Are the Children of Uneducated Farmers Doubly Disadvantaged? : Farm, Nonfarm and Intergenerational Educational Mobility in Rural China

Are the Children of Uneducated Farmers Doubly Disadvantaged? : Farm, Nonfarm and Intergenerational Educational Mobility in Rural China

This paper relaxes the single-factor model of intergenerational educational mobility and analyzes heterogeneous effects of family background on children’s education in villages, with a focus on the role of nonfarm occupations. The analysis uses dat...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Emran, M. Shahe, Sun, Yan
Format: Working Paper
Language:English
en_US
Published: World Bank, Washington, DC 2015
Subjects:
BIRTH
LOW EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
MOTHERS EDUCATION
EDUCATION FOR GIRLS
BASIC EDUCATION
GENDER INEQUALITY
OLD AGE
SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS
EDUCATION FOR CHILDREN
GRANDFATHERS
SCHOOLING
GROUPS
EDUCATION POLICY
COMPULSORY EDUCATION
MOTHERS
HIGHER EDUCATION
MIDDLE SCHOOL EDUCATION
GENDER PARITY
RURAL CHILDREN
LOW SCHOOLING
FEMALE HEADED HOUSEHOLDS
ROLES
GRANDPARENTS
GENDER BIAS
SPOUSES
POVERTY REDUCTION
EDUCATIONAL POLICY
KNOWLEDGE
MIDDLE SCHOOL
GENDER GAP
TRAINING
GENDER GAP IN EDUCATION
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
INCOME INEQUALITY
EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES
ABILITY
PEASANTS
IDEAS
EDUCATED PARENTS
PARENTAL EDUCATION
PRIMARY SCHOOLING
HOUSEHOLD INCOME
NEEDS
ORGANIZATIONS
PARENTS EDUCATION
EDUCATIONAL INPUTS
HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS
LEARNING
MARRIAGE
PRIMARY SCHOOL
FAMILY COMPOSITION
EDUCATIONAL POLICIES
FAMILY BACKGROUND
ETHNICITY
PARENTS’ EDUCATION
GENDER NEUTRALITY
RURAL SCHOOLS
ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE
EDUCATIONAL ASPIRATIONS
EQUAL ACCESS
SCIENCE
EDUCATION LAW
VALUES
SCHOOLS
FAMILY
PARTICIPATION
AGE
RURAL AREA
FATHERS
BASIC EDUCATION POLICY
DEMAND FOR GIRLS
GIRLS’ EDUCATION
STATURE
INCOME DISTRIBUTION
URBAN AREAS
MOTHERS’ EDUCATION
SCHOOL BREAKFAST
YOUTH
MENTAL ABILITY
FACTORS
PARENTAL INCOME
PARENTS
PARITY
SOCIOLOGY
CHILDREN
EDUCATION
INVESTMENT
CLASS SIZES
EQUALITY
RURAL AREAS
MEN
GIRLS
SOCIETY
SCHOOL EDUCATION
FEES
PRIMARY EDUCATION
FAMILIES
SIBLINGS
WOMEN
SCHOOL
GENERATIONS
HEALTH SERVICES
SOCIAL MOBILITY
GENDER EQUALITY
RETURNS TO EDUCATION
Online Access:http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/10/25206357/children-uneducated-farmers-doubly-disadvantaged-farm-nonfarm-intergenerational-educational-mobility-rural-china
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/22882
Description
Summary:This paper relaxes the single-factor model of intergenerational educational mobility and analyzes heterogeneous effects of family background on children’s education in villages, with a focus on the role of nonfarm occupations. The analysis uses data from rural China that cover three generations, and are not subject to coresident sample selection. Evidence from a battery of econometric approaches shows that the mean effects of parents’ education miss substantial heterogeneity across farm-nonfarm occupations. Having nonfarm parents, in general, has positive effects, but children of low educated non-farmer parents (with higher income) do not enjoy any advantages over the children of more educated farmer parents. Estimates of cross-partial effects without imposing functional form show little evidence of complementarity between parental education and nonfarm occupation. The role of family background remains relatively stable across generations for girls, but for boys, family background has become more important after the market reform. The paper explores causality using three approaches: Rosenbaum sensitivity analysis, minimum biased inverse propensity weighted estimator, and heteroscedasticity-based identification. The analysis results suggest that the advantages of having more educated parents, especially with nonfarm occupations, are unlikely to be due solely to selection on genetic transmissions. However, the estimated positive effects of nonfarm over farmer parents among the low educated households may be driven entirely by moderate selection on genetic endowment.

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