Making the Cut? Low-Income Countries and the Global Clothing Value Chain in a Post-Quota and Post-Crisis World
The clothing sector has traditionally been a gateway to export diversification and industrial development for low-income countries (LICs) but recent developments may condition this role. In most developed and middle-income countries, the clothing s...
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| Format: | Publication |
| Language: | English |
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World Bank
2012
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| Online Access: | http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000334955_20110107051736 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/2547 |
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okr-10986-2547 |
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oai_dc |
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Digital Repository |
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Foreign Institution |
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Digital Repositories |
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World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
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World Bank |
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English |
| topic |
ACCOUNTING ACRYLIC APPAREL APPAREL INDUSTRY APPAREL PRODUCT APPLIED TARIFF AVERAGE PRICE AVERAGE TARIFFS BENEFICIARIES BENEFICIARY BILATERAL TRADE BONDED WAREHOUSE BONDED WAREHOUSES CAPACITY BUILDING CASH FLOWS CLOTHING CLOTHING EXPORTS CLOTHING INDUSTRY CLOTHING PRODUCTS COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE COMPETITIVE PRICE COMPETITIVENESS CONSUMER GOODS CONSUMERS COTTON CREDIT LINE CREDIT LINES DEFICITS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DOMESTIC INDUSTRIES DOMESTIC MARKETS DOMESTIC PRODUCERS DOMESTIC PRODUCTION DYEING ECONOMIC COOPERATION ECONOMIC CRISIS ECONOMIES OF SCALE EMERGING MARKETS ENTRY BARRIERS EQUIPMENT EXCHANGE RATE EXCHANGE RATES EXPORT COMPETITIVENESS EXPORT DIVERSIFICATION EXPORT GROWTH EXPORT MARKETS EXPORT PROCESSING EXPORT PROCESSING ZONE EXPORT SECTORS EXPORT SHARE EXPORT SHARES EXPORT VALUE EXPORTER EXPORTERS FABRICS FIBRE FINANCIAL CRISIS FINANCIAL SUPPORT FINISHING INDUSTRY FIXED COSTS FOOTWEAR FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FOREIGN INVESTMENT FOREIGN INVESTMENTS FOREIGN INVESTORS FOREIGN OWNERSHIP FREE ACCESS FREE TRADE FREE TRADE AREA GENERALIZED SYSTEM OF PREFERENCES GLOBAL ECONOMY GLOBAL MARKETS GLOBALIZATION GOVERNMENT POLICIES GOVERNMENT SUPPORT GROSS MARGIN GROWTH RATE HIGH TARIFFS HUMAN RESOURCES IMPORT DUTIES IMPORT MARKETS IMPORT PENETRATION IMPORTS OF TEXTILES INCOME INDUSTRIALIZATION INSURANCE INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL FINANCE INTERNATIONAL TRADE INVENTORY INVESTMENT REQUIREMENTS ITC LDCS LENDER LENDER OF LAST RESORT LOCAL BUSINESS LONG-TERM FINANCE LONG-TERM LOANS MARKET ACCESS MARKET CONCENTRATION MARKET DIVERSIFICATION MARKET SEGMENT MARKET SHARE MARKET SHARES MARKET STRUCTURES MARKETING MERCHANDISE MERCHANDISE EXPORTS MERCHANDISING NATURAL FIBERS NYLON POLYESTER PREFERENTIAL ACCESS PREFERENTIAL MARKET ACCESS PREFERENTIAL TARIFF PREFERENTIAL TRADE PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTS PRICE LEVEL QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS QUOTAS RAW MATERIAL RAW MATERIALS REGIONAL INTEGRATION REGIONAL TRADE REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS REGULATORY SYSTEM RETAIL RETURN RISK AVERSE RULES OF ORIGIN SALES SEWING SPECIALIZATION SPINNING SPREAD SUPPLIER SUPPLIERS SUPPLY CHAIN SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT SUPPLY CHAINS SUPPLY OF CREDIT SYNTHETIC FIBERS TARIFF BARRIERS TARIFF PREFERENCES TARIFF RATE TARIFF RATES TARIFF SCHEDULE TAX TEXTILE TEXTILE IMPORTS TEXTILE INDUSTRIES TEXTILE MILLS TEXTILE PRODUCTS TRADE AGREEMENT TRADE BARRIERS TRADE DATA TRADE FACILITATION TRADE FINANCE TRADE PATTERNS TRADE RESTRICTIONS TRADE UNION TRADING TRUST FUND VALUE ADDED WAGES WAREHOUSE WAREHOUSES WASTE WOOL WORKING CAPITAL WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WTO YARN YARNS ZERO TARIFFS |
| spellingShingle |
ACCOUNTING ACRYLIC APPAREL APPAREL INDUSTRY APPAREL PRODUCT APPLIED TARIFF AVERAGE PRICE AVERAGE TARIFFS BENEFICIARIES BENEFICIARY BILATERAL TRADE BONDED WAREHOUSE BONDED WAREHOUSES CAPACITY BUILDING CASH FLOWS CLOTHING CLOTHING EXPORTS CLOTHING INDUSTRY CLOTHING PRODUCTS COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE COMPETITIVE PRICE COMPETITIVENESS CONSUMER GOODS CONSUMERS COTTON CREDIT LINE CREDIT LINES DEFICITS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DOMESTIC INDUSTRIES DOMESTIC MARKETS DOMESTIC PRODUCERS DOMESTIC PRODUCTION DYEING ECONOMIC COOPERATION ECONOMIC CRISIS ECONOMIES OF SCALE EMERGING MARKETS ENTRY BARRIERS EQUIPMENT EXCHANGE RATE EXCHANGE RATES EXPORT COMPETITIVENESS EXPORT DIVERSIFICATION EXPORT GROWTH EXPORT MARKETS EXPORT PROCESSING EXPORT PROCESSING ZONE EXPORT SECTORS EXPORT SHARE EXPORT SHARES EXPORT VALUE EXPORTER EXPORTERS FABRICS FIBRE FINANCIAL CRISIS FINANCIAL SUPPORT FINISHING INDUSTRY FIXED COSTS FOOTWEAR FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FOREIGN INVESTMENT FOREIGN INVESTMENTS FOREIGN INVESTORS FOREIGN OWNERSHIP FREE ACCESS FREE TRADE FREE TRADE AREA GENERALIZED SYSTEM OF PREFERENCES GLOBAL ECONOMY GLOBAL MARKETS GLOBALIZATION GOVERNMENT POLICIES GOVERNMENT SUPPORT GROSS MARGIN GROWTH RATE HIGH TARIFFS HUMAN RESOURCES IMPORT DUTIES IMPORT MARKETS IMPORT PENETRATION IMPORTS OF TEXTILES INCOME INDUSTRIALIZATION INSURANCE INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL FINANCE INTERNATIONAL TRADE INVENTORY INVESTMENT REQUIREMENTS ITC LDCