Public-Private Partnerships in Europe and Central Asia : Designing Crisis-Resilient Strategies and Bankable Projects

This study aims to help governments design sustainable Public-Private Partnership (PPP) strategies and projects in the context of the changed circumstances brought on by the global financial and economic crisis that began in the fall of 2008. The s...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Cuttaree, Vickram, Mandri-Perrott, Cledan
Format: Publication
Language:English
Published: World Bank 2012
Subjects:
ADB
BID
EIB
PSP
TAX
Online Access:http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000333037_20110408004101
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/2274
id okr-10986-2274
recordtype oai_dc
repository_type Digital Repository
institution_category Foreign Institution
institution Digital Repositories
building World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection World Bank
language English
topic ACCOUNTABILITY
ACCOUNTING
ADB
AIRPORT
AIRPORT EXPANSION
AIRPORTS
BALANCE SHEET
BALANCE SHEETS
BALANCE­SHEET
BASIS POINT
BASIS POINTS
BID
BIDS
BOND INDEX
BOND ISSUE
BOND MARKET
BONDS
BRIDGE
BUDGET DEFICIT
BUDGETING
CAPACITY CONSTRAINTS
CAPITAL GRANT
CAPITAL GRANTS
CAPITAL INVESTMENT
CAPITAL INVESTMENT PROGRAM
CAPITAL MARKET
CAPITAL PROJECTS
CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS
CASH FLOW
CHECKS
COMMERCIAL BANKS
CONTINGENT LIABILITIES
CONTRACT DESIGN
COUNTRY RISK
CREDIBILITY
CREDIT MARKET
CREDIT RATING
CREDIT RATINGS
CURRENCY
CURRENCY DEPRECIATION
CURRENCY DEVALUATION
DEBT
DEBT EXCHANGE
DEBT RATIOS
DEBT SERVICE
DEBT SERVICING
DEFAULT RISK
DEFICITS
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
DEVELOPMENT BANK
DRIVERS
DRIVING
EIB
EMERGING MARKET
EMERGING MARKET BOND
EXCHANGE RATE
EXCHANGE RATES
EXPENDITURE
EXPORTERS
FINANCE INFRASTRUCTURE
FINANCES
FINANCIAL CRISIS
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
FINANCIAL MARKET
FINANCIAL MARKETS
FINANCIAL SUPPORT
FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY
FISCAL CONSTRAINTS
FISCAL DEFICIT
FISCAL DEFICITS
FOREIGN CURRENCIES
FOREIGN CURRENCY
FOREIGN EXCHANGE
FOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVES
FOREIGN EXCHANGE RISK
GOVERNMENT BOND
GOVERNMENT BOND YIELDS
GOVERNMENT BORROWING
GOVERNMENT BUDGET
GOVERNMENT CAPACITY
GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES
GOVERNMENT FINANCES
GOVERNMENT FINANCING
GOVERNMENT FUNDING
GOVERNMENT GUARANTEES
GOVERNMENT REVENUE
GOVERNMENT SPENDING
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
HIGH-SPEED RAIL
HIGHWAY
HIGHWAY MAINTENANCE
HIGHWAY PROGRAM
HIGHWAY PROJECT
HIGHWAY PROJECTS
HIGHWAY REHABILITATION
HIGHWAYS
INFRASTRUCTURE COSTS
INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT
INFRASTRUCTURE FINANCE
INFRASTRUCTURE FINANCING
INFRASTRUCTURE FUNDING
INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT
INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTS
INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS
INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY
INSTRUMENT
INSURANCE
INTEREST RATE
INTEREST RATES
INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
INTERNATIONAL BANK
INTERNATIONAL FINANCE
INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTION
INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL MARKETS
INVESTING
INVESTMENT BANK
INVESTMENT DECISIONS
INVESTMENT FUNDS
INVESTMENT REQUIREMENTS
INVESTMENT SPENDING
INVESTMENT STRATEGY
INVESTOR CONFIDENCE
JUDICIAL ENFORCEMENT
LANES
LAWS
LEGAL ENVIRONMENT
LEGAL FRAMEWORK
LEGISLATION
LENDERS
LIGHT RAIL
LIQUIDITY
LOAN
LOCAL BANKS
LOCAL CURRENCIES
LOCAL CURRENCY
LOCAL DEBT
LOCAL DEBT MARKET
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
LONG-TERM CAPITAL
LONG-TERM DEBT
LONG-TERM INVESTMENT
LONG-TERM INVESTORS
LONG-TERM LOANS
MARKET BORROWING
