Bangladesh : More and Better Jobs to Accelerate Shared Growth and End Extreme Poverty

Situated in a fertile low-lying river delta, Bangladesh combines high vulnerability to floods, tropical cyclones, earthquakes, and climate change with one of the world’s highest population densities, with around 159 million people living in less th...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	World Bank Group
Format:	Report
Language:	English en_US
Published:	World Bank, Washington, DC 2015
Subjects:	TARIFFS POPULATION DENSITIES SOCIAL COSTS CAPITAL MARKETS FISH RECLAMATION UNEMPLOYMENT RATES ECONOMIC GROWTH POLICY ENVIRONMENT ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION FOSSIL FUELS VARIABLE COSTS AIR QUALITY WASTE MANAGEMENT CARBON AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION EXPECTATIONS FISHERIES MANAGEMENT MARGINAL COST PRODUCERS LAND RECLAMATION RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PROPERTY RIGHTS HEAVY METALS BALANCE OF PAYMENTS FINANCIAL RESOURCES RESOURCE ALLOCATION LABOR FORCE EMISSIONS POLITICAL ECONOMY REVENUES ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES INCENTIVES MODELS EMPIRICAL STUDIES REAL WAGES SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC ANALYSIS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES AUDITS ECONOMIC ACTIVITY EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS COST EFFECTIVENESS EXPLOITATION OIL CROWDING OUT AIR POLLUTION WELFARE EFFECTS FOOD POLICY RESEARCH CULTIVABLE LAND POPULATION GROWTH INDUSTRIAL WATER ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES OPTIONS LABOR PRODUCTIVITY EXTERNALITIES QUOTAS DEBT BARRIERS TO ENTRY POLLUTION FORESTRY LAND RESOURCES PUBLIC HEARINGS AQUIFERS URBAN AIR POLLUTION NATURAL RESOURCES METALS SUBSIDIES EFFICIENCY FISHING FOOD PRODUCTION TAXES ACCESS TO INFORMATION CANCER LAND USE EFFECTIVE USE ENTITLEMENTS RESOURCES UNEMPLOYMENT POTENTIAL INVESTORS DEREGULATION DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION EQUITY PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH CONSUMPTION ECONOMIC IMPACT WAGES CLIMATE CHANGE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT VALUES COMPLIANCE COSTS ECONOMIC VALUE POLICY MAKERS CREDIT ELASTICITIES QUALITY STANDARDS PURCHASING POWER DEMAND ABATEMENT NATIONAL INCOME SUSTAINABLE GROWTH PUBLIC EXPENDITURES ELECTRICITY GENERATION ENVIRONMENTS EXPENDITURES PROPERTY LOGGING DECISION MAKING POLLUTION ABATEMENT QUALITY ASSESSMENT TRANSACTION COSTS ENVIRONMENT ABATEMENT COSTS ECONOMICS TERMS OF TRADE TAX REVENUE ENERGY EFFICIENCY FISHERIES ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT TRADE LAND LAND PRODUCTIVITY ECONOMIES OF SCALE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS DRINKING WATER COMMERCIAL BANKS COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE COAL FARMS WATER POLLUTION WAGE DIFFERENTIALS REVENUE POLLUTION CONTROL EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE PRIVATE CONSUMPTION SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH RISK MANAGEMENT LIVING CONDITIONS WILLINGNESS TO ACCEPT RECYCLING ECOSYSTEM HEALTH EFFLUENTS ARSENIC ACCELERATOR PROFITS POLICY INSTRUMENTS ENVIRONMENTAL LABOR MARKETS PUBLIC GOOD WETLANDS PRICES NEGATIVE EXTERNALITIES PRODUCTION COSTS ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ECONOMIES ADVERSE SELECTION PUBLIC GOODS COMPETITION
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2015/11/25244079/bangladesh-more-better-jobs-accelerate-shared-growth-end-extreme-poverty-systematic-country-diagnostic http://hdl.handle.net/10986/23101

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Summary:	Situated in a fertile low-lying river delta, Bangladesh combines high vulnerability to floods, tropical cyclones, earthquakes, and climate change with one of the world’s highest population densities, with around 159 million people living in less than 150,000 sq. km. With the world’s second lowest per capita income in 1975, it was labeled ‘the test case for development’ in view of the formidable development challenges it faced. Nevertheless, Bangladesh has proven to be remarkably resilient, developing well beyond initial expectations, and has made very good progress with poverty reduction. GNI per capita has grown from around US$100 in 1972 to US$1,314 in 2015, and the country crossed the World Bank threshold for the lower-middle-income group in 2015. As highlighted in the Seventh Five Year Plan background paper on ending extreme poverty, the agricultural labor market in Bangladesh tightened significantly in the decade of 2000s, which led to an increase in the real agricultural wage rate. Three main channels were the primary contributors: (a) relocation of farm labor to rural non-farm sectors; (b) relocation of rural labor to urban activities through the ‘pull effects’ of urbanization, creating employment opportunities for the extreme poor in labor-intensive construction and transport activities; and (c) jobs for the poor created in the manufacturing sector. Robust inflows of remittances from overseas workers contributed to spurring the creation of non-farm employment opportunities in rural areas.

Bangladesh : More and Better Jobs to Accelerate Shared Growth and End Extreme Poverty

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