Gender Earnings Gap in the Formal Labor Market in Turkey
Gender disparities in Turkey remain considerable despite Turkish government’s recent public policy initiatives aimed at increasing gender equity in Turkey. Overall gender equity ranking of Turkey in the gender gap 2012 report. Gender equity is iden...
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| Format: | Working Paper |
| Language: | English en_US |
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World Bank, Washington, DC
2016
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/905661479281926967/Gender-earnings-gap-in-the-formal-labor-market-in-Turkey http://hdl.handle.net/10986/25365 |
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okr-10986-253652021-04-23T14:04:31Z Gender Earnings Gap in the Formal Labor Market in Turkey Cebeci, Tolga gender gap educational attainment wages labor market Gender disparities in Turkey remain considerable despite Turkish government’s recent public policy initiatives aimed at increasing gender equity in Turkey. Overall gender equity ranking of Turkey in the gender gap 2012 report. Gender equity is identified as a key area in the 2012-2015 country partnership strategy of the World Bank Group (WBG) in Turkey. One of the projects initiated to move WBG’s gender agenda in Turkey further is the technical assistance project on promoting gender equity in labor markets and entrepreneurship. Using novel datasets, this study aims to contribute to the project through providing a better understanding of different dimensions of the gender gap in employment and particularly earnings. Key findings of this paper are as follows: (i) the gap between men and women in participation emerges with the early exit of women, particularly those low educated, after marriage; (ii) partly due to exit of low educated women after marriage, female employees, on average, have less work experience than male employees; (iii) compared to men, women work in higher paying sectors, sub-sectors, and firms within sub-sectors. Yet, women earn less than the men working in the same firm; (iv) female employees are more concentrated in larger firms especially in the East and the North regions of the country; and (v) once all observable characteristics are taken into account, it is hard to argue that earnings discrimination against women in the formal labor market of Turkey is large. Section one gives introduction. Section two and three are dedicated to the investigation of gender gap in labor market participation. Section four and five analyze the gender gap in earnings. Section six presents conclusion and policy implications. 2016-11-16T23:07:08Z 2016-11-16T23:07:08Z 2015-12 Working Paper http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/905661479281926967/Gender-earnings-gap-in-the-formal-labor-market-in-Turkey http://hdl.handle.net/10986/25365 English en_US CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research Publications & Research :: Working Paper Europe and Central Asia Turkey |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
gender gap educational attainment wages labor market |
| spellingShingle |
gender gap educational attainment wages labor market Cebeci, Tolga Gender Earnings Gap in the Formal Labor Market in Turkey |
| geographic_facet |
Europe and Central Asia Turkey |
| description |
Gender disparities in Turkey remain
considerable despite Turkish government’s recent public
policy initiatives aimed at increasing gender equity in
Turkey. Overall gender equity ranking of Turkey in the
gender gap 2012 report. Gender equity is identified as a key
area in the 2012-2015 country partnership strategy of the
World Bank Group (WBG) in Turkey. One of the projects
initiated to move WBG’s gender agenda in Turkey further is
the technical assistance project on promoting gender equity
in labor markets and entrepreneurship. Using novel datasets,
this study aims to contribute to the project through
providing a better understanding of different dimensions of
the gender gap in employment and particularly earnings. Key
findings of this paper are as follows: (i) the gap between
men and women in participation emerges with the early exit
of women, particularly those low educated, after marriage;
(ii) partly due to exit of low educated women after
marriage, female employees, on average, have less work
experience than male employees; (iii) compared to men, women
work in higher paying sectors, sub-sectors, and firms within
sub-sectors. Yet, women earn less than the men working in
the same firm; (iv) female employees are more concentrated
in larger firms especially in the East and the North regions
of the country; and (v) once all observable characteristics
are taken into account, it is hard to argue that earnings
discrimination against women in the formal labor market of
Turkey is large. Section one gives introduction. Section two
and three are dedicated to the investigation of gender gap
in labor market participation. Section four and five analyze
the gender gap in earnings. Section six presents conclusion
and policy implications. |
| format |
Working Paper |
| author |
Cebeci, Tolga |
| author_facet |
Cebeci, Tolga |
| author_sort |
Cebeci, Tolga |
| title |
Gender Earnings Gap in the Formal Labor Market in Turkey |
| title_short |
Gender Earnings Gap in the Formal Labor Market in Turkey |
| title_full |
Gender Earnings Gap in the Formal Labor Market in Turkey |
| title_fullStr |
Gender Earnings Gap in the Formal Labor Market in Turkey |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Gender Earnings Gap in the Formal Labor Market in Turkey |
| title_sort |
gender earnings gap in the formal labor market in turkey |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2016 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/905661479281926967/Gender-earnings-gap-in-the-formal-labor-market-in-Turkey http://hdl.handle.net/10986/25365 |
| _version_ |
1764459668704329728 |