Family Policies in Russia : Could Efforts to Raise Fertility Rates Slow Population Aging?
Policymakers in many countries, including the Russian Federation, are attempting to encourage fertility as part of their response to the challenge of population aging. Whether pro-natalist policies will be effective depends crucially on how well th...
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| Format: | Working Paper |
| Language: | English en_US |
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World Bank, Washington, DC
2015
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/09/25045632/ http://hdl.handle.net/10986/22614 |
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okr-10986-22614 |
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| recordtype |
oai_dc |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
LIVING STANDARDS POPULATION INCREASE UNITED NATIONS POPULATION DIVISION CAREGIVERS UNEMPLOYMENT RATES REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH YOUNG ADULTHOOD WORKFORCE ECONOMIC GROWTH QUALITY OF SERVICES WORKING-AGE POPULATION DEPENDENT CHILDREN OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN FIRST CHILD HIGH DEATH RATES FAMILY SUPPORT HIGH BIRTH RATE LABOR FORCE WOMEN OF CHILDBEARING AGE REPLACEMENT LEVEL FERTILITY PATTERNS ACCESS TO CONTRACEPTIVES HEALTH CARE IMMIGRANTS GENDER EQUITY GENDER PARITY DEMOGRAPHIC POLICIES NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS CHILD BIRTH YOUNG MOTHERS FERTILITY TRENDS FUTURE GENERATIONS VULNERABILITY POPULATION SIZE GOVERNMENT SUPPORT POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT OLD-AGE LONGER LIFE PUBLIC HEALTH EFFECTIVE POLICIES LIFE EXPECTANCY DEMOGRAPHERS PUBLIC POLICY LABOR MARKET MATERNITY LEAVE FAMILY POLICIES DECENT HEALTH CARE NEWBORNS GENDER GAP TRAINING GENDER STEREOTYPES EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT POPULATION GROWTH POPULATION DIVISION FERTILITY RATES FAMILY SIZE BABY IDEAL NUMBER OF CHILDREN DEMOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS SECONDARY SCHOOL CITIZEN FERTILITY RATE BIRTH RATES MIGRATION EMERGENCIES CHILDBEARING AGE ADOPTION HOUSEHOLD INCOME GENDER INEQUALITIES MEDICAL CARE MARRIAGE SOCIAL SECURITY LARGER FAMILIES DEPENDENCY RATIOS PRIMARY SCHOOL SUPPORT TO FAMILIES GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT CHILD CARE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM ELDERLY WORKING MOTHERS EDUCATED WOMEN INFORMATION CAMPAIGNS MARKET ECONOMY UNEMPLOYMENT EDUCATED MOTHERS CHILDBIRTH DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION HUMAN CAPITAL INFANT EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN YOUNG ADULTS POLICIES CONTRACEPTIVES IMMIGRATION POLICY WOMAN PENSIONS SINGLE CHILD MARRIED COUPLES SOCIAL POLICY REPRODUCTIVE INTENTIONS LABOUR MARKET GOVERNMENT OFFICES WOMEN DURING PREGNANCY SAFETY NET PUBLIC AWARENESS IMPACTS OF POPULATION REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR FEWER CHILDREN GLOBAL POPULATION EARLY CHILDHOOD REGIONAL INITIATIVES ENHANCING WOMEN POPULATION RESEARCH POPULATION CONFERENCE IMPACT ON FERTILITY POPULATIONS MOTHER YOUNG CHILDREN CHILDBEARING POLICY OLDER WOMEN REPRODUCTIVE AGE LARGE FAMILIES SOCIAL POLICIES SMALLER FAMILIES NUMBER OF WOMEN CHILDREN PER WOMAN SEX FIRST BIRTH GOVERNMENT POLICIES MODERN CONTRACEPTIVES PREGNANT WOMEN PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN WORKING CONDITIONS WAR TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES PARENTAL LEAVE NUMBER OF BIRTHS RURAL AREAS NUMBER OF CHILDREN FEMALE LABOR FORCE ILLNESS IMMIGRATION NUMBER OF ABORTIONS NUMBER OF DEATHS LOWER FERTILITY NATIONAL COUNCIL POPULATION DEATH RATES MARITAL STATUS FAMILY RESPONSIBILITIES LIVING CONDITIONS MARRIED WOMEN LOW FERTILITY FERTILITY WOMEN NEWBORN FERTILITY DECLINE DEMOGRAPHIC POLICY PREGNANCY FIRST BIRTHS ABORTION DECLINE IN FERTILITY NUMBER OF CHILDREN PER WOMAN |
