The Cost of the Gender Gap in Agricultural Productivity in Malawi, Tanzania, and Uganda

Women comprise a large proportion of the agricultural labor force in Sub-Saharan Africa, ranging from 30 to 80 percent (FAO 2011). Yet women farmers are consistently found to be less productive than male farmers. The gender gap in agricultural productivity—measured by the value of agricultural prod...

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Main Authors:	UN Women, UNDP, UNEP, World Bank Group
Format:	Working Paper
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank Group, Washington, DC 2015
Subjects:	LIVING STANDARDS AGRICULTURAL POLICIES AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SOCIAL NORMS EQUIPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH GENDER INEQUALITY WAGE GAP PRODUCTION EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN WAGE DISCRIMINATION AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION EQUITABLE ACCESS RURAL WOMEN SEXES UNITED NATIONS GENDER GAPS IN ACCESS LEVELS OF EDUCATION RESOURCE ALLOCATION INFORMATION LABOR FORCE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES WOMEN  FARMERS DISCRIMINATION NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT LEGAL STATUS AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION HEALTH SAFE WATER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS HUNGER NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY DEVELOPMENT GOALS LAND TENURE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PROMOTING GENDER EQUALITY NATIONAL LEVEL USE OF ENERGY PESTICIDES EFFECTIVE POLICIES GENDER POLICY INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES KNOWLEDGE TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE DISEASES GENDER GAP DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN CASH CROPS TRAINING DEVELOPMENT PLANNING EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT GENDER MAINSTREAMING FAMILY SIZE SOIL EROSION PRODUCTIVITY UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT ADOPTION UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS LABOR SHORTAGES LAND OWNERSHIP RESEARCH LIVESTOCK EXTENSION FARMERS GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT GENDER ISSUES UNEP SMALLHOLDERS CROPS FOOD PRODUCTION FEMALE LABOR GENDER UNIT PROGRESS UNDP GENDER GAPS ECOSYSTEM FOOD SECURITY POLICIES WHO HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY GENDER DIFFERENCES WOMAN FAMILY POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POLICY MAKERS DIVORCE GENDER FAMILY LABOR EQUALITY BETWEEN WOMEN CUSTOM FEMALE WORKERS RURAL POVERTY AGRICULTURE INCOMES AGENCIES CASH CROP WOMEN MANAGERS NUTRITION ACCESS TO FOOD ACHIEVEMENT OF EQUALITY ACCESS TO MARKETS DEVELOPMENT EFFORTS POLICY ECONOMICS CITIZENS SPILLOVER MANAGEMENT AVERAGE FAMILY SIZE FEMALE FARMER FEMALE FARMERS FISHERIES SEX HUMAN RIGHTS WOMEN FARMERS GOVERNMENT AGENCIES LAND SUPPLY CHAINS EDUCATION HUMANITARIAN ACTION GENDER ANALYSIS FARMS INTEGRATION FEWER PEOPLE RESPIRATORY DISEASES LIMITED RESOURCES POLICY IMPLICATIONS POPULATION GIRLS FUNDING WOMEN IN AGRICULTURE PRACTITIONERS POLICY RESEARCH SCARCE RESOURCES WOMEN AGRICULTURAL GENDER DIFFERENTIALS FOOD PRICES LABOR MARKETS TECHNOLOGIES ELIMINATION OF DISCRIMINATION PEACE BOTH SEXES SERVICES TO WOMEN GENDER EQUALITY DEVELOPMENT POLICY INEQUALITY AFRICA GENDER POLICY GENDER INNOVATION LAB WOMEN AND AGRICULTURE
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/10/25155021/cost-gender-gap-agricultural-productivity-malawi-tanzania-uganda http://hdl.handle.net/10986/22770

id	okr-10986-22770
