Out of School and Out of Work : A Conceptual Framework for Investigating 'ninis' in Latin America and the Caribbean
The proportion of youth that is not in work or in school or ninis1 in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) remains high. The latest estimates show that about 19 per cent of 15-24 years olds in the region, were in this status in 2010 (de Hoyos, Rog...
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| Format: | Report |
| Language: | English en_US |
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World Bank, Washington, DC
2016
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2016/01/25811336/out-school-out-work-conceptual-framework-investigating-ninis-latin-america-caribbean http://hdl.handle.net/10986/23835 |
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okr-10986-23835 |
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| recordtype |
oai_dc |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
EMPLOYMENT RISKS CAPITAL MARKETS UNEMPLOYMENT RATES MOTIVATION PRODUCTION CURRENT LABOR FORCE LOCAL ECONOMY DROPOUTS YOUTH EMPLOYMENT INCOME INTEREST YOUTH CENTERS RATE OF RETURN PRIVATE OPPORTUNITY COSTS REAL EXCHANGE RATES EXPECTATIONS EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES MARGINAL COST INTEREST RATE EXCHANGE UTILITY MAXIMIZATION INFORMATION LABOR FORCE LIQUIDITY DEVELOPING COUNTRIES HOUSEHOLD BARGAINING WELFARE EFFECTS INCENTIVES MACROECONOMIC CONDITIONS VARIABLES BUDGET CONSTRAINTS CASH TRANSFER DECISIONS INFLATION BUDGET DEVELOPMENT CHOICE LABOR MARKET INFLUENCE COSTS MARKET RETURN PER CAPITA INCOME TRAINING MARKET VALUES ECONOMIC COOPERATION EXCHANGE RATES LIQUIDITY CONSTRAINTS PRODUCTIVITY ECONOMETRICS INTEREST RATES LABOR PRODUCTIVITY OPTIONS CHILD DEVELOPMENT TRANSFERS IMPERFECT INFORMATION VIOLENCE CRITERIA MARKETS PRIVATE INVESTMENT RETURN GANGS LABOR CAPITAL STOCKS UTILITY YOUTH DEVELOPMENT CAPITAL INVESTMENTS EXOGENOUS INCOME RULE OF LAW FINANCE ECONOMIC RESEARCH FEMALE LABOR UNEMPLOYMENT EQUITY ALTERNATIVE INVESTMENTS MACROECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT CONSUMPTION GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM BUDGET CONSTRAINT HUMAN CAPITAL TEENAGE PREGNANCY CAPITAL WAGES POLICIES PRIVATE MARGINAL COST ACCESS TO CAPITAL FUTURE MARKET PRICES AGE VALUE RETURNS ECONOMIC SECTORS UTILITY FUNCTION MARGINAL BENEFITS MARGINAL COSTS AGRICULTURE YOUTH SOCIAL NETWORKS SHARES OPPORTUNITY COSTS MARKET MARKET VALUE PRODUCTION FUNCTION ENDOGENOUS VARIABLES ECONOMICS LABOR MARKET RIGIDITIES INFLATION RATES FUNCTIONAL FORMS TRADE GDP GOODS CHILDREN STOCKS INVESTMENT RISK RATES OF RETURN HUMAN RESOURCES SHARE POVERTY BARGAINING SUPPLY YOUNG PEOPLE YOUTH TRAINING LABOR SUPPLY LAW ECONOMIC DEPENDENCY BORROWING INVESTMENTS RATES OF RETURNS YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT PUBLIC SPENDING LABOR MARKETS TEMPORARY EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES MARGINAL PROPENSITY TO CONSUME POSITIVE EFFECTS MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES PRICES DEVELOPMENT BANK FUTURE LABOR FUTURE RESEARCH INVESTING |
| spellingShingle |
