Fertility Transition in Turkey : Who Is Most at Risk of Deciding Against Child Arrival?
In Turkey, female employment and education are still relatively low, while fertility levels are high compared with other European countries. However, Turkey stands just at the edge of an important social transition. Increasing female education and...
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World Bank, Washington, DC
2015
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/06/24644332/fertility-transition-turkeywho-most-risk-deciding-against-child-arrival http://hdl.handle.net/10986/22181 |
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okr-10986-221812021-06-14T10:21:52Z Fertility Transition in Turkey : Who Is Most at Risk of Deciding Against Child Arrival? Greulich, Angela Dasre, Aurélien Inan, Ceren FEMALE EDUCATION NUMBER OF CHILDREN SOCIAL NORMS WORKFORCE FERTILITY TRANSITION ECONOMIC GROWTH CONTRACEPTION URBANIZATION EDUCATION OF GIRLS DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS FAMILY SIZES FEWER WOMEN FIRST CHILD POLICY FRAMEWORK LEVELS OF EDUCATION TRADITIONAL GENDER ROLES LABOR FORCE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISCRIMINATION REPLACEMENT LEVEL GENDER EQUITY POLICY DISCUSSIONS CHILD BIRTH SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT FERTILITY TRENDS SOCIAL SCIENCES PARENTAL ROLES ACCESS TO EDUCATION POPULATION CENSUS LABOR MARKET MATERNITY LEAVE POPULATION CENSUS FAMILY POLICIES GENDER GAP PREGNANCIES GENDER GAP IN EDUCATION EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT SMALL FAMILIES INTEGRATION OF WOMEN FERTILITY RATES INTERNAL MIGRATIONS FERTILITY DECLINES IDEAL NUMBER OF CHILDREN FERTILITY RATE ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT MIGRATION CHILDBEARING AGE HOUSEHOLD INCOME CHILDBEARING AGES STATE PLANNING MARRIAGE SOCIAL SECURITY ECONOMIC CHANGE UNIVERSITY EDUCATION FERTILITY DIFFERENTIALS CHILD CARE FERTILITY LEVELS FAMILY RESOURCES EDUCATED WOMEN SECONDARY EDUCATION PROGRESS UNEMPLOYMENT SAME SEX FAMILY PREFERENCE CHILDBIRTH HUMAN CAPITAL AGE OF MARRIAGE EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN POLICIES POPULATION STUDIES GENDER DIFFERENCES WOMAN POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POLICY MAKERS SOCIAL POLICY DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION FAMILY FORMATION LABOUR MARKET FAMILY INCOME SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT URBAN AREAS FAMILY PLANNING FEWER CHILDREN EARLY CHILDHOOD POPULATION RESEARCH IMPACT ON FERTILITY POPULATIONS ILLITERATE WOMEN MOTHER YOUNG CHILDREN ACCESS TO CONTRACEPTION PROCREATION BULLETIN CHILDBEARING CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT POLICY SOCIAL STATUS FERTILITY SURVEY CHILDREN PER WOMAN NUMBER OF WOMEN SEX MINORITY PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN LEVEL OF EDUCATION PARENTAL LEAVE RURAL AREAS ACCESS TO FAMILY PLANNING NUMBER OF CHILDREN FEMALE LABOR FORCE YOUNG WOMEN ECONOMIC PROGRESS INTERNAL MIGRATION FIRST MARRIAGE POLICY IMPLICATIONS LOWER FERTILITY POPULATION LABOR SUPPLY STUDENTS LIVING CONDITIONS TEENAGE PREGNANCIES POLICY RESEARCH MARRIED WOMEN SOCIOECONOMIC DIFFERENCES LOW FERTILITY PRIMARY EDUCATION FERTILITY WOMEN FERTILITY DECLINE GENDER ROLES SECONDARY EDUCATION TERTIARY EDUCATION UNIVERSITY EDUCATION DECLINE IN FERTILITY BOTH SEXES EARLY CHILD CARE GENDER EQUALITY DEVELOPMENT POLICY HUMAN DEVELOPMENT In Turkey, female employment and education are still relatively low, while fertility levels are high compared with other European countries. However, Turkey stands just at the edge of an important social transition. Increasing female education and employment come along with important decreases in fertility. By mobilizing census and survey data, this paper finds that fertility decreases are mainly caused by fewer transitions to a third birth. Graduate women participating in the formal labor market are most at risk of deciding against child arrival in comparison with inactive or unemployed women. The third rank is particularly concerned, as women’s income contribution seems to be crucial for many families that already have two children, and the arrival of a third child risks reducing or stopping women’s working activities in the absence of institutional childcare support. Policies enabling women to combine work and family life, which have been proven effective in other European countries, emerge as useful to avoid a further fertility decline below replacement level in Turkey. 