MARKET CONDITIONS
MARKET LIQUIDITY
MARKET RISK
MARKET RISKS
MATURITIES
MATURITY
MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT
MONETARY FUND
MOTORWAYS
NATIONAL HIGHWAYS
OIL PRICES
PASSENGERS
POTENTIAL INVESTMENT
PRESENT VALUE
PRIVATE CAPITAL
PRIVATE FINANCING
PRIVATE INVESTMENT
PRIVATE INVESTOR
PRIVATE INVESTORS
PRIVATE LOANS
PRIVATIZATION
PRODUCTIVE INVESTMENTS
PSP
PUBLIC BANKS
PUBLIC BORROWING
PUBLIC DEBT
PUBLIC FINANCE
PUBLIC FUNDS
PUBLIC INVESTMENT
PUBLIC INVESTMENTS
PUBLIC SECTOR INVESTMENT
PUBLIC SPENDING
RAIL LINKS
RAIL PROJECTS
RAILWAY
RAILWAYS
RATES OF INFLATION
REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS
REGULATORY OVERSIGHT
RETURN
RISK MANAGEMENT
RISK PREMIUMS
ROAD
ROAD PROJECTS
ROAD SECTOR
ROAD TUNNEL
ROADS
SAFETY
SAFETY NETS
SANITATION
SHARE OF INVESTMENT
SHARES OF INVESTMENT
SHORT-TERM BORROWING
SHORT-TERM DEBT
SOVEREIGN BONDS
SOVEREIGN DEBT
SOVEREIGN ENTITIES
SOVEREIGN GUARANTEE
STATE GUARANTEES
SUBSIDIARY
TAX
TAX SYSTEMS
TOLL
TOLL ROAD
TOLLS
TRAFFIC
TRAFFIC DEMAND
TRANSACTION
TRANSPARENCY
TRANSPORT
TRANSPORT INVESTMENT
TRANSPORT INVESTMENTS
TRANSPORT PROJECTS
TRANSPORT RESEARCH
TRANSPORT SECTOR
TREASURY
TREASURY BONDS
TREATY
TRUST FUND
TUNNEL
UNDERGROUND
URBAN TRANSPORT
VEHICLE
VEHICLES
spellingShingle ACCOUNTABILITY
ACCOUNTING
ADB
AIRPORT
AIRPORT EXPANSION
AIRPORTS
BALANCE SHEET
BALANCE SHEETS
BALANCE­SHEET
BASIS POINT
BASIS POINTS
BID
BIDS
BOND INDEX
BOND ISSUE
BOND MARKET
BONDS
BRIDGE
BUDGET DEFICIT
BUDGETING
CAPACITY CONSTRAINTS
CAPITAL GRANT
CAPITAL GRANTS
CAPITAL INVESTMENT
CAPITAL INVESTMENT PROGRAM
CAPITAL MARKET
CAPITAL PROJECTS
CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS
CASH FLOW
CHECKS
COMMERCIAL BANKS
CONTINGENT LIABILITIES
CONTRACT DESIGN
COUNTRY RISK
CREDIBILITY
CREDIT MARKET
CREDIT RATING
CREDIT RATINGS
CURRENCY
CURRENCY DEPRECIATION
CURRENCY DEVALUATION
DEBT
DEBT EXCHANGE
DEBT RATIOS
DEBT SERVICE
DEBT SERVICING
DEFAULT RISK
DEFICITS
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
DEVELOPMENT BANK
DRIVERS
DRIVING
EIB
EMERGING MARKET
EMERGING MARKET BOND
EXCHANGE RATE
EXCHANGE RATES
EXPENDITURE
EXPORTERS
FINANCE INFRASTRUCTURE
FINANCES
FINANCIAL CRISIS
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
FINANCIAL MARKET
FINANCIAL MARKETS
FINANCIAL SUPPORT
FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY
FISCAL CONSTRAINTS
FISCAL DEFICIT
FISCAL DEFICITS
FOREIGN CURRENCIES
FOREIGN CURRENCY
FOREIGN EXCHANGE
FOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVES
FOREIGN EXCHANGE RISK
GOVERNMENT BOND
GOVERNMENT BOND YIELDS
GOVERNMENT BORROWING
GOVERNMENT BUDGET
GOVERNMENT CAPACITY
GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES
GOVERNMENT FINANCES
GOVERNMENT FINANCING
GOVERNMENT FUNDING
GOVERNMENT GUARANTEES
GOVERNMENT REVENUE
GOVERNMENT SPENDING
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
HIGH-SPEED RAIL
HIGHWAY
HIGHWAY MAINTENANCE
HIGHWAY PROGRAM
HIGHWAY PROJECT
HIGHWAY PROJECTS
HIGHWAY REHABILITATION
HIGHWAYS
INFRASTRUCTURE COSTS
INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT
INFRASTRUCTURE FINANCE
INFRASTRUCTURE FINANCING
INFRASTRUCTURE FUNDING
INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT
INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTS
INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS
INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY
INSTRUMENT
INSURANCE
INTEREST RATE
INTEREST RATES
INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
INTERNATIONAL BANK
INTERNATIONAL FINANCE
INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTION
INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL MARKETS
INVESTING
INVESTMENT BANK
INVESTMENT DECISIONS
INVESTMENT FUNDS
INVESTMENT REQUIREMENTS
INVESTMENT SPENDING
INVESTMENT STRATEGY
INVESTOR CONFIDENCE
JUDICIAL ENFORCEMENT
LANES
LAWS
LEGAL ENVIRONMENT
LEGAL FRAMEWORK