EMPLOYMENT RISKS CAPITAL MARKETS UNEMPLOYMENT RATES MOTIVATION PRODUCTION CURRENT LABOR FORCE LOCAL ECONOMY DROPOUTS YOUTH EMPLOYMENT INCOME INTEREST YOUTH CENTERS RATE OF RETURN PRIVATE OPPORTUNITY COSTS REAL EXCHANGE RATES EXPECTATIONS EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES MARGINAL COST INTEREST RATE EXCHANGE UTILITY MAXIMIZATION INFORMATION LABOR FORCE LIQUIDITY DEVELOPING COUNTRIES HOUSEHOLD BARGAINING WELFARE EFFECTS INCENTIVES MACROECONOMIC CONDITIONS VARIABLES BUDGET CONSTRAINTS CASH TRANSFER DECISIONS INFLATION BUDGET DEVELOPMENT CHOICE LABOR MARKET INFLUENCE COSTS MARKET RETURN PER CAPITA INCOME TRAINING MARKET VALUES ECONOMIC COOPERATION EXCHANGE RATES LIQUIDITY CONSTRAINTS PRODUCTIVITY ECONOMETRICS INTEREST RATES LABOR PRODUCTIVITY OPTIONS CHILD DEVELOPMENT TRANSFERS IMPERFECT INFORMATION VIOLENCE CRITERIA MARKETS PRIVATE INVESTMENT RETURN GANGS LABOR CAPITAL STOCKS UTILITY YOUTH DEVELOPMENT CAPITAL INVESTMENTS EXOGENOUS INCOME RULE OF LAW FINANCE ECONOMIC RESEARCH FEMALE LABOR UNEMPLOYMENT EQUITY ALTERNATIVE INVESTMENTS MACROECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT CONSUMPTION GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM BUDGET CONSTRAINT HUMAN CAPITAL TEENAGE PREGNANCY CAPITAL WAGES POLICIES PRIVATE MARGINAL COST ACCESS TO CAPITAL FUTURE MARKET PRICES AGE VALUE RETURNS ECONOMIC SECTORS UTILITY FUNCTION MARGINAL BENEFITS MARGINAL COSTS AGRICULTURE YOUTH SOCIAL NETWORKS SHARES OPPORTUNITY COSTS MARKET MARKET VALUE PRODUCTION FUNCTION ENDOGENOUS VARIABLES ECONOMICS LABOR MARKET RIGIDITIES INFLATION RATES FUNCTIONAL FORMS TRADE GDP GOODS CHILDREN STOCKS INVESTMENT RISK RATES OF RETURN HUMAN RESOURCES SHARE POVERTY BARGAINING SUPPLY YOUNG PEOPLE YOUTH TRAINING LABOR SUPPLY LAW ECONOMIC DEPENDENCY BORROWING INVESTMENTS RATES OF RETURNS YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT PUBLIC SPENDING LABOR MARKETS TEMPORARY EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES MARGINAL PROPENSITY TO CONSUME POSITIVE EFFECTS MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES PRICES DEVELOPMENT BANK FUTURE LABOR FUTURE RESEARCH INVESTING Behrman, Jere R. de Hoyos, Rafael Székely, Miguel Out of School and Out of Work : A Conceptual Framework for Investigating 'ninis' in Latin America and the Caribbean |
| geographic_facet |
Latin America & Caribbean Caribbean Latin America |
| description |
The proportion of youth that is not in
work or in school or ninis1 in Latin America and the
Caribbean (LAC) remains high. The latest estimates show that
about 19 per cent of 15-24 years olds in the region, were in
this status in 2010 (de Hoyos, Rogers and Popova (2013).
This status entails a series of negative implications for
the life-cycle development of the youth involved with a
break in the human capital accumulation process that
translates into a reduction in future productivity and labor
market outcomes. A large share of ninis might also entail
risks for society at large through potential short-term
effects such as crime rates, and through the long-term
sequels from not fully capitalizing on the ‘demographic
window of opportunity’ of historically low economic
dependency ratios, among others. The objective of this paper
is to develop a conceptual framework for laying out the main
elements involved in the dynamics of choices and
restrictions faced by youth in the 15-24 age range. The
paper also discusses different approaches that could be used
to test the empirical validity of the theoretical
implications presented here. The paper includes four
sections. Section two starts with a simple characterization
of the life-cycle transition of time uses for youth in LAC.
Section three introduces a more formal presentation of what
underlies these processes and what impact they may have.
