Gender Gap in Pay in the Russian Federation : Twenty Years Later, Still a Concern

This paper decomposes the gender gap in pay in the Russian Federation along the earnings distribution for the period 1996–2011. The analysis uses a reweighted, recentered influence function decomposition that allows estimating the contribution of e...

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Main Authors:	Atencio, Andrea, Posadas, Josefina
Format:	Working Paper
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2015
Subjects:	SKILLS JOBS EMPLOYMENT RIGHTS WORKING-AGE POPULATION WAGE GAP RETIREMENT CAREER DEVELOPMENT WAGE DIFFERENTIAL INCOME ECONOMIC TRANSITION WAGE DISCRIMINATION PROPERTY RIGHTS INFORMATION LABOR FORCE DISCRIMINATION MONITORING HOUSING POLITICAL ECONOMY JOB EFFECTS FEMALE EMPLOYMENT WAGE INCREASES INCENTIVES PROPORTION OF FEMALES HEALTH LABOR ECONOMICS POLICY DISCUSSIONS WAGE DETERMINATION FIRM SIZE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION GENDER WAGE GAPS PUBLIC HEALTH LABOR MARKET EXPERIENCE NATIONAL POPULATION EQUAL WORK EARNINGS INEQUALITY LABOR MARKET GENDER GAP PRIVATE FIRM TRAINING PREVIOUS STUDIES PRODUCTIVITY ATTRITION WAGE DISPERSION MARKETS HOUSEHOLD INCOME ORGANIZATIONS VOCATIONAL EDUCATION RESEARCH HISTORY LABOR UNIVERSITY EDUCATION PLACE OF RESIDENCE JOB SEARCH WAGE INCREASE RESPECT FEMALE LABOR PROGRESS INFORMATION CAMPAIGNS MARKET ECONOMY HUMAN CAPITAL GENDER GAPS YOUNG MEN GENDER SEGREGATION PREVIOUS WORK WORKERS ACCESS TO JOBS WAGES POLICIES WHO GENDER DIFFERENCES TOTAL WAGE FAMILY POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER WAGE INEQUALITY VALUE GENDER CLERKS FIELDS OCCUPATIONS FEMALE WORKERS OCCUPATION INCOME DISTRIBUTION AGRICULTURE LABOR MARKET CHARACTERISTICS PRIVATE FIRMS LABOR MARKET INSTITUTIONS PRIVATE SECTOR IMPACT OF EDUCATION ECONOMICS POLICY ECONOMIC INEQUALITY WOMEN WITH CHILDREN WAGE STRUCTURE LAND THEORY EDUCATION INVESTMENT HUMAN RESOURCES GENDER ASSESSMENT FEMALE LABOR FORCE EMPLOYEE WAGE DIFFERENTIALS EQUAL PAY POPULATION LAW MARITAL STATUS WORKING WOMEN STUDENTS EMPLOYMENT OUTLOOK PROFESSIONAL WOMEN SELECTION OF WOMEN POPULATION CENTER TECHNICAL EDUCATION MARRIED WOMEN MICROECONOMICS POLICY RESEARCH LEGISLATORS GENDER DISCRIMINATION FERTILITY WOMEN AGRICULTURAL WAGE DISTRIBUTION SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS LABOUR CAPITAL INVESTMENT LABOR MARKETS TECHNOLOGIES SECONDARY EDUCATION COUNTRY GENDER ASSESSMENT PRICES SKILLS—EDUCATION GENDER EQUALITY FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION DEVELOPMENT POLICY INEQUALITY EMPLOYEES
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/08/24960406/gender-gap-pay-russian-federation-twenty-years-later-still-concern http://hdl.handle.net/10986/22663

id	okr-10986-22663
recordtype	oai_dc
