Utility-Scale Solar Photovoltaic Power Plants : A Project Developer’s Guide

With an installed capacity greater than 137 gigawatts (GWs) worldwide and annual additions of about 40 GWs in recent years, solar photovoltaic (PV) technology has become an increasingly important energy supply option. A substantial decline in the c...

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Main Author:	International Finance Corporation
Format:	Working Paper
Language:	English en_US
Published:	Washington, DC 2015
Subjects:	TAX INCENTIVES VERTICAL AXIS TRANSMISSION CAPACITY POWER PLANTS PLANT OWNERS UTILITY GRID RENEWABLE PORTFOLIO STANDARD SOLAR RESOURCE ELECTRICITY TARIFF PRICE OF POWER ENERGY PRICING POWER GENERATION APPLICATIONS POWER PRICES GENERATION COST OF ELECTRICITY CIRCUIT BREAKERS WIND FARMS BEARING CAPACITY POWER PROJECT EMISSION REDUCTION PLANT OPERATION ENERGY GENERATION PEAK DEMAND PRICE SAFETY STANDARDS SOLAR PROJECTS VOLTAGE POWER SYSTEM GREENHOUSE GAS OIL AIR POLLUTION POWER SYSTEMS RENEWABLE ENERGY PRODUCTION ENERGY SOURCES AIR EMISSIONS RAW MATERIALS SOLAR POWER PLANTS PHOTOVOLTAIC APPLICATIONS SAND ACCESS ROADS DISTRIBUTION LOSSES PEAK POWER POWER COMPANY SOLAR ENERGY INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES RENEWABLE ELECTRICITY FUELS THERMAL POWER POWER DISTRIBUTION ELECTRICITY PRODUCERS RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS POWER PURCHASE AGREEMENTS RENEWABLE GENERATION POWER REQUIREMENTS EMISSION SOLAR INDUSTRY TAX INCENTIVE MINERAL RESOURCES BALANCE POWER CORPORATION ENERGY NEEDS DIESEL GENERATORS PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS ELECTRICITY CEMENT ELECTRICITY GENERATION FOSSIL FUEL CONVERSION EFFICIENCY PLANT OPERATIONS TRANSMISSION SYSTEM POWER COSTS SOLAR SYSTEMS SOLAR POWER ENERGY LOSSES UTILITY-SCALE GRID SYSTEMS ELECTRICITY PRICE PEAK VALUE SOLAR CELLS UTILITY COMPANY FUEL DISTRIBUTION NETWORK ELECTRICAL OUTPUT POWER SECTOR PLANNING FACILITIES RENEWABLE SOURCES CAPACITY FACTORS PLANT SHUTDOWN PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY RENEWABLE POWER THERMAL EXPANSION ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION DIESEL RENEWABLE ENERGY MARKET PLANT EFFICIENCY TRANSMISSION LINES APPROACH ELECTRICAL PRODUCTION POWER PLANT SOLAR CELL BIRDS PLANT PERFORMANCE WIND SPEED VEHICLES ACTIVITIES RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS COLLECTION SYSTEM DEMAND FOR POWER RENEWABLE ENERGY FACILITIES WIND EMISSIONS HIGH AMBIENT TEMPERATURES POWER CONDITIONERS ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES MAXIMUM EFFICIENCY AMORPHOUS SILICON RENEWABLE PORTFOLIO STANDARDS TARIFF STRUCTURES GAS ALTERNATIVE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT POWER MIX CERTIFIED EMISSION REDUCTION SOLAR RADIATION SAFETY REGULATIONS WINDS POWER RATIO OXYGEN BIOMASS AIR POLLUTANTS AMOUNT OF POWER GENERATION CAPACITY ELECTRICITY UTILITIES ENERGY POLICIES CLIMATIC CONDITIONS AUXILIARY POWER SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY POWER GENERATION POWER SECTOR SOLAR PANELS SUSTAINABLE ENERGY UTILITY- SCALE THERMAL PLANTS RENEWABLE SOURCE PLANT OWNER ENERGY SUPPLY TRANSMISSION GRID OPTIONS WATER CAPACITY FACTOR CARBON TAXES AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT GRID POWER POLLUTION GRID CONNECTION SOLAR ENERGY INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION POWER PLANT CONSTRUCTION POWER PRODUCERS TAX POLICIES ELECTRICAL SYSTEM PLANT OUTPUT POWER RATING ENERGY OUTPUT TAX CREDIT HEAT CLIMATE CHANGE ALTERNATIVE ENERGY UTILITIES GRID INTEGRATION POWER ELECTRICITY SALES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AUXILIARY POWER REQUIREMENTS WIND ENERGY UTILITY MARKET SOLAR SYSTEM BUFFER ZONES POLLUTANTS CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION ELECTRICITY TARIFFS SUNLIGHT COST OF ENERGY RENEWABLE ENERGY SUPPLY PEAK PRODUCTION POWER REQUIREMENT ENERGY PRODUCTION POWER PRODUCTION PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCE ENERGY EFFICIENCY RENEWABLE TECHNOLOGIES POWER PRODUCER TAX CREDITS POWER CONSUMPTION FEEDSTOCK TRANSMISSION LINE INVESTMENT WIND SPEEDS ENERGY DEVELOPMENT SOLID WASTE GENERATION AMBIENT CONDITIONS ENERGY MANAGEMENT TARIFF COMMERCIAL ELECTRICITY AVAILABILITY INVESTMENTS RENEWABLE ENERGY GASES ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION FOSSIL WIND DEVELOPERS PRICES AIR MASS AMBIENT TEMPERATURE OPEN CIRCUIT VOLTAGE POWER CABLES SAFETY TESTING ENERGY ELECTRICITY UTILITY
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/09/25002934/utility-scale-solar-photovoltaic-power-plants-project-developer’s-guide http://hdl.handle.net/10986/22797

id	okr-10986-22797
recordtype	oai_dc
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English en_US
topic	TAX INCENTIVES VERTICAL AXIS TRANSMISSION CAPACITY POWER PLANTS PLANT OWNERS UTILITY GRID RENEWABLE PORTFOLIO STANDARD SOLAR RESOURCE ELECTRICITY TARIFF PRICE OF POWER ENERGY PRICING POWER GENERATION APPLICATIONS POWER PRICES GENERATION COST OF ELECTRICITY CIRCUIT BREAKERS WIND FARMS BEARING CAPACITY POWER PROJECT EMISSION REDUCTION PLANT OPERATION ENERGY GENERATION PEAK DEMAND PRICE SAFETY STANDARDS SOLAR PROJECTS VOLTAGE POWER SYSTEM GREENHOUSE GAS OIL AIR POLLUTION POWER SYSTEMS RENEWABLE ENERGY PRODUCTION ENERGY SOURCES AIR EMISSIONS RAW MATERIALS SOLAR POWER PLANTS PHOTOVOLTAIC APPLICATIONS SAND ACCESS ROADS DISTRIBUTION LOSSES PEAK POWER POWER COMPANY SOLAR ENERGY INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES RENEWABLE ELECTRICITY FUELS THERMAL POWER POWER DISTRIBUTION ELECTRICITY PRODUCERS RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS POWER PURCHASE AGREEMENTS RENEWABLE GENERATION POWER REQUIREMENTS EMISSION SOLAR INDUSTRY TAX INCENTIVE MINERAL RESOURCES BALANCE POWER CORPORATION ENERGY NEEDS DIESEL GENERATORS PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS ELECTRICITY CEMENT ELECTRICITY GENERATION FOSSIL FUEL CONVERSION EFFICIENCY PLANT OPERATIONS TRANSMISSION SYSTEM POWER COSTS SOLAR SYSTEMS SOLAR POWER ENERGY LOSSES UTILITY-SCALE GRID SYSTEMS ELECTRICITY PRICE PEAK VALUE SOLAR CELLS UTILITY COMPANY FUEL DISTRIBUTION NETWORK ELECTRICAL OUTPUT POWER SECTOR PLANNING FACILITIES RENEWABLE SOURCES CAPACITY FACTORS PLANT SHUTDOWN PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY RENEWABLE POWER THERMAL EXPANSION ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION DIESEL RENEWABLE ENERGY MARKET PLANT EFFICIENCY TRANSMISSION LINES APPROACH ELECTRICAL PRODUCTION POWER PLANT SOLAR CELL BIRDS PLANT PERFORMANCE WIND SPEED VEHICLES ACTIVITIES RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS COLLECTION SYSTEM DEMAND FOR POWER RENEWABLE ENERGY FACILITIES WIND EMISSIONS HIGH AMBIENT TEMPERATURES POWER CONDITIONERS ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES MAXIMUM EFFICIENCY AMORPHOUS SILICON RENEWABLE PORTFOLIO STANDARDS TARIFF STRUCTURES GAS ALTERNATIVE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT POWER MIX CERTIFIED EMISSION REDUCTION SOLAR RADIATION SAFETY REGULATIONS WINDS POWER RATIO OXYGEN BIOMASS AIR POLLUTANTS AMOUNT OF POWER GENERATION CAPACITY ELECTRICITY UTILITIES ENERGY POLICIES CLIMATIC CONDITIONS AUXILIARY POWER SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY POWER GENERATION POWER SECTOR SOLAR PANELS SUSTAINABLE ENERGY UTILITY- SCALE THERMAL PLANTS RENEWABLE SOURCE PLANT OWNER ENERGY SUPPLY TRANSMISSION GRID OPTIONS WATER CAPACITY FACTOR CARBON TAXES AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT GRID POWER POLLUTION GRID CONNECTION SOLAR ENERGY INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION POWER PLANT CONSTRUCTION POWER PRODUCERS TAX POLICIES ELECTRICAL SYSTEM PLANT OUTPUT POWER RATING ENERGY OUTPUT TAX CREDIT HEAT CLIMATE CHANGE ALTERNATIVE ENERGY UTILITIES GRID INTEGRATION POWER ELECTRICITY SALES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AUXILIARY POWER REQUIREMENTS WIND ENERGY UTILITY MARKET SOLAR SYSTEM BUFFER ZONES POLLUTANTS CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION ELECTRICITY TARIFFS SUNLIGHT COST OF ENERGY RENEWABLE ENERGY SUPPLY PEAK PRODUCTION POWER REQUIREMENT ENERGY PRODUCTION POWER PRODUCTION PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCE ENERGY EFFICIENCY RENEWABLE TECHNOLOGIES POWER PRODUCER TAX CREDITS POWER CONSUMPTION FEEDSTOCK TRANSMISSION LINE INVESTMENT WIND SPEEDS ENERGY DEVELOPMENT SOLID WASTE GENERATION AMBIENT CONDITIONS ENERGY MANAGEMENT TARIFF COMMERCIAL ELECTRICITY AVAILABILITY INVESTMENTS RENEWABLE ENERGY GASES ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION FOSSIL WIND DEVELOPERS PRICES AIR MASS AMBIENT TEMPERATURE OPEN CIRCUIT VOLTAGE POWER CABLES SAFETY TESTING ENERGY ELECTRICITY UTILITY
spellingShingle	TAX INCENTIVES VERTICAL AXIS TRANSMISSION CAPACITY POWER PLANTS PLANT OWNERS UTILITY GRID RENEWABLE PORTFOLIO STANDARD SOLAR RESOURCE ELECTRICITY TARIFF PRICE OF POWER ENERGY PRICING POWER GENERATION APPLICATIONS POWER PRICES GENERATION COST OF ELECTRICITY CIRCUIT BREAKERS WIND FARMS BEARING CAPACITY POWER PROJECT EMISSION REDUCTION PLANT OPERATION ENERGY GENERATION PEAK DEMAND PRICE SAFETY STANDARDS SOLAR PROJECTS VOLTAGE POWER SYSTEM GREENHOUSE GAS OIL AIR POLLUTION POWER SYSTEMS RENEWABLE ENERGY PRODUCTION ENERGY SOURCES AIR EMISSIONS RAW MATERIALS SOLAR POWER PLANTS PHOTOVOLTAIC APPLICATIONS SAND ACCESS ROADS DISTRIBUTION LOSSES PEAK POWER POWER COMPANY SOLAR ENERGY INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES RENEWABLE ELECTRICITY FUELS THERMAL POWER POWER DISTRIBUTION ELECTRICITY PRODUCERS RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS POWER PURCHASE AGREEMENTS RENEWABLE GENERATION POWER REQUIREMENTS EMISSION SOLAR INDUSTRY TAX INCENTIVE MINERAL RESOURCES BALANCE POWER CORPORATION ENERGY NEEDS DIESEL GENERATORS PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS ELECTRICITY CEMENT ELECTRICITY GENERATION FOSSIL FUEL CONVERSION EFFICIENCY PLANT OPERATIONS TRANSMISSION SYSTEM POWER COSTS SOLAR SYSTEMS SOLAR POWER ENERGY LOSSES UTILITY-SCALE GRID SYSTEMS ELECTRICITY PRICE PEAK VALUE SOLAR CELLS UTILITY COMPANY FUEL DISTRIBUTION NETWORK ELECTRICAL OUTPUT POWER SECTOR PLANNING FACILITIES RENEWABLE SOURCES CAPACITY FACTORS PLANT SHUTDOWN PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY RENEWABLE POWER THERMAL EXPANSION ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION DIESEL RENEWABLE ENERGY MARKET PLANT EFFICIENCY TRANSMISSION LINES APPROACH ELECTRICAL PRODUCTION POWER PLANT SOLAR CELL BIRDS PLANT PERFORMANCE WIND SPEED VEHICLES ACTIVITIES RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS COLLECTION SYSTEM DEMAND FOR POWER RENEWABLE ENERGY FACILITIES WIND EMISSIONS HIGH AMBIENT TEMPERATURES POWER CONDITIONERS ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES MAXIMUM EFFICIENCY AMORPHOUS SILICON RENEWABLE PORTFOLIO STANDARDS TARIFF STRUCTURES GAS ALTERNATIVE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT POWER MIX CERTIFIED EMISSION REDUCTION SOLAR RADIATION SAFETY REGULATIONS WINDS POWER RATIO OXYGEN BIOMASS AIR POLLUTANTS AMOUNT OF POWER GENERATION CAPACITY ELECTRICITY UTILITIES ENERGY POLICIES CLIMATIC CONDITIONS AUXILIARY POWER SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY POWER GENERATION POWER SECTOR SOLAR PANELS SUSTAINABLE ENERGY UTILITY- SCALE THERMAL PLANTS RENEWABLE SOURCE PLANT OWNER ENERGY SUPPLY TRANSMISSION GRID OPTIONS WATER CAPACITY FACTOR CARBON TAXES AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT GRID POWER POLLUTION GRID CONNECTION SOLAR ENERGY INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION POWER PLANT CONSTRUCTION POWER PRODUCERS TAX POLICIES ELECTRICAL SYSTEM PLANT OUTPUT POWER RATING ENERGY OUTPUT TAX CREDIT HEAT CLIMATE CHANGE ALTERNATIVE ENERGY UTILITIES GRID INTEGRATION POWER ELECTRICITY SALES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AUXILIARY POWER REQUIREMENTS WIND ENERGY UTILITY MARKET SOLAR SYSTEM BUFFER ZONES POLLUTANTS CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION ELECTRICITY TARIFFS SUNLIGHT COST OF ENERGY RENEWABLE ENERGY SUPPLY PEAK PRODUCTION POWER REQUIREMENT ENERGY PRODUCTION POWER PRODUCTION PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCE ENERGY EFFICIENCY RENEWABLE TECHNOLOGIES POWER PRODUCER TAX CREDITS POWER CONSUMPTION FEEDSTOCK TRANSMISSION LINE INVESTMENT WIND SPEEDS ENERGY DEVELOPMENT SOLID WASTE GENERATION AMBIENT CONDITIONS ENERGY MANAGEMENT TARIFF COMMERCIAL ELECTRICITY AVAILABILITY INVESTMENTS RENEWABLE ENERGY GASES ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION FOSSIL WIND DEVELOPERS PRICES AIR MASS AMBIENT TEMPERATURE OPEN CIRCUIT VOLTAGE POWER CABLES SAFETY TESTING ENERGY ELECTRICITY UTILITY International Finance Corporation Utility-Scale Solar Photovoltaic Power Plants : A Project Developer’s Guide
description	With an installed capacity greater than 137 gigawatts (GWs) worldwide and annual additions of about 40 GWs in recent years, solar photovoltaic (PV) technology has become an increasingly important energy supply option. A substantial decline in the cost of solar PV power plants (80 percent reduction since 2008) has improved solar PV’s competitiveness, reducing the needs for subsidies and enabling solar to compete with other power generation options in some markets. The World Bank Group (including the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the International Development Association, International Finance Corporation (IFC), and the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency) helps client countries secure the affordable, reliable, and sustainable energy supply needed to end extreme poverty and promote shared prosperity. The approach mirrors the objectives of the sustainable energy for all initiative - achieving universal access, accelerating improvements in energy efficiency, and doubling the global share of renewable energy by 2030. The World Bank Group recognizes that each country determines its own path for achieving its energy aspirations, and that each country’s transition to a sustainable energy sector involves a unique mix of resource opportunities and challenges, prompting a different emphasis on access, efficiency, and renewable energy. The objective of this guidebook is to enhance the reader’s understanding of how to successfully develop, finance, construct, and operate utility-scale solar PV power plants. The guidebook focuses on aspects of project development that are specific to solar. From this perspective it covers all aspects of the overall project development process including site identification, plant design, energy yield, permits and licenses, contractual arrangements, and financing, giving sparser coverage to general project development basics that are not specific to solar. This guide covers the key building blocks to developing a successful utility-scale solar power project (the threshold for utility-scale depends on the market, but generally at least 5 megawatt (MW).