LEGISLATION
LENDERS
LIGHT RAIL
LIQUIDITY
LOAN
LOCAL BANKS
LOCAL CURRENCIES
LOCAL CURRENCY
LOCAL DEBT
LOCAL DEBT MARKET
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
LONG-TERM CAPITAL
LONG-TERM DEBT
LONG-TERM INVESTMENT
LONG-TERM INVESTORS
LONG-TERM LOANS
MARKET BORROWING
MARKET CONDITIONS
MARKET LIQUIDITY
MARKET RISK
MARKET RISKS
MATURITIES
MATURITY
MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT
MONETARY FUND
MOTORWAYS
NATIONAL HIGHWAYS
OIL PRICES
PASSENGERS
POTENTIAL INVESTMENT
PRESENT VALUE
PRIVATE CAPITAL
PRIVATE FINANCING
PRIVATE INVESTMENT
PRIVATE INVESTOR
PRIVATE INVESTORS
PRIVATE LOANS
PRIVATIZATION
PRODUCTIVE INVESTMENTS
PSP
PUBLIC BANKS
PUBLIC BORROWING
PUBLIC DEBT
PUBLIC FINANCE
PUBLIC FUNDS
PUBLIC INVESTMENT
PUBLIC INVESTMENTS
PUBLIC SECTOR INVESTMENT
PUBLIC SPENDING
RAIL LINKS
RAIL PROJECTS
RAILWAY
RAILWAYS
RATES OF INFLATION
REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS
REGULATORY OVERSIGHT
RETURN
RISK MANAGEMENT
RISK PREMIUMS
ROAD
ROAD PROJECTS
ROAD SECTOR
ROAD TUNNEL
ROADS
SAFETY
SAFETY NETS
SANITATION
SHARE OF INVESTMENT
SHARES OF INVESTMENT
SHORT-TERM BORROWING
SHORT-TERM DEBT
SOVEREIGN BONDS
SOVEREIGN DEBT
SOVEREIGN ENTITIES
SOVEREIGN GUARANTEE
STATE GUARANTEES
SUBSIDIARY
TAX
TAX SYSTEMS
TOLL
TOLL ROAD
TOLLS
TRAFFIC
TRAFFIC DEMAND
TRANSACTION
TRANSPARENCY
TRANSPORT
TRANSPORT INVESTMENT
TRANSPORT INVESTMENTS
TRANSPORT PROJECTS
TRANSPORT RESEARCH
TRANSPORT SECTOR
TREASURY
TREASURY BONDS
TREATY
TRUST FUND
TUNNEL
UNDERGROUND
URBAN TRANSPORT
VEHICLE
VEHICLES
Cuttaree, Vickram
Mandri-Perrott, Cledan
Public-Private Partnerships in Europe and Central Asia : Designing Crisis-Resilient Strategies and Bankable Projects
geographic_facet Europe and Central Asia
description This study aims to help governments design sustainable Public-Private Partnership (PPP) strategies and projects in the context of the changed circumstances brought on by the global financial and economic crisis that began in the fall of 2008. The study analyses the impact and implication of the crisis on PPP infrastructure projects across the Europe and Central Asia (ECA) region. In the research undertaken for this study, it appears that most crisis-specific issues are cross-sectoral, therefore requiring cross-sectoral responses. The intended audience for this report includes national government stakeholders involved in infrastructure financing, including Ministries in charge of infrastructure, especially transport, energy, and water; state-owned enterprises with operational responsibilities, such as road directorates; and Ministries of Finance and development banks involved in PPP. This report reviewed the region's experience in PPPs in infrastructure before and during the financial crisis period (from late 2006 to 2010). Since not all ECA countries have had successful or ongoing PPP projects during this time, the report draws on lessons from Brazil, India, Spain, and the United Kingdom, countries with established PPP project pipelines to draw on cross-sectoral lessons. The findings can be used by countries wishing to start or re-start their PPP program following the impact of the recent crisis. However, beyond the crisis and its effects, the report can also guide future development of sustainable and crisis-resilient PPP programs. Most of the analysis supporting the report recommendations was undertaken for the highway sector and was financed through from a grant from the transport research support program. Initially, the highway sector was the focus of this study but the scope was later widened to include all infrastructure sectors because most issues facing highway PPP projects are common to other sectors requiring a cross-sectoral approach to PPP. Sector-specific strategies for highways have been documented in a recent World Bank study.