spelling	okr-10986-226632021-04-23T14:04:10Z Gender Gap in Pay in the Russian Federation : Twenty Years Later, Still a Concern Atencio, Andrea Posadas, Josefina SKILLS JOBS EMPLOYMENT RIGHTS WORKING-AGE POPULATION WAGE GAP RETIREMENT CAREER DEVELOPMENT WAGE DIFFERENTIAL INCOME ECONOMIC TRANSITION WAGE DISCRIMINATION PROPERTY RIGHTS INFORMATION LABOR FORCE DISCRIMINATION MONITORING HOUSING POLITICAL ECONOMY JOB EFFECTS FEMALE EMPLOYMENT WAGE INCREASES INCENTIVES PROPORTION OF FEMALES HEALTH LABOR ECONOMICS POLICY DISCUSSIONS WAGE DETERMINATION FIRM SIZE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION GENDER WAGE GAPS PUBLIC HEALTH LABOR MARKET EXPERIENCE NATIONAL POPULATION EQUAL WORK EARNINGS INEQUALITY LABOR MARKET GENDER GAP PRIVATE FIRM TRAINING PREVIOUS STUDIES PRODUCTIVITY ATTRITION WAGE DISPERSION MARKETS HOUSEHOLD INCOME ORGANIZATIONS VOCATIONAL EDUCATION RESEARCH HISTORY LABOR UNIVERSITY EDUCATION PLACE OF RESIDENCE JOB SEARCH WAGE INCREASE RESPECT FEMALE LABOR PROGRESS INFORMATION CAMPAIGNS MARKET ECONOMY HUMAN CAPITAL GENDER GAPS YOUNG MEN GENDER SEGREGATION PREVIOUS WORK WORKERS ACCESS TO JOBS WAGES POLICIES WHO GENDER DIFFERENCES TOTAL WAGE FAMILY POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER WAGE INEQUALITY VALUE GENDER CLERKS FIELDS OCCUPATIONS FEMALE WORKERS OCCUPATION INCOME DISTRIBUTION AGRICULTURE LABOR MARKET CHARACTERISTICS PRIVATE FIRMS LABOR MARKET INSTITUTIONS PRIVATE SECTOR IMPACT OF EDUCATION ECONOMICS POLICY ECONOMIC INEQUALITY WOMEN WITH CHILDREN WAGE STRUCTURE LAND THEORY EDUCATION INVESTMENT HUMAN RESOURCES GENDER ASSESSMENT FEMALE LABOR FORCE EMPLOYEE WAGE DIFFERENTIALS EQUAL PAY POPULATION LAW MARITAL STATUS WORKING WOMEN STUDENTS EMPLOYMENT OUTLOOK PROFESSIONAL WOMEN SELECTION OF WOMEN POPULATION CENTER TECHNICAL EDUCATION MARRIED WOMEN MICROECONOMICS POLICY RESEARCH LEGISLATORS GENDER DISCRIMINATION FERTILITY WOMEN AGRICULTURAL WAGE DISTRIBUTION SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS LABOUR CAPITAL INVESTMENT LABOR MARKETS TECHNOLOGIES SECONDARY EDUCATION COUNTRY GENDER ASSESSMENT PRICES SKILLS—EDUCATION GENDER EQUALITY FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION DEVELOPMENT POLICY INEQUALITY EMPLOYEES This paper decomposes the gender gap in pay in the Russian Federation along the earnings distribution for the period 1996–2011. The analysis uses a reweighted, recentered influence function decomposition that allows estimating the contribution of each covariate on the wage structure and composition effects along the earnings distribution. The paper finds that women are in flat career paths compared with men; the importance of observable characteristics that proxy human capital in the gender pay gap decrease along the earnings distribution; and if women’s pay took into account their educational degrees as much as men’s, the gender pay gap would disappear or even reverse at the top of the earnings distribution. The results suggest that women at the bottom of the earnings distribution should be helped to increase their labor market skills, and women at the top of the distribution should be helped to break the glass ceiling and be remunerated for their skills to the same extent as men. 2015-09-23T19:32:43Z 2015-09-23T19:32:43Z 2015-08 Working Paper http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/08/24960406/gender-gap-pay-russian-federation-twenty-years-later-still-concern http://hdl.handle.net/10986/22663 English en_US Policy Research Working Paper;No. 7407 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Europe and Central Asia Russian Federation
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English en_US