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spelling	okr-10986-227702021-04-23T14:04:11Z The Cost of the Gender Gap in Agricultural Productivity in Malawi, Tanzania, and Uganda UN Women UNDP UNEP World Bank Group LIVING STANDARDS AGRICULTURAL POLICIES AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SOCIAL NORMS EQUIPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH GENDER INEQUALITY WAGE GAP PRODUCTION EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN WAGE DISCRIMINATION AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION EQUITABLE ACCESS RURAL WOMEN SEXES UNITED NATIONS GENDER GAPS IN ACCESS LEVELS OF EDUCATION RESOURCE ALLOCATION INFORMATION LABOR FORCE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES WOMEN  FARMERS DISCRIMINATION NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT LEGAL STATUS AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION HEALTH SAFE WATER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS HUNGER NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY DEVELOPMENT GOALS LAND TENURE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PROMOTING GENDER EQUALITY NATIONAL LEVEL USE OF ENERGY PESTICIDES EFFECTIVE POLICIES GENDER POLICY INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES KNOWLEDGE TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE DISEASES GENDER GAP DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN CASH CROPS TRAINING DEVELOPMENT PLANNING EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT GENDER MAINSTREAMING FAMILY SIZE SOIL EROSION PRODUCTIVITY UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT ADOPTION UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS LABOR SHORTAGES LAND OWNERSHIP RESEARCH LIVESTOCK EXTENSION FARMERS GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT GENDER ISSUES UNEP SMALLHOLDERS CROPS FOOD PRODUCTION FEMALE LABOR GENDER UNIT PROGRESS UNDP GENDER GAPS ECOSYSTEM FOOD SECURITY POLICIES WHO HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY GENDER DIFFERENCES WOMAN FAMILY POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POLICY MAKERS DIVORCE GENDER FAMILY LABOR EQUALITY BETWEEN WOMEN CUSTOM FEMALE WORKERS RURAL POVERTY AGRICULTURE INCOMES AGENCIES CASH CROP WOMEN MANAGERS NUTRITION ACCESS TO FOOD ACHIEVEMENT OF EQUALITY ACCESS TO MARKETS DEVELOPMENT EFFORTS POLICY ECONOMICS CITIZENS SPILLOVER MANAGEMENT AVERAGE FAMILY SIZE FEMALE FARMER FEMALE FARMERS FISHERIES SEX HUMAN RIGHTS WOMEN FARMERS GOVERNMENT AGENCIES LAND SUPPLY CHAINS EDUCATION HUMANITARIAN ACTION GENDER ANALYSIS FARMS INTEGRATION FEWER PEOPLE RESPIRATORY DISEASES LIMITED RESOURCES POLICY IMPLICATIONS POPULATION GIRLS FUNDING WOMEN IN AGRICULTURE PRACTITIONERS POLICY RESEARCH SCARCE RESOURCES WOMEN AGRICULTURAL GENDER DIFFERENTIALS FOOD PRICES LABOR MARKETS TECHNOLOGIES ELIMINATION OF DISCRIMINATION PEACE BOTH SEXES SERVICES TO WOMEN GENDER EQUALITY DEVELOPMENT POLICY INEQUALITY AFRICA GENDER POLICY GENDER INNOVATION LAB WOMEN AND AGRICULTURE Women comprise a large proportion of the agricultural labor force in Sub-Saharan Africa, ranging from 30 to 80 percent (FAO 2011). Yet women farmers are consistently found to be less productive than male farmers. The gender gap in agricultural productivity—measured by the value of agricultural produce per unit of cultivated land—ranges from 4 to 25 percent, depending on the country and the crop (World Bank and ONE 2014). This gap exists because women frequently have unequal access to key agricultural inputs such as land, labor, knowledge, fertilizer, and improved seeds. This report estimates the monetary value of the gender gap in agricultural productivity in Malawi, Tanzania, and Uganda. 2015-10-19T17:31:44Z 2015-10-19T17:31:44Z 2015-10-14 Working Paper http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/10/25155021/cost-gender-gap-agricultural-productivity-malawi-tanzania-uganda http://hdl.handle.net/10986/22770 English en_US CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/igo/ UN Women, UNDP, UNEP, and the World Bank Group World Bank Group, Washington, DC Publications & Research Publications & Research :: Working Paper Africa Malawi Tanzania Uganda