format	Working Paper
author	International Finance Corporation
author_facet	International Finance Corporation
author_sort	International Finance Corporation
title	Utility-Scale Solar Photovoltaic Power Plants : A Project Developer’s Guide
title_short	Utility-Scale Solar Photovoltaic Power Plants : A Project Developer’s Guide
title_full	Utility-Scale Solar Photovoltaic Power Plants : A Project Developer’s Guide
title_fullStr	Utility-Scale Solar Photovoltaic Power Plants : A Project Developer’s Guide
title_full_unstemmed	Utility-Scale Solar Photovoltaic Power Plants : A Project Developer’s Guide
title_sort	utility-scale solar photovoltaic power plants : a project developer’s guide
publisher	Washington, DC
publishDate	2015
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/09/25002934/utility-scale-solar-photovoltaic-power-plants-project-developer’s-guide http://hdl.handle.net/10986/22797
_version_	1764452024787664896
spelling	okr-10986-227972021-04-23T14:04:10Z Utility-Scale Solar Photovoltaic Power Plants : A Project Developer’s Guide International Finance Corporation TAX INCENTIVES VERTICAL AXIS TRANSMISSION CAPACITY POWER PLANTS PLANT OWNERS UTILITY GRID RENEWABLE PORTFOLIO STANDARD SOLAR RESOURCE ELECTRICITY TARIFF PRICE OF POWER ENERGY PRICING POWER GENERATION APPLICATIONS POWER PRICES GENERATION COST OF ELECTRICITY CIRCUIT BREAKERS WIND FARMS BEARING CAPACITY POWER PROJECT EMISSION REDUCTION PLANT OPERATION ENERGY GENERATION PEAK DEMAND PRICE SAFETY STANDARDS SOLAR PROJECTS VOLTAGE POWER SYSTEM GREENHOUSE GAS OIL AIR POLLUTION POWER SYSTEMS RENEWABLE ENERGY PRODUCTION ENERGY SOURCES AIR EMISSIONS RAW MATERIALS SOLAR POWER PLANTS PHOTOVOLTAIC APPLICATIONS SAND ACCESS ROADS DISTRIBUTION LOSSES PEAK POWER POWER COMPANY SOLAR ENERGY INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES RENEWABLE ELECTRICITY FUELS THERMAL POWER POWER DISTRIBUTION ELECTRICITY PRODUCERS RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS POWER PURCHASE AGREEMENTS RENEWABLE GENERATION POWER REQUIREMENTS EMISSION SOLAR INDUSTRY TAX INCENTIVE MINERAL RESOURCES BALANCE POWER CORPORATION ENERGY NEEDS DIESEL GENERATORS PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS ELECTRICITY CEMENT ELECTRICITY GENERATION FOSSIL FUEL CONVERSION EFFICIENCY PLANT OPERATIONS TRANSMISSION SYSTEM POWER COSTS SOLAR SYSTEMS SOLAR POWER ENERGY LOSSES UTILITY-SCALE GRID SYSTEMS ELECTRICITY PRICE PEAK VALUE SOLAR CELLS UTILITY COMPANY FUEL DISTRIBUTION NETWORK ELECTRICAL OUTPUT POWER SECTOR PLANNING FACILITIES RENEWABLE SOURCES CAPACITY FACTORS PLANT SHUTDOWN PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY RENEWABLE POWER THERMAL EXPANSION ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION DIESEL RENEWABLE ENERGY MARKET PLANT EFFICIENCY TRANSMISSION LINES APPROACH ELECTRICAL PRODUCTION POWER PLANT SOLAR CELL BIRDS PLANT PERFORMANCE WIND SPEED VEHICLES ACTIVITIES RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS COLLECTION SYSTEM DEMAND FOR POWER RENEWABLE ENERGY FACILITIES WIND EMISSIONS HIGH AMBIENT TEMPERATURES POWER CONDITIONERS ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES MAXIMUM EFFICIENCY AMORPHOUS SILICON RENEWABLE PORTFOLIO STANDARDS TARIFF STRUCTURES GAS ALTERNATIVE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT POWER MIX CERTIFIED EMISSION REDUCTION SOLAR RADIATION SAFETY REGULATIONS WINDS POWER RATIO OXYGEN BIOMASS AIR POLLUTANTS AMOUNT OF POWER GENERATION CAPACITY ELECTRICITY UTILITIES ENERGY POLICIES CLIMATIC CONDITIONS AUXILIARY POWER SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY POWER GENERATION POWER SECTOR SOLAR PANELS SUSTAINABLE ENERGY UTILITY- SCALE THERMAL PLANTS RENEWABLE SOURCE PLANT OWNER ENERGY SUPPLY TRANSMISSION GRID OPTIONS WATER CAPACITY FACTOR CARBON TAXES AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT GRID POWER POLLUTION GRID