Section four addresses the considerations for empirical
analyses and policy discussion. The last section includes
some final remarks. |
| format |
Report |
| author |
Behrman, Jere R. de Hoyos, Rafael Székely, Miguel |
| author_facet |
Behrman, Jere R. de Hoyos, Rafael Székely, Miguel |
| author_sort |
Behrman, Jere R. |
| title |
Out of School and Out of Work : A Conceptual Framework for Investigating 'ninis' in Latin America and the Caribbean |
| title_short |
Out of School and Out of Work : A Conceptual Framework for Investigating 'ninis' in Latin America and the Caribbean |
| title_full |
Out of School and Out of Work : A Conceptual Framework for Investigating 'ninis' in Latin America and the Caribbean |
| title_fullStr |
Out of School and Out of Work : A Conceptual Framework for Investigating 'ninis' in Latin America and the Caribbean |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Out of School and Out of Work : A Conceptual Framework for Investigating 'ninis' in Latin America and the Caribbean |
| title_sort |
out of school and out of work : a conceptual framework for investigating 'ninis' in latin america and the caribbean |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2016 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2016/01/25811336/out-school-out-work-conceptual-framework-investigating-ninis-latin-america-caribbean http://hdl.handle.net/10986/23835 |
| _version_ |
1764454796064980992 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-238352021-04-23T14:04:17Z Out of School and Out of Work : A Conceptual Framework for Investigating 'ninis' in Latin America and the Caribbean Behrman, Jere R. de Hoyos, Rafael Székely, Miguel EMPLOYMENT RISKS CAPITAL MARKETS UNEMPLOYMENT RATES MOTIVATION PRODUCTION CURRENT LABOR FORCE LOCAL ECONOMY DROPOUTS YOUTH EMPLOYMENT INCOME INTEREST YOUTH CENTERS RATE OF RETURN PRIVATE OPPORTUNITY COSTS REAL EXCHANGE RATES EXPECTATIONS EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES MARGINAL COST INTEREST RATE EXCHANGE UTILITY MAXIMIZATION INFORMATION LABOR FORCE LIQUIDITY DEVELOPING COUNTRIES HOUSEHOLD BARGAINING WELFARE EFFECTS INCENTIVES MACROECONOMIC CONDITIONS VARIABLES BUDGET CONSTRAINTS CASH TRANSFER DECISIONS INFLATION BUDGET DEVELOPMENT CHOICE LABOR MARKET INFLUENCE COSTS MARKET RETURN PER CAPITA INCOME TRAINING MARKET VALUES ECONOMIC COOPERATION EXCHANGE RATES LIQUIDITY CONSTRAINTS PRODUCTIVITY ECONOMETRICS INTEREST RATES LABOR PRODUCTIVITY OPTIONS CHILD DEVELOPMENT TRANSFERS IMPERFECT INFORMATION VIOLENCE CRITERIA MARKETS PRIVATE INVESTMENT RETURN GANGS LABOR CAPITAL STOCKS UTILITY YOUTH DEVELOPMENT CAPITAL INVESTMENTS EXOGENOUS INCOME RULE OF LAW FINANCE ECONOMIC RESEARCH FEMALE LABOR UNEMPLOYMENT EQUITY ALTERNATIVE INVESTMENTS MACROECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT CONSUMPTION GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM BUDGET CONSTRAINT HUMAN CAPITAL TEENAGE PREGNANCY CAPITAL WAGES POLICIES PRIVATE MARGINAL COST ACCESS TO CAPITAL FUTURE MARKET PRICES AGE VALUE RETURNS ECONOMIC SECTORS UTILITY FUNCTION MARGINAL BENEFITS MARGINAL COSTS AGRICULTURE YOUTH SOCIAL NETWORKS SHARES OPPORTUNITY COSTS MARKET MARKET VALUE PRODUCTION FUNCTION ENDOGENOUS VARIABLES ECONOMICS LABOR MARKET RIGIDITIES INFLATION RATES FUNCTIONAL FORMS TRADE GDP GOODS CHILDREN STOCKS INVESTMENT RISK RATES OF RETURN HUMAN RESOURCES SHARE POVERTY BARGAINING SUPPLY YOUNG PEOPLE YOUTH TRAINING LABOR SUPPLY LAW ECONOMIC DEPENDENCY BORROWING INVESTMENTS RATES OF RETURNS YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT PUBLIC SPENDING LABOR MARKETS TEMPORARY EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES MARGINAL PROPENSITY TO CONSUME POSITIVE EFFECTS MIDDLE INCOME COUNTRIES PRICES DEVELOPMENT BANK FUTURE LABOR FUTURE RESEARCH INVESTING The proportion of youth that is not in work or in school or ninis1 in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) remains high. The latest estimates show that about 19 per cent of 15-24 years olds in the region, were in this status in 2010 (de Hoyos, Rogers and Popova (2013). This status entails a series of negative implications for the life-cycle development of the youth involved with a break in the human capital accumulation process that translates into a reduction in future productivity and labor market outcomes. A large share of ninis might also entail risks for society at large through potential short-term effects such as crime rates, and through the long-term sequels from not fully capitalizing on the ‘demographic window of opportunity’ of historically low economic dependency ratios, among others. The objective of this paper is to develop a conceptual framework for laying out the main elements involved in the dynamics of choices and restrictions faced by youth in the 15-24 age range. The paper also discusses different approaches that could be used to test the empirical validity of the theoretical implications presented here. The paper includes four sections. Section two starts with a simple characterization of the life-cycle transition of time uses for youth in LAC. Section three introduces a more formal presentation of what underlies these processes and what impact they may have. Section four addresses the considerations for empirical analyses and policy discussion. The last section includes some final remarks. 2016-03-03T17:44:48Z 2016-03-03T17:44:48Z 2014-09 Report http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2016/01/25811336/out-school-out-work-conceptual-framework-investigating-ninis-latin-america-caribbean http://hdl.handle.net/10986/23835 English en_US CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Economic & Sector Work :: Other Education Study Economic & Sector Work Latin America & Caribbean Caribbean Latin America |