2015-07-16T16:32:51Z 2015-07-16T16:32:51Z 2015-06 Working Paper http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/06/24644332/fertility-transition-turkeywho-most-risk-deciding-against-child-arrival http://hdl.handle.net/10986/22181 English en_US Policy Research Working Paper;No. 7310 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Europe and Central Asia Turkey |
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Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
FEMALE EDUCATION NUMBER OF CHILDREN SOCIAL NORMS WORKFORCE FERTILITY TRANSITION ECONOMIC GROWTH CONTRACEPTION URBANIZATION EDUCATION OF GIRLS DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS FAMILY SIZES FEWER WOMEN FIRST CHILD POLICY FRAMEWORK LEVELS OF EDUCATION TRADITIONAL GENDER ROLES LABOR FORCE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISCRIMINATION REPLACEMENT LEVEL GENDER EQUITY POLICY DISCUSSIONS CHILD BIRTH SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT FERTILITY TRENDS SOCIAL SCIENCES PARENTAL ROLES ACCESS TO EDUCATION POPULATION CENSUS LABOR MARKET MATERNITY LEAVE POPULATION CENSUS FAMILY POLICIES GENDER GAP PREGNANCIES GENDER GAP IN EDUCATION EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT SMALL FAMILIES INTEGRATION OF WOMEN FERTILITY RATES INTERNAL MIGRATIONS FERTILITY DECLINES IDEAL NUMBER OF CHILDREN FERTILITY RATE ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT MIGRATION CHILDBEARING AGE HOUSEHOLD INCOME CHILDBEARING AGES STATE PLANNING MARRIAGE SOCIAL SECURITY ECONOMIC CHANGE UNIVERSITY EDUCATION FERTILITY DIFFERENTIALS CHILD CARE FERTILITY LEVELS FAMILY RESOURCES EDUCATED WOMEN SECONDARY EDUCATION PROGRESS UNEMPLOYMENT SAME SEX FAMILY PREFERENCE CHILDBIRTH HUMAN CAPITAL AGE OF MARRIAGE EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN POLICIES POPULATION STUDIES GENDER DIFFERENCES WOMAN POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POLICY MAKERS SOCIAL POLICY DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION FAMILY FORMATION LABOUR MARKET FAMILY INCOME SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT URBAN AREAS FAMILY PLANNING FEWER CHILDREN EARLY CHILDHOOD POPULATION RESEARCH IMPACT ON FERTILITY POPULATIONS ILLITERATE WOMEN MOTHER YOUNG CHILDREN ACCESS TO CONTRACEPTION PROCREATION BULLETIN CHILDBEARING CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT POLICY SOCIAL STATUS FERTILITY SURVEY CHILDREN PER WOMAN NUMBER OF WOMEN SEX MINORITY PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN LEVEL OF EDUCATION PARENTAL LEAVE RURAL AREAS ACCESS TO FAMILY PLANNING NUMBER OF CHILDREN FEMALE LABOR FORCE YOUNG WOMEN ECONOMIC PROGRESS INTERNAL MIGRATION FIRST MARRIAGE POLICY IMPLICATIONS LOWER FERTILITY POPULATION LABOR SUPPLY STUDENTS LIVING CONDITIONS TEENAGE PREGNANCIES POLICY RESEARCH MARRIED WOMEN SOCIOECONOMIC DIFFERENCES LOW FERTILITY PRIMARY EDUCATION FERTILITY WOMEN FERTILITY DECLINE GENDER ROLES SECONDARY EDUCATION TERTIARY EDUCATION UNIVERSITY EDUCATION DECLINE IN FERTILITY BOTH SEXES EARLY CHILD CARE GENDER EQUALITY DEVELOPMENT POLICY HUMAN DEVELOPMENT |
| spellingShingle |
FEMALE EDUCATION NUMBER OF CHILDREN SOCIAL NORMS WORKFORCE FERTILITY TRANSITION ECONOMIC GROWTH CONTRACEPTION URBANIZATION EDUCATION OF GIRLS DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS FAMILY SIZES FEWER WOMEN FIRST CHILD POLICY FRAMEWORK LEVELS OF EDUCATION TRADITIONAL GENDER ROLES LABOR FORCE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISCRIMINATION REPLACEMENT LEVEL GENDER EQUITY POLICY DISCUSSIONS CHILD BIRTH SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT FERTILITY TRENDS SOCIAL SCIENCES PARENTAL ROLES ACCESS TO EDUCATION POPULATION CENSUS LABOR MARKET MATERNITY LEAVE POPULATION CENSUS FAMILY POLICIES GENDER GAP PREGNANCIES GENDER GAP IN EDUCATION EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT SMALL FAMILIES INTEGRATION OF WOMEN FERTILITY RATES INTERNAL MIGRATIONS FERTILITY DECLINES