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English en_US
topic	LIVING STANDARDS AGRICULTURAL POLICIES AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SOCIAL NORMS EQUIPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH GENDER INEQUALITY WAGE GAP PRODUCTION EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN WAGE DISCRIMINATION AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION EQUITABLE ACCESS RURAL WOMEN SEXES UNITED NATIONS GENDER GAPS IN ACCESS LEVELS OF EDUCATION RESOURCE ALLOCATION INFORMATION LABOR FORCE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES WOMEN  FARMERS DISCRIMINATION NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT LEGAL STATUS AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION HEALTH SAFE WATER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS HUNGER NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY DEVELOPMENT GOALS LAND TENURE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PROMOTING GENDER EQUALITY NATIONAL LEVEL USE OF ENERGY PESTICIDES EFFECTIVE POLICIES GENDER POLICY INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES KNOWLEDGE TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE DISEASES GENDER GAP DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN CASH CROPS TRAINING DEVELOPMENT PLANNING EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT GENDER MAINSTREAMING FAMILY SIZE SOIL EROSION PRODUCTIVITY UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT ADOPTION UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS LABOR SHORTAGES LAND OWNERSHIP RESEARCH LIVESTOCK EXTENSION FARMERS GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT GENDER ISSUES UNEP SMALLHOLDERS CROPS FOOD PRODUCTION FEMALE LABOR GENDER UNIT PROGRESS UNDP GENDER GAPS ECOSYSTEM FOOD SECURITY POLICIES WHO HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY GENDER DIFFERENCES WOMAN FAMILY POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POLICY MAKERS DIVORCE GENDER FAMILY LABOR EQUALITY BETWEEN WOMEN CUSTOM FEMALE WORKERS RURAL POVERTY AGRICULTURE INCOMES AGENCIES CASH CROP WOMEN MANAGERS NUTRITION ACCESS TO FOOD ACHIEVEMENT OF EQUALITY ACCESS TO MARKETS DEVELOPMENT EFFORTS POLICY ECONOMICS CITIZENS SPILLOVER MANAGEMENT AVERAGE FAMILY SIZE FEMALE FARMER FEMALE FARMERS FISHERIES SEX HUMAN RIGHTS WOMEN FARMERS GOVERNMENT AGENCIES LAND SUPPLY CHAINS EDUCATION HUMANITARIAN ACTION GENDER ANALYSIS FARMS INTEGRATION FEWER PEOPLE RESPIRATORY DISEASES LIMITED RESOURCES POLICY IMPLICATIONS POPULATION GIRLS FUNDING WOMEN IN AGRICULTURE PRACTITIONERS POLICY RESEARCH SCARCE RESOURCES WOMEN AGRICULTURAL GENDER DIFFERENTIALS FOOD PRICES LABOR MARKETS TECHNOLOGIES ELIMINATION OF DISCRIMINATION PEACE BOTH SEXES SERVICES TO WOMEN GENDER EQUALITY DEVELOPMENT POLICY INEQUALITY AFRICA GENDER POLICY GENDER INNOVATION LAB WOMEN AND AGRICULTURE
spellingShingle	LIVING STANDARDS AGRICULTURAL POLICIES AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SOCIAL NORMS EQUIPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH GENDER INEQUALITY WAGE GAP PRODUCTION EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN WAGE DISCRIMINATION AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION EQUITABLE ACCESS RURAL WOMEN SEXES UNITED NATIONS GENDER GAPS IN ACCESS LEVELS OF EDUCATION RESOURCE ALLOCATION INFORMATION LABOR FORCE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES WOMEN  FARMERS DISCRIMINATION NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT LEGAL STATUS AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION HEALTH SAFE WATER AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS HUNGER NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY DEVELOPMENT GOALS LAND TENURE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PROMOTING GENDER EQUALITY NATIONAL LEVEL USE