| spellingShingle |
LIVING STANDARDS POPULATION INCREASE UNITED NATIONS POPULATION DIVISION CAREGIVERS UNEMPLOYMENT RATES REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH YOUNG ADULTHOOD WORKFORCE ECONOMIC GROWTH QUALITY OF SERVICES WORKING-AGE POPULATION DEPENDENT CHILDREN OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN FIRST CHILD HIGH DEATH RATES FAMILY SUPPORT HIGH BIRTH RATE LABOR FORCE WOMEN OF CHILDBEARING AGE REPLACEMENT LEVEL FERTILITY PATTERNS ACCESS TO CONTRACEPTIVES HEALTH CARE IMMIGRANTS GENDER EQUITY GENDER PARITY DEMOGRAPHIC POLICIES NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS CHILD BIRTH YOUNG MOTHERS FERTILITY TRENDS FUTURE GENERATIONS VULNERABILITY POPULATION SIZE GOVERNMENT SUPPORT POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT OLD-AGE LONGER LIFE PUBLIC HEALTH EFFECTIVE POLICIES LIFE EXPECTANCY DEMOGRAPHERS PUBLIC POLICY LABOR MARKET MATERNITY LEAVE FAMILY POLICIES DECENT HEALTH CARE NEWBORNS GENDER GAP TRAINING GENDER STEREOTYPES EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT POPULATION GROWTH POPULATION DIVISION FERTILITY RATES FAMILY SIZE BABY IDEAL NUMBER OF CHILDREN DEMOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS SECONDARY SCHOOL CITIZEN FERTILITY RATE BIRTH RATES MIGRATION EMERGENCIES CHILDBEARING AGE ADOPTION HOUSEHOLD INCOME GENDER INEQUALITIES MEDICAL CARE MARRIAGE SOCIAL SECURITY LARGER FAMILIES DEPENDENCY RATIOS PRIMARY SCHOOL SUPPORT TO FAMILIES GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT CHILD CARE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM ELDERLY WORKING MOTHERS EDUCATED WOMEN INFORMATION CAMPAIGNS MARKET ECONOMY UNEMPLOYMENT EDUCATED MOTHERS CHILDBIRTH DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION HUMAN CAPITAL INFANT EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN YOUNG ADULTS POLICIES CONTRACEPTIVES IMMIGRATION POLICY WOMAN PENSIONS SINGLE CHILD MARRIED COUPLES SOCIAL POLICY REPRODUCTIVE INTENTIONS LABOUR MARKET GOVERNMENT OFFICES WOMEN DURING PREGNANCY SAFETY NET PUBLIC AWARENESS IMPACTS OF POPULATION REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR FEWER CHILDREN GLOBAL POPULATION EARLY CHILDHOOD REGIONAL INITIATIVES ENHANCING WOMEN POPULATION RESEARCH POPULATION CONFERENCE IMPACT ON FERTILITY POPULATIONS MOTHER YOUNG CHILDREN CHILDBEARING POLICY OLDER WOMEN REPRODUCTIVE AGE LARGE FAMILIES SOCIAL POLICIES SMALLER FAMILIES NUMBER OF WOMEN CHILDREN PER WOMAN SEX FIRST BIRTH GOVERNMENT POLICIES MODERN CONTRACEPTIVES PREGNANT WOMEN PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN WORKING CONDITIONS WAR TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES PARENTAL LEAVE NUMBER OF BIRTHS RURAL AREAS NUMBER OF CHILDREN FEMALE LABOR FORCE ILLNESS IMMIGRATION NUMBER OF ABORTIONS NUMBER OF DEATHS LOWER FERTILITY NATIONAL COUNCIL POPULATION DEATH RATES MARITAL STATUS FAMILY RESPONSIBILITIES LIVING CONDITIONS MARRIED WOMEN LOW FERTILITY FERTILITY WOMEN NEWBORN FERTILITY DECLINE DEMOGRAPHIC POLICY PREGNANCY FIRST BIRTHS ABORTION DECLINE IN FERTILITY NUMBER OF CHILDREN PER WOMAN Elizarov, Valeriy Levin, Victoria Family Policies in Russia : Could Efforts to Raise Fertility Rates Slow Population Aging? |
| geographic_facet |
Europe and Central Asia Russian Federation |
| description |