format Publications & Research :: Publication
author Cuttaree, Vickram
Mandri-Perrott, Cledan
author_facet Cuttaree, Vickram
Mandri-Perrott, Cledan
author_sort Cuttaree, Vickram
title Public-Private Partnerships in Europe and Central Asia : Designing Crisis-Resilient Strategies and Bankable Projects
title_short Public-Private Partnerships in Europe and Central Asia : Designing Crisis-Resilient Strategies and Bankable Projects
title_full Public-Private Partnerships in Europe and Central Asia : Designing Crisis-Resilient Strategies and Bankable Projects
title_fullStr Public-Private Partnerships in Europe and Central Asia : Designing Crisis-Resilient Strategies and Bankable Projects
title_full_unstemmed Public-Private Partnerships in Europe and Central Asia : Designing Crisis-Resilient Strategies and Bankable Projects
title_sort public-private partnerships in europe and central asia : designing crisis-resilient strategies and bankable projects
publisher World Bank
publishDate 2012
url http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000333037_20110408004101
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/2274
_version_ 1764385160058372096
spelling okr-10986-22742021-04-23T14:02:00Z Public-Private Partnerships in Europe and Central Asia : Designing Crisis-Resilient Strategies and Bankable Projects Cuttaree, Vickram Mandri-Perrott, Cledan ACCOUNTABILITY ACCOUNTING ADB AIRPORT AIRPORT EXPANSION AIRPORTS BALANCE SHEET BALANCE SHEETS BALANCE­SHEET BASIS POINT BASIS POINTS BID BIDS BOND INDEX BOND ISSUE BOND MARKET BONDS BRIDGE BUDGET DEFICIT BUDGETING CAPACITY CONSTRAINTS CAPITAL GRANT CAPITAL GRANTS CAPITAL INVESTMENT CAPITAL INVESTMENT PROGRAM CAPITAL MARKET CAPITAL PROJECTS CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS CASH FLOW CHECKS COMMERCIAL BANKS CONTINGENT LIABILITIES CONTRACT DESIGN COUNTRY RISK CREDIBILITY CREDIT MARKET CREDIT RATING CREDIT RATINGS CURRENCY CURRENCY DEPRECIATION CURRENCY DEVALUATION DEBT DEBT EXCHANGE DEBT RATIOS DEBT SERVICE DEBT SERVICING DEFAULT RISK DEFICITS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT BANK DRIVERS DRIVING EIB EMERGING MARKET EMERGING MARKET BOND EXCHANGE RATE EXCHANGE RATES EXPENDITURE EXPORTERS FINANCE INFRASTRUCTURE FINANCES FINANCIAL CRISIS FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS FINANCIAL MARKET FINANCIAL MARKETS FINANCIAL SUPPORT FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY FISCAL CONSTRAINTS FISCAL DEFICIT FISCAL DEFICITS FOREIGN CURRENCIES FOREIGN CURRENCY FOREIGN EXCHANGE FOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVES FOREIGN EXCHANGE RISK GOVERNMENT BOND GOVERNMENT BOND YIELDS GOVERNMENT BORROWING GOVERNMENT BUDGET GOVERNMENT CAPACITY GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES GOVERNMENT FINANCES GOVERNMENT FINANCING GOVERNMENT FUNDING GOVERNMENT GUARANTEES GOVERNMENT REVENUE GOVERNMENT SPENDING GOVERNMENT SUPPORT GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT HIGH-SPEED RAIL HIGHWAY HIGHWAY MAINTENANCE HIGHWAY PROGRAM HIGHWAY PROJECT HIGHWAY PROJECTS HIGHWAY REHABILITATION HIGHWAYS INFRASTRUCTURE COSTS INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT INFRASTRUCTURE FINANCE INFRASTRUCTURE FINANCING INFRASTRUCTURE FUNDING INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTS INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY INSTRUMENT INSURANCE INTEREST RATE INTEREST RATES INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL FINANCE INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTION INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL MARKETS INVESTING INVESTMENT BANK INVESTMENT DECISIONS INVESTMENT FUNDS INVESTMENT REQUIREMENTS INVESTMENT SPENDING INVESTMENT STRATEGY INVESTOR CONFIDENCE JUDICIAL ENFORCEMENT LANES LAWS LEGAL ENVIRONMENT LEGAL FRAMEWORK LEGISLATION LENDERS LIGHT RAIL LIQUIDITY LOAN LOCAL BANKS LOCAL CURRENCIES LOCAL