OF ENERGY PESTICIDES EFFECTIVE POLICIES GENDER POLICY INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES KNOWLEDGE TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE DISEASES GENDER GAP DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN CASH CROPS TRAINING DEVELOPMENT PLANNING EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT GENDER MAINSTREAMING FAMILY SIZE SOIL EROSION PRODUCTIVITY UNITED NATIONS ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT ADOPTION UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS LABOR SHORTAGES LAND OWNERSHIP RESEARCH LIVESTOCK EXTENSION FARMERS GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT GENDER ISSUES UNEP SMALLHOLDERS CROPS FOOD PRODUCTION FEMALE LABOR GENDER UNIT PROGRESS UNDP GENDER GAPS ECOSYSTEM FOOD SECURITY POLICIES WHO HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY GENDER DIFFERENCES WOMAN FAMILY POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER POLICY MAKERS DIVORCE GENDER FAMILY LABOR EQUALITY BETWEEN WOMEN CUSTOM FEMALE WORKERS RURAL POVERTY AGRICULTURE INCOMES AGENCIES CASH CROP WOMEN MANAGERS NUTRITION ACCESS TO FOOD ACHIEVEMENT OF EQUALITY ACCESS TO MARKETS DEVELOPMENT EFFORTS POLICY ECONOMICS CITIZENS SPILLOVER MANAGEMENT AVERAGE FAMILY SIZE FEMALE FARMER FEMALE FARMERS FISHERIES SEX HUMAN RIGHTS WOMEN FARMERS GOVERNMENT AGENCIES LAND SUPPLY CHAINS EDUCATION HUMANITARIAN ACTION GENDER ANALYSIS FARMS INTEGRATION FEWER PEOPLE RESPIRATORY DISEASES LIMITED RESOURCES POLICY IMPLICATIONS POPULATION GIRLS FUNDING WOMEN IN AGRICULTURE PRACTITIONERS POLICY RESEARCH SCARCE RESOURCES WOMEN AGRICULTURAL GENDER DIFFERENTIALS FOOD PRICES LABOR MARKETS TECHNOLOGIES ELIMINATION OF DISCRIMINATION PEACE BOTH SEXES SERVICES TO WOMEN GENDER EQUALITY DEVELOPMENT POLICY INEQUALITY AFRICA GENDER POLICY GENDER INNOVATION LAB WOMEN AND AGRICULTURE UN Women UNDP UNEP World Bank Group The Cost of the Gender Gap in Agricultural Productivity in Malawi, Tanzania, and Uganda
geographic_facet	Africa Malawi Tanzania Uganda
description	Women comprise a large proportion of the agricultural labor force in Sub-Saharan Africa, ranging from 30 to 80 percent (FAO 2011). Yet women farmers are consistently found to be less productive than male farmers. The gender gap in agricultural productivity—measured by the value of agricultural produce per unit of cultivated land—ranges from 4 to 25 percent, depending on the country and the crop (World Bank and ONE 2014). This gap exists because women frequently have unequal access to key agricultural inputs such as land, labor, knowledge, fertilizer, and improved seeds. This report estimates the monetary value of the gender gap in agricultural productivity in Malawi, Tanzania, and Uganda.
format	Working Paper
author	UN Women UNDP UNEP World Bank Group
author_facet	UN Women UNDP UNEP World Bank Group
author_sort	UN Women
title	The Cost of the Gender Gap in Agricultural Productivity in Malawi, Tanzania, and Uganda
title_short	The Cost of the Gender Gap in Agricultural Productivity in Malawi, Tanzania, and Uganda
title_full	The Cost of the Gender Gap in Agricultural Productivity in Malawi, Tanzania, and Uganda
title_fullStr	The Cost of the Gender Gap in Agricultural Productivity in Malawi, Tanzania, and Uganda
title_full_unstemmed	The Cost of the Gender Gap in Agricultural Productivity in Malawi, Tanzania, and Uganda
title_sort	cost of the gender gap in agricultural productivity in malawi, tanzania, and uganda
publisher	World Bank Group, Washington, DC
publishDate	2015
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/10/25155021/cost-gender-gap-agricultural-productivity-malawi-tanzania-uganda http://hdl.handle.net/10986/22770
_version_	1764452177413144576

The Cost of the Gender Gap in Agricultural Productivity in Malawi, Tanzania, and Uganda

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