Gender Education Gaps among Indigenous and Nonindigenous Groups in Bolivia

This paper studies gender education gaps among indigenous and nonindigenous groups in Bolivia. Using the National Census of Population and Housing 2012 and an estimation method analogous to difference-in-differences, the paper finds that the inters...

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Main Authors:	Reimão, Maira Emy, Taş, Emcet O.
Format:	Working Paper
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2015
Subjects:	SANITATION SKILLS SCHOOL SYSTEM FEMALE EDUCATION EDUCATIONAL REFORMS BASIC EDUCATION GENDER INEQUALITY NATIONAL SCHOOL TEACHERS SCHOOL DROPOUT SCHOOLING SCHOOL ENROLLMENT EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT LEVELS OF EDUCATION ETHNIC GROUPS EDUCATION REFORMS COMMITMENT TO MULTICULTURALISM EDUCATION OUTCOMES INDIGENOUS EDUCATION DECENTRALIZATION OF EDUCATION COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN EDUCATION SUPPLY OF SCHOOLS LITERACY RATES EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT INDIGENOUS CHILDREN TEACHER QUALIFICATION COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION ACCESS TO EDUCATION LITERACY INDIGENOUS SCHOOLS KNOWLEDGE GENDER EDUCATION LITERACY RATE COMPLETION RATES INDIGENOUS LANGUAGES PRIMARY SCHOOL COMPLETION GENDER GAP QUALITY OF EDUCATION EDUCATION POLICIES EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT IMPACT OF EDUCATION ON FERTILITY EDUCATION DISCOURSE EDUCATIONAL GAPS PRIMARY COMPLETION RATE SECONDARY SCHOOL PARENTAL EDUCATION EDUCATION FOR WOMEN ACCESS TO PRIMARY EDUCATION LOWER LEVELS OF EDUCATION SCHOOL COMPLETION PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHING SCHOOL NETWORK SCHOOL-AGE EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTS PRIMARY SCHOOL COMPLETION RATES PARENTS’ EDUCATION PRIMARY SCHOOLS EDUCATION SYSTEMS RURAL EDUCATION PERSISTENT INEQUALITIES DROPOUT RATES RURAL SCHOOLS UNIVERSAL EDUCATION PRIMARY COMPLETION FEMALE MEMBERS VALUES SCHOOLS EDUCATIONAL DISADVANTAGES SCHOOL ATTENDANCE INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES EDUCATION REFORM EDUCATION SERVICES RURAL TEACHERS SLUM POPULATIONS EXCLUSION IN EDUCATION EXPANSION OF EDUCATION GIRLS’ EDUCATION INDIGENOUS PEOPLE INDIGENOUS CULTURE IMPACT OF EDUCATION PARENTAL INCOME CURRICULUM TEACHER EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES EDUCATIONAL STANDARDS EDUCATION PEDAGOGICAL PRACTICES WOMEN IN LITERACY SCHOOL COVERAGE PARTICIPATION IN EDUCATION LINGUISTIC DIVERSITY SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN LIVING CONDITIONS PRIMARY EDUCATION TEACHER ABSENTEEISM FORMAL SCHOOLING AVAILABILITY OF SCHOOLS PHYSICAL ACCESS SCHOOL SCHOOL INFRASTRUCTURE SECONDARY EDUCATION GENDER EQUALITY EDUCATIONAL DISPARITIES RETURNS TO EDUCATION SCHOOL AGE
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/08/24890239/gender-education-gaps-among-indigenous-nonindigenous-groups-bolivia http://hdl.handle.net/10986/22441

id	okr-10986-22441