CONNECTION SOLAR ENERGY INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION POWER PLANT CONSTRUCTION POWER PRODUCERS TAX POLICIES ELECTRICAL SYSTEM PLANT OUTPUT POWER RATING ENERGY OUTPUT TAX CREDIT HEAT CLIMATE CHANGE ALTERNATIVE ENERGY UTILITIES GRID INTEGRATION POWER ELECTRICITY SALES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AUXILIARY POWER REQUIREMENTS WIND ENERGY UTILITY MARKET SOLAR SYSTEM BUFFER ZONES POLLUTANTS CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION ELECTRICITY TARIFFS SUNLIGHT COST OF ENERGY RENEWABLE ENERGY SUPPLY PEAK PRODUCTION POWER REQUIREMENT ENERGY PRODUCTION POWER PRODUCTION PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCE ENERGY EFFICIENCY RENEWABLE TECHNOLOGIES POWER PRODUCER TAX CREDITS POWER CONSUMPTION FEEDSTOCK TRANSMISSION LINE INVESTMENT WIND SPEEDS ENERGY DEVELOPMENT SOLID WASTE GENERATION AMBIENT CONDITIONS ENERGY MANAGEMENT TARIFF COMMERCIAL ELECTRICITY AVAILABILITY INVESTMENTS RENEWABLE ENERGY GASES ELECTRICITY DISTRIBUTION FOSSIL WIND DEVELOPERS PRICES AIR MASS AMBIENT TEMPERATURE OPEN CIRCUIT VOLTAGE POWER CABLES SAFETY TESTING ENERGY ELECTRICITY UTILITY With an installed capacity greater than 137 gigawatts (GWs) worldwide and annual additions of about 40 GWs in recent years, solar photovoltaic (PV) technology has become an increasingly important energy supply option. A substantial decline in the cost of solar PV power plants (80 percent reduction since 2008) has improved solar PV’s competitiveness, reducing the needs for subsidies and enabling solar to compete with other power generation options in some markets. The World Bank Group (including the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the International Development Association, International Finance Corporation (IFC), and the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency) helps client countries secure the affordable, reliable, and sustainable energy supply needed to end extreme poverty and promote shared prosperity. The approach mirrors the objectives of the sustainable energy for all initiative - achieving universal access, accelerating improvements in energy efficiency, and doubling the global share of renewable energy by 2030. The World Bank Group recognizes that each country determines its own path for achieving its energy aspirations, and that each country’s transition to a sustainable energy sector involves a unique mix of resource opportunities and challenges, prompting a different emphasis on access, efficiency, and renewable energy. The objective of this guidebook is to enhance the reader’s understanding of how to successfully develop, finance, construct, and operate utility-scale solar PV power plants. The guidebook focuses on aspects of project development that are specific to solar. From this perspective it covers all aspects of the overall project development process including site identification, plant design, energy yield, permits and licenses, contractual arrangements, and financing, giving sparser coverage to general project development basics that are not specific to solar. This guide covers the key building blocks to developing a successful utility-scale solar power project (the threshold for utility-scale depends on the market, but generally at least 5 megawatt (MW). 2015-10-23T20:56:31Z 2015-10-23T20:56:31Z 2015-06 Working Paper http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/09/25002934/utility-scale-solar-photovoltaic-power-plants-project-developer’s-guide http://hdl.handle.net/10986/22797 English en_US CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/igo/ International Finance Corporation Washington, DC Publications & Research Publications & Research :: Working Paper

Utility-Scale Solar Photovoltaic Power Plants : A Project Developer’s Guide

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