topic	SKILLS JOBS EMPLOYMENT RIGHTS WORKING-AGE POPULATION WAGE GAP RETIREMENT CAREER DEVELOPMENT WAGE DIFFERENTIAL INCOME ECONOMIC TRANSITION WAGE DISCRIMINATION PROPERTY RIGHTS INFORMATION LABOR FORCE DISCRIMINATION MONITORING HOUSING POLITICAL ECONOMY JOB EFFECTS FEMALE EMPLOYMENT WAGE INCREASES INCENTIVES PROPORTION OF FEMALES HEALTH LABOR ECONOMICS POLICY DISCUSSIONS WAGE DETERMINATION FIRM SIZE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION GENDER WAGE GAPS PUBLIC HEALTH LABOR MARKET EXPERIENCE NATIONAL POPULATION EQUAL WORK EARNINGS INEQUALITY LABOR MARKET GENDER GAP PRIVATE FIRM TRAINING PREVIOUS STUDIES PRODUCTIVITY ATTRITION WAGE DISPERSION MARKETS HOUSEHOLD INCOME ORGANIZATIONS VOCATIONAL EDUCATION RESEARCH HISTORY LABOR UNIVERSITY EDUCATION PLACE OF RESIDENCE JOB SEARCH WAGE INCREASE RESPECT FEMALE LABOR PROGRESS INFORMATION CAMPAIGNS MARKET ECONOMY HUMAN CAPITAL GENDER GAPS YOUNG MEN GENDER SEGREGATION PREVIOUS WORK WORKERS ACCESS TO JOBS WAGES POLICIES WHO GENDER DIFFERENCES TOTAL WAGE FAMILY POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER WAGE INEQUALITY VALUE GENDER CLERKS FIELDS OCCUPATIONS FEMALE WORKERS OCCUPATION INCOME DISTRIBUTION AGRICULTURE LABOR MARKET CHARACTERISTICS PRIVATE FIRMS LABOR MARKET INSTITUTIONS PRIVATE SECTOR IMPACT OF EDUCATION ECONOMICS POLICY ECONOMIC INEQUALITY WOMEN WITH CHILDREN WAGE STRUCTURE LAND THEORY EDUCATION INVESTMENT HUMAN RESOURCES GENDER ASSESSMENT FEMALE LABOR FORCE EMPLOYEE WAGE DIFFERENTIALS EQUAL PAY POPULATION LAW MARITAL STATUS WORKING WOMEN STUDENTS EMPLOYMENT OUTLOOK PROFESSIONAL WOMEN SELECTION OF WOMEN POPULATION CENTER TECHNICAL EDUCATION MARRIED WOMEN MICROECONOMICS POLICY RESEARCH LEGISLATORS GENDER DISCRIMINATION FERTILITY WOMEN AGRICULTURAL WAGE DISTRIBUTION SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS LABOUR CAPITAL INVESTMENT LABOR MARKETS TECHNOLOGIES SECONDARY EDUCATION COUNTRY GENDER ASSESSMENT PRICES SKILLS—EDUCATION GENDER EQUALITY FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION DEVELOPMENT POLICY INEQUALITY EMPLOYEES
spellingShingle	SKILLS JOBS EMPLOYMENT RIGHTS WORKING-AGE POPULATION WAGE GAP RETIREMENT CAREER DEVELOPMENT WAGE DIFFERENTIAL INCOME ECONOMIC TRANSITION WAGE DISCRIMINATION PROPERTY RIGHTS INFORMATION LABOR FORCE DISCRIMINATION MONITORING HOUSING POLITICAL ECONOMY JOB EFFECTS FEMALE EMPLOYMENT WAGE INCREASES INCENTIVES PROPORTION OF FEMALES HEALTH LABOR ECONOMICS POLICY DISCUSSIONS WAGE DETERMINATION FIRM SIZE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION GENDER WAGE GAPS PUBLIC HEALTH LABOR MARKET EXPERIENCE NATIONAL POPULATION EQUAL WORK EARNINGS INEQUALITY LABOR MARKET GENDER GAP PRIVATE FIRM TRAINING PREVIOUS STUDIES PRODUCTIVITY ATTRITION WAGE DISPERSION MARKETS HOUSEHOLD INCOME ORGANIZATIONS VOCATIONAL EDUCATION RESEARCH HISTORY LABOR UNIVERSITY EDUCATION PLACE OF RESIDENCE JOB SEARCH WAGE INCREASE RESPECT FEMALE LABOR PROGRESS INFORMATION CAMPAIGNS MARKET ECONOMY HUMAN CAPITAL GENDER GAPS YOUNG MEN GENDER SEGREGATION PREVIOUS WORK WORKERS ACCESS TO JOBS WAGES POLICIES WHO GENDER DIFFERENCES TOTAL WAGE FAMILY POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER WAGE INEQUALITY VALUE GENDER CLERKS FIELDS OCCUPATIONS FEMALE WORKERS OCCUPATION INCOME