CURRENCY LOCAL DEBT LOCAL DEBT MARKET LOCAL GOVERNMENT LONG-TERM CAPITAL LONG-TERM DEBT LONG-TERM INVESTMENT LONG-TERM INVESTORS LONG-TERM LOANS MARKET BORROWING MARKET CONDITIONS MARKET LIQUIDITY MARKET RISK MARKET RISKS MATURITIES MATURITY MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT MONETARY FUND MOTORWAYS NATIONAL HIGHWAYS OIL PRICES PASSENGERS POTENTIAL INVESTMENT PRESENT VALUE PRIVATE CAPITAL PRIVATE FINANCING PRIVATE INVESTMENT PRIVATE INVESTOR PRIVATE INVESTORS PRIVATE LOANS PRIVATIZATION PRODUCTIVE INVESTMENTS PSP PUBLIC BANKS PUBLIC BORROWING PUBLIC DEBT PUBLIC FINANCE PUBLIC FUNDS PUBLIC INVESTMENT PUBLIC INVESTMENTS PUBLIC SECTOR INVESTMENT PUBLIC SPENDING RAIL LINKS RAIL PROJECTS RAILWAY RAILWAYS RATES OF INFLATION REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS REGULATORY OVERSIGHT RETURN RISK MANAGEMENT RISK PREMIUMS ROAD ROAD PROJECTS ROAD SECTOR ROAD TUNNEL ROADS SAFETY SAFETY NETS SANITATION SHARE OF INVESTMENT SHARES OF INVESTMENT SHORT-TERM BORROWING SHORT-TERM DEBT SOVEREIGN BONDS SOVEREIGN DEBT SOVEREIGN ENTITIES SOVEREIGN GUARANTEE STATE GUARANTEES SUBSIDIARY TAX TAX SYSTEMS TOLL TOLL ROAD TOLLS TRAFFIC TRAFFIC DEMAND TRANSACTION TRANSPARENCY TRANSPORT TRANSPORT INVESTMENT TRANSPORT INVESTMENTS TRANSPORT PROJECTS TRANSPORT RESEARCH TRANSPORT SECTOR TREASURY TREASURY BONDS TREATY TRUST FUND TUNNEL UNDERGROUND URBAN TRANSPORT VEHICLE VEHICLES This study aims to help governments design sustainable Public-Private Partnership (PPP) strategies and projects in the context of the changed circumstances brought on by the global financial and economic crisis that began in the fall of 2008. The study analyses the impact and implication of the crisis on PPP infrastructure projects across the Europe and Central Asia (ECA) region. In the research undertaken for this study, it appears that most crisis-specific issues are cross-sectoral, therefore requiring cross-sectoral responses. The intended audience for this report includes national government stakeholders involved in infrastructure financing, including Ministries in charge of infrastructure, especially transport, energy, and water; state-owned enterprises with operational responsibilities, such as road directorates; and Ministries of Finance and development banks involved in PPP. This report reviewed the region's experience in PPPs in infrastructure before and during the financial crisis period (from late 2006 to 2010). Since not all ECA countries have had successful or ongoing PPP projects during this time, the report draws on lessons from Brazil, India, Spain, and the United Kingdom, countries with established PPP project pipelines to draw on cross-sectoral lessons. The findings can be used by countries wishing to start or re-start their PPP program following the impact of the recent crisis. However, beyond the crisis and its effects, the report can also guide future development of sustainable and crisis-resilient PPP programs. Most of the analysis supporting the report recommendations was undertaken for the highway sector and was financed through from a grant from the transport research support program. Initially, the highway sector was the focus of this study but the scope was later widened to include all infrastructure sectors because most issues facing highway PPP projects are common to other sectors requiring a cross-sectoral approach to PPP. Sector-specific strategies for highways have been documented in a recent World Bank study. 2012-03-19T09:03:00Z 2012-03-19T09:03:00Z 2011-02-24 http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000333037_20110408004101 978-0-8213-8703-0 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/2274 English CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo World Bank World Bank Publications & Research :: Publication Publications & Research :: Publication Europe and Central Asia