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	okr-10986-224412021-04-23T14:04:09Z Gender Education Gaps among Indigenous and Nonindigenous Groups in Bolivia Reimão, Maira Emy Taş, Emcet O. SANITATION SKILLS SCHOOL SYSTEM FEMALE EDUCATION EDUCATIONAL REFORMS BASIC EDUCATION GENDER INEQUALITY NATIONAL SCHOOL TEACHERS SCHOOL DROPOUT SCHOOLING SCHOOL ENROLLMENT EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT LEVELS OF EDUCATION ETHNIC GROUPS EDUCATION REFORMS COMMITMENT TO MULTICULTURALISM EDUCATION OUTCOMES INDIGENOUS EDUCATION DECENTRALIZATION OF EDUCATION COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN EDUCATION SUPPLY OF SCHOOLS LITERACY RATES EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT INDIGENOUS CHILDREN TEACHER QUALIFICATION COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION ACCESS TO EDUCATION LITERACY INDIGENOUS SCHOOLS KNOWLEDGE GENDER EDUCATION LITERACY RATE COMPLETION RATES INDIGENOUS LANGUAGES PRIMARY SCHOOL COMPLETION GENDER GAP QUALITY OF EDUCATION EDUCATION POLICIES EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT IMPACT OF EDUCATION ON FERTILITY EDUCATION DISCOURSE EDUCATIONAL GAPS PRIMARY COMPLETION RATE SECONDARY SCHOOL PARENTAL EDUCATION EDUCATION FOR WOMEN ACCESS TO PRIMARY EDUCATION LOWER LEVELS OF EDUCATION SCHOOL COMPLETION PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHING SCHOOL NETWORK SCHOOL-AGE EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTS PRIMARY SCHOOL COMPLETION RATES PARENTS’ EDUCATION PRIMARY SCHOOLS EDUCATION SYSTEMS RURAL EDUCATION PERSISTENT INEQUALITIES DROPOUT RATES RURAL SCHOOLS UNIVERSAL EDUCATION PRIMARY COMPLETION FEMALE MEMBERS VALUES SCHOOLS EDUCATIONAL DISADVANTAGES SCHOOL ATTENDANCE INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES EDUCATION REFORM EDUCATION SERVICES RURAL TEACHERS SLUM POPULATIONS EXCLUSION IN EDUCATION EXPANSION OF EDUCATION GIRLS’ EDUCATION INDIGENOUS PEOPLE INDIGENOUS CULTURE IMPACT OF EDUCATION PARENTAL INCOME CURRICULUM TEACHER EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES EDUCATIONAL STANDARDS EDUCATION PEDAGOGICAL PRACTICES WOMEN IN LITERACY SCHOOL COVERAGE PARTICIPATION IN EDUCATION LINGUISTIC DIVERSITY SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN LIVING CONDITIONS PRIMARY EDUCATION TEACHER ABSENTEEISM FORMAL SCHOOLING AVAILABILITY OF SCHOOLS PHYSICAL ACCESS SCHOOL SCHOOL INFRASTRUCTURE SECONDARY EDUCATION GENDER EQUALITY EDUCATIONAL DISPARITIES RETURNS TO EDUCATION SCHOOL AGE This paper studies gender education gaps among indigenous and nonindigenous groups in Bolivia. Using the National Census of Population and Housing 2012 and an estimation method analogous to difference-in-differences, the paper finds that the intersection of gender and indigenous identity confers cumulative disadvantage for indigenous women in literacy, years of schooling, and primary and secondary school completion. Although gender education gaps have become narrower across generations, there remain significant differences among indigenous groups. The Aymara have the largest gender gap in all outcomes, despite having high overall attainment rates and mostly residing in urban centers, with greater physical access to schools. The Quechua have relatively smaller gender gaps, but these are accompanied by lower attainment levels. The paper discusses the possible sources of these differentials and highlights the importance of taking gender dynamics within each indigenous group into greater consideration. 2015-08-17T18:31:44Z 2015-08-17T18:31:44Z 2015-08 Working Paper http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/08/24890239/gender-education-gaps-among-indigenous-nonindigenous-groups-bolivia http://hdl.handle.net/10986/22441 English en_US Policy Research Working Paper;No. 7387 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Bolivia