DISTRIBUTION AGRICULTURE LABOR MARKET CHARACTERISTICS PRIVATE FIRMS LABOR MARKET INSTITUTIONS PRIVATE SECTOR IMPACT OF EDUCATION ECONOMICS POLICY ECONOMIC INEQUALITY WOMEN WITH CHILDREN WAGE STRUCTURE LAND THEORY EDUCATION INVESTMENT HUMAN RESOURCES GENDER ASSESSMENT FEMALE LABOR FORCE EMPLOYEE WAGE DIFFERENTIALS EQUAL PAY POPULATION LAW MARITAL STATUS WORKING WOMEN STUDENTS EMPLOYMENT OUTLOOK PROFESSIONAL WOMEN SELECTION OF WOMEN POPULATION CENTER TECHNICAL EDUCATION MARRIED WOMEN MICROECONOMICS POLICY RESEARCH LEGISLATORS GENDER DISCRIMINATION FERTILITY WOMEN AGRICULTURAL WAGE DISTRIBUTION SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS LABOUR CAPITAL INVESTMENT LABOR MARKETS TECHNOLOGIES SECONDARY EDUCATION COUNTRY GENDER ASSESSMENT PRICES SKILLS—EDUCATION GENDER EQUALITY FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION DEVELOPMENT POLICY INEQUALITY EMPLOYEES Atencio, Andrea Posadas, Josefina Gender Gap in Pay in the Russian Federation : Twenty Years Later, Still a Concern
geographic_facet	Europe and Central Asia Russian Federation
relation	Policy Research Working Paper;No. 7407
description	This paper decomposes the gender gap in pay in the Russian Federation along the earnings distribution for the period 1996–2011. The analysis uses a reweighted, recentered influence function decomposition that allows estimating the contribution of each covariate on the wage structure and composition effects along the earnings distribution. The paper finds that women are in flat career paths compared with men; the importance of observable characteristics that proxy human capital in the gender pay gap decrease along the earnings distribution; and if women’s pay took into account their educational degrees as much as men’s, the gender pay gap would disappear or even reverse at the top of the earnings distribution. The results suggest that women at the bottom of the earnings distribution should be helped to increase their labor market skills, and women at the top of the distribution should be helped to break the glass ceiling and be remunerated for their skills to the same extent as men.
format	Working Paper
author	Atencio, Andrea Posadas, Josefina
author_facet	Atencio, Andrea Posadas, Josefina
author_sort	Atencio, Andrea
title	Gender Gap in Pay in the Russian Federation : Twenty Years Later, Still a Concern
title_short	Gender Gap in Pay in the Russian Federation : Twenty Years Later, Still a Concern
title_full	Gender Gap in Pay in the Russian Federation : Twenty Years Later, Still a Concern
title_fullStr	Gender Gap in Pay in the Russian Federation : Twenty Years Later, Still a Concern
title_full_unstemmed	Gender Gap in Pay in the Russian Federation : Twenty Years Later, Still a Concern
title_sort	gender gap in pay in the russian federation : twenty years later, still a concern
publisher	World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate	2015
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/08/24960406/gender-gap-pay-russian-federation-twenty-years-later-still-concern http://hdl.handle.net/10986/22663
_version_	1764451705673482240

Gender Gap in Pay in the Russian Federation : Twenty Years Later, Still a Concern

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