IDEAL NUMBER OF CHILDREN FERTILITY RATE ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT MIGRATION CHILDBEARING AGE HOUSEHOLD INCOME CHILDBEARING AGES STATE PLANNING MARRIAGE SOCIAL SECURITY ECONOMIC CHANGE UNIVERSITY EDUCATION FERTILITY DIFFERENTIALS CHILD CARE FERTILITY LEVELS FAMILY RESOURCES EDUCATED WOMEN SECONDARY EDUCATION PROGRESS UNEMPLOYMENT SAME SEX FAMILY PREFERENCE CHILDBIRTH HUMAN CAPITAL AGE OF MARRIAGE EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN POLICIES POPULATION STUDIES GENDER DIFFERENCES WOMAN POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POLICY MAKERS SOCIAL POLICY DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION FAMILY FORMATION LABOUR MARKET FAMILY INCOME SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT URBAN AREAS FAMILY PLANNING FEWER CHILDREN EARLY CHILDHOOD POPULATION RESEARCH IMPACT ON FERTILITY POPULATIONS ILLITERATE WOMEN MOTHER YOUNG CHILDREN ACCESS TO CONTRACEPTION PROCREATION BULLETIN CHILDBEARING CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT POLICY SOCIAL STATUS FERTILITY SURVEY CHILDREN PER WOMAN NUMBER OF WOMEN SEX MINORITY PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN LEVEL OF EDUCATION PARENTAL LEAVE RURAL AREAS ACCESS TO FAMILY PLANNING NUMBER OF CHILDREN FEMALE LABOR FORCE YOUNG WOMEN ECONOMIC PROGRESS INTERNAL MIGRATION FIRST MARRIAGE POLICY IMPLICATIONS LOWER FERTILITY POPULATION LABOR SUPPLY STUDENTS LIVING CONDITIONS TEENAGE PREGNANCIES POLICY RESEARCH MARRIED WOMEN SOCIOECONOMIC DIFFERENCES LOW FERTILITY PRIMARY EDUCATION FERTILITY WOMEN FERTILITY DECLINE GENDER ROLES SECONDARY EDUCATION TERTIARY EDUCATION UNIVERSITY EDUCATION DECLINE IN FERTILITY BOTH SEXES EARLY CHILD CARE GENDER EQUALITY DEVELOPMENT POLICY HUMAN DEVELOPMENT Greulich, Angela Dasre, Aurélien Inan, Ceren Fertility Transition in Turkey : Who Is Most at Risk of Deciding Against Child Arrival? |
| geographic_facet |
Europe and Central Asia Turkey |
| relation |
Policy Research Working Paper;No. 7310 |
| description |
In Turkey, female employment and
education are still relatively low, while fertility levels
are high compared with other European countries. However,
Turkey stands just at the edge of an important social
transition. Increasing female education and employment come
along with important decreases in fertility. By mobilizing
census and survey data, this paper finds that fertility
decreases are mainly caused by fewer transitions to a third
birth. Graduate women participating in the formal labor
market are most at risk of deciding against child arrival in
comparison with inactive or unemployed women. The third rank
is particularly concerned, as women’s income contribution
seems to be crucial for many families that already have two
children, and the arrival of a third child risks reducing or
stopping women’s working activities in the absence of
institutional childcare support. Policies enabling women to
combine work and family life, which have been proven
effective in other European countries, emerge as useful to
avoid a further fertility decline below replacement level in Turkey. |
| format |
Working Paper |
| author |
Greulich, Angela Dasre, Aurélien Inan, Ceren |
| author_facet |
Greulich, Angela Dasre, Aurélien Inan, Ceren |
| author_sort |
Greulich, Angela |
| title |
Fertility Transition in Turkey : Who Is Most at Risk of Deciding Against Child Arrival? |
| title_short |
Fertility Transition in Turkey : Who Is Most at Risk of Deciding Against Child Arrival? |
| title_full |
Fertility Transition in Turkey : Who Is Most at Risk of Deciding Against Child Arrival? |
| title_fullStr |
Fertility Transition in Turkey : Who Is Most at Risk of Deciding Against Child Arrival? |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Fertility Transition in Turkey : Who Is Most at Risk of Deciding Against Child Arrival? |
| title_sort |
fertility transition in turkey : who is most at risk of deciding against child arrival? |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2015 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/06/24644332/fertility-transition-turkeywho-most-risk-deciding-against-child-arrival http://hdl.handle.net/10986/22181 |
| _version_ |
1764450371215818752 |