the Labor in African Agriculture Is Provided by Women?
title_short	How Much of the Labor in African Agriculture Is Provided by Women?
title_full	How Much of the Labor in African Agriculture Is Provided by Women?
title_fullStr	How Much of the Labor in African Agriculture Is Provided by Women?
title_full_unstemmed	How Much of the Labor in African Agriculture Is Provided by Women?
title_sort	how much of the labor in african agriculture is provided by women?
publisher	World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate	2015
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/06/24577778/much-labor-african-agriculture-provided-women http://hdl.handle.net/10986/22155
_version_	1764450301534797824

How Much of the Labor in African Agriculture Is Provided by Women?

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