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English en_US
topic	SANITATION SKILLS SCHOOL SYSTEM FEMALE EDUCATION EDUCATIONAL REFORMS BASIC EDUCATION GENDER INEQUALITY NATIONAL SCHOOL TEACHERS SCHOOL DROPOUT SCHOOLING SCHOOL ENROLLMENT EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT LEVELS OF EDUCATION ETHNIC GROUPS EDUCATION REFORMS COMMITMENT TO MULTICULTURALISM EDUCATION OUTCOMES INDIGENOUS EDUCATION DECENTRALIZATION OF EDUCATION COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN EDUCATION SUPPLY OF SCHOOLS LITERACY RATES EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT INDIGENOUS CHILDREN TEACHER QUALIFICATION COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION ACCESS TO EDUCATION LITERACY INDIGENOUS SCHOOLS KNOWLEDGE GENDER EDUCATION LITERACY RATE COMPLETION RATES INDIGENOUS LANGUAGES PRIMARY SCHOOL COMPLETION GENDER GAP QUALITY OF EDUCATION EDUCATION POLICIES EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT IMPACT OF EDUCATION ON FERTILITY EDUCATION DISCOURSE EDUCATIONAL GAPS PRIMARY COMPLETION RATE SECONDARY SCHOOL PARENTAL EDUCATION EDUCATION FOR WOMEN ACCESS TO PRIMARY EDUCATION LOWER LEVELS OF EDUCATION SCHOOL COMPLETION PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHING SCHOOL NETWORK SCHOOL-AGE EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTS PRIMARY SCHOOL COMPLETION RATES PARENTS’ EDUCATION PRIMARY SCHOOLS EDUCATION SYSTEMS RURAL EDUCATION PERSISTENT INEQUALITIES DROPOUT RATES RURAL SCHOOLS UNIVERSAL EDUCATION PRIMARY COMPLETION FEMALE MEMBERS VALUES SCHOOLS EDUCATIONAL DISADVANTAGES SCHOOL ATTENDANCE INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES EDUCATION REFORM EDUCATION SERVICES RURAL TEACHERS SLUM POPULATIONS EXCLUSION IN EDUCATION EXPANSION OF EDUCATION GIRLS’ EDUCATION INDIGENOUS PEOPLE INDIGENOUS CULTURE IMPACT OF EDUCATION PARENTAL INCOME CURRICULUM TEACHER EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES EDUCATIONAL STANDARDS EDUCATION PEDAGOGICAL PRACTICES WOMEN IN LITERACY SCHOOL COVERAGE PARTICIPATION IN EDUCATION LINGUISTIC DIVERSITY SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN LIVING CONDITIONS PRIMARY EDUCATION TEACHER ABSENTEEISM FORMAL SCHOOLING AVAILABILITY OF SCHOOLS PHYSICAL ACCESS SCHOOL SCHOOL INFRASTRUCTURE SECONDARY EDUCATION GENDER EQUALITY EDUCATIONAL DISPARITIES RETURNS TO EDUCATION SCHOOL AGE
spellingShingle	SANITATION SKILLS SCHOOL SYSTEM FEMALE EDUCATION EDUCATIONAL REFORMS BASIC EDUCATION GENDER INEQUALITY NATIONAL SCHOOL TEACHERS SCHOOL DROPOUT SCHOOLING SCHOOL ENROLLMENT EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT LEVELS OF EDUCATION ETHNIC GROUPS EDUCATION REFORMS COMMITMENT TO MULTICULTURALISM EDUCATION OUTCOMES INDIGENOUS EDUCATION DECENTRALIZATION OF EDUCATION COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN EDUCATION SUPPLY OF SCHOOLS LITERACY RATES EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT INDIGENOUS CHILDREN TEACHER QUALIFICATION COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION ACCESS TO EDUCATION LITERACY INDIGENOUS SCHOOLS KNOWLEDGE GENDER EDUCATION LITERACY RATE COMPLETION RATES INDIGENOUS LANGUAGES PRIMARY SCHOOL COMPLETION GENDER GAP QUALITY OF EDUCATION EDUCATION POLICIES EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT IMPACT OF EDUCATION ON FERTILITY EDUCATION DISCOURSE EDUCATIONAL GAPS PRIMARY COMPLETION RATE SECONDARY SCHOOL PARENTAL EDUCATION EDUCATION FOR WOMEN ACCESS TO PRIMARY EDUCATION LOWER LEVELS OF EDUCATION SCHOOL COMPLETION PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHING SCHOOL NETWORK SCHOOL-AGE EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTS PRIMARY SCHOOL COMPLETION RATES PARENTS’ EDUCATION PRIMARY SCHOOLS EDUCATION SYSTEMS RURAL EDUCATION PERSISTENT INEQUALITIES DROPOUT RATES RURAL SCHOOLS UNIVERSAL EDUCATION PRIMARY COMPLETION FEMALE MEMBERS VALUES SCHOOLS EDUCATIONAL DISADVANTAGES SCHOOL ATTENDANCE INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES EDUCATION REFORM EDUCATION SERVICES RURAL TEACHERS SLUM POPULATIONS EXCLUSION IN EDUCATION EXPANSION OF EDUCATION GIRLS’ EDUCATION INDIGENOUS PEOPLE INDIGENOUS CULTURE IMPACT OF EDUCATION PARENTAL INCOME CURRICULUM TEACHER EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES EDUCATIONAL STANDARDS EDUCATION PEDAGOGICAL PRACTICES WOMEN IN LITERACY SCHOOL COVERAGE PARTICIPATION IN EDUCATION LINGUISTIC DIVERSITY SCHOOL-AGE CHILDREN LIVING CONDITIONS PRIMARY EDUCATION TEACHER ABSENTEEISM FORMAL SCHOOLING AVAILABILITY OF SCHOOLS PHYSICAL ACCESS SCHOOL SCHOOL INFRASTRUCTURE SECONDARY EDUCATION GENDER EQUALITY EDUCATIONAL DISPARITIES RETURNS TO EDUCATION SCHOOL AGE Reimão, Maira Emy Taş, Emcet O. Gender Education Gaps among Indigenous and Nonindigenous Groups in Bolivia
geographic_facet	Bolivia
relation	Policy Research Working Paper;No. 7387
description	This paper studies gender education gaps among indigenous and nonindigenous groups in Bolivia. Using the National Census of Population and Housing 2012 and an estimation method analogous to difference-in-differences, the paper finds that the intersection of gender and indigenous identity confers cumulative disadvantage for indigenous women in literacy, years of schooling, and primary and secondary school completion. Although gender education gaps have become narrower across generations, there remain significant differences among indigenous groups. The Aymara have the largest gender gap in all outcomes, despite having high overall attainment rates and mostly residing in urban centers, with greater physical access to schools. The Quechua have relatively smaller gender gaps, but these are accompanied by lower attainment levels. The paper discusses the possible sources of these differentials and highlights the importance of taking gender dynamics within each indigenous group into greater consideration.
format	Working Paper
author	Reimão, Maira Emy Taş, Emcet O.
author_facet	Reimão, Maira Emy Taş, Emcet O.
author_sort	Reimão, Maira Emy
title	Gender Education Gaps among Indigenous and Nonindigenous Groups in Bolivia
title_short	Gender Education Gaps among Indigenous and Nonindigenous Groups in Bolivia
title_full	Gender Education Gaps among Indigenous and Nonindigenous Groups in Bolivia
title_fullStr	Gender Education Gaps among Indigenous and Nonindigenous Groups in Bolivia
title_full_unstemmed	Gender Education Gaps among Indigenous and Nonindigenous Groups in Bolivia
title_sort	gender education gaps among indigenous and nonindigenous groups in bolivia
publisher	World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate	2015
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/08/24890239/gender-education-gaps-among-indigenous-nonindigenous-groups-bolivia http://hdl.handle.net/10986/22441
_version_	1764451091743768576

Gender Education Gaps among Indigenous and Nonindigenous Groups in Bolivia

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