Policymakers in many countries,
including the Russian Federation, are attempting to
encourage fertility as part of their response to the
challenge of population aging. Whether pro-natalist policies
will be effective depends crucially on how well they address
the underlying causes of low fertility and barriers to
larger family size. While in some countries in Western
Europe postponing childbearing and increased childlessness
seem to be driving the fertility decline, these factors do
not appear to be as influential in Russia. Instead, the
problem seems to be the relatively low frequency of second
and higher-order births, which persists despite major
changes to pro-natalist policies introduced in 2007 and the
prevalence of the two-child ideal of family size. This study
analyzes current and prospective fertility trends in
contemporary Russia, with special attention to second-child
birth dynamics and its determinants. Stable employment and
accessibility of formal childcare options are found to be
factors that are correlated with mothers preferences for
additional children and the probability that they will have
a second child. In light of this observation and
international experience, a menu of policies to improve
work-family balance is suggested. |
| format |
Working Paper |
| author |
Elizarov, Valeriy Levin, Victoria |
| author_facet |
Elizarov, Valeriy Levin, Victoria |
| author_sort |
Elizarov, Valeriy |
| title |
Family Policies in Russia : Could Efforts to Raise Fertility Rates Slow Population Aging? |
| title_short |
Family Policies in Russia : Could Efforts to Raise Fertility Rates Slow Population Aging? |
| title_full |
Family Policies in Russia : Could Efforts to Raise Fertility Rates Slow Population Aging? |
| title_fullStr |
Family Policies in Russia : Could Efforts to Raise Fertility Rates Slow Population Aging? |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Family Policies in Russia : Could Efforts to Raise Fertility Rates Slow Population Aging? |
| title_sort |
family policies in russia : could efforts to raise fertility rates slow population aging? |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2015 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/09/25045632/ http://hdl.handle.net/10986/22614 |
| _version_ |
1764451604129382400 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-226142021-04-23T14:04:09Z Family Policies in Russia : Could Efforts to Raise Fertility Rates Slow Population Aging? Elizarov, Valeriy Levin, Victoria LIVING STANDARDS POPULATION INCREASE UNITED NATIONS POPULATION DIVISION CAREGIVERS UNEMPLOYMENT RATES REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH YOUNG ADULTHOOD WORKFORCE ECONOMIC GROWTH QUALITY OF SERVICES WORKING-AGE POPULATION DEPENDENT CHILDREN OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN FIRST CHILD HIGH DEATH RATES FAMILY SUPPORT HIGH BIRTH RATE LABOR FORCE WOMEN OF CHILDBEARING AGE REPLACEMENT LEVEL FERTILITY PATTERNS ACCESS TO CONTRACEPTIVES HEALTH CARE IMMIGRANTS GENDER EQUITY GENDER PARITY DEMOGRAPHIC POLICIES NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS CHILD BIRTH YOUNG MOTHERS FERTILITY TRENDS FUTURE GENERATIONS VULNERABILITY POPULATION SIZE GOVERNMENT SUPPORT POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT OLD-AGE LONGER LIFE PUBLIC HEALTH EFFECTIVE POLICIES LIFE EXPECTANCY DEMOGRAPHERS PUBLIC POLICY LABOR MARKET MATERNITY LEAVE FAMILY POLICIES DECENT HEALTH CARE NEWBORNS GENDER GAP TRAINING GENDER STEREOTYPES EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT POPULATION GROWTH POPULATION DIVISION FERTILITY RATES FAMILY SIZE BABY IDEAL NUMBER OF CHILDREN DEMOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS SECONDARY SCHOOL CITIZEN FERTILITY RATE BIRTH RATES MIGRATION EMERGENCIES CHILDBEARING AGE ADOPTION HOUSEHOLD INCOME GENDER INEQUALITIES MEDICAL CARE MARRIAGE SOCIAL SECURITY LARGER FAMILIES DEPENDENCY RATIOS PRIMARY SCHOOL SUPPORT TO FAMILIES GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT CHILD CARE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM ELDERLY WORKING MOTHERS EDUCATED WOMEN INFORMATION CAMPAIGNS MARKET ECONOMY UNEMPLOYMENT EDUCATED MOTHERS CHILDBIRTH DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION HUMAN CAPITAL INFANT EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN YOUNG ADULTS POLICIES CONTRACEPTIVES IMMIGRATION POLICY WOMAN PENSIONS SINGLE CHILD MARRIED COUPLES SOCIAL POLICY REPRODUCTIVE INTENTIONS LABOUR MARKET GOVERNMENT OFFICES WOMEN DURING PREGNANCY SAFETY NET PUBLIC AWARENESS IMPACTS OF POPULATION REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR FEWER CHILDREN GLOBAL POPULATION EARLY CHILDHOOD REGIONAL INITIATIVES ENHANCING WOMEN POPULATION RESEARCH POPULATION CONFERENCE IMPACT ON FERTILITY POPULATIONS MOTHER YOUNG CHILDREN CHILDBEARING POLICY OLDER WOMEN REPRODUCTIVE AGE LARGE FAMILIES SOCIAL POLICIES SMALLER FAMILIES NUMBER OF WOMEN CHILDREN PER WOMAN SEX FIRST BIRTH GOVERNMENT POLICIES MODERN CONTRACEPTIVES PREGNANT WOMEN PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN WORKING CONDITIONS WAR TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES PARENTAL LEAVE NUMBER OF BIRTHS RURAL AREAS NUMBER OF CHILDREN FEMALE LABOR FORCE ILLNESS IMMIGRATION NUMBER OF ABORTIONS NUMBER OF DEATHS LOWER FERTILITY NATIONAL COUNCIL POPULATION DEATH RATES MARITAL STATUS FAMILY RESPONSIBILITIES LIVING CONDITIONS MARRIED WOMEN LOW FERTILITY FERTILITY WOMEN NEWBORN FERTILITY DECLINE DEMOGRAPHIC POLICY PREGNANCY FIRST BIRTHS ABORTION DECLINE IN FERTILITY NUMBER OF CHILDREN PER WOMAN Policymakers in many countries, including the Russian Federation, are attempting to encourage fertility as part of their response to the challenge of population aging. Whether pro-natalist policies will be effective depends crucially on how well they address the underlying causes of low fertility and barriers to larger family size. While in some countries in Western Europe postponing childbearing and increased childlessness seem to be driving the fertility decline, these factors do not appear to be as influential in Russia. Instead, the problem seems to be the relatively low frequency of second and higher-order births, which persists despite major changes to pro-natalist policies introduced in 2007 and the prevalence of the two-child ideal of family size. This study analyzes current and prospective fertility trends in contemporary Russia, with special attention to second-child birth dynamics and its determinants. Stable employment and accessibility of formal childcare options are found to be factors that are correlated with mothers preferences for additional children and the probability that they will have a second child. In light of this observation and international experience, a menu of policies to improve work-family balance is suggested. 2015-09-14T17:11:34Z 2015-09-14T17:11:34Z 2015-09-12 Working Paper http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/09/25045632/ http://hdl.handle.net/10986/22614 English en_US CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Economic & Sector Work Economic & Sector Work :: Other Social Protection Study Europe and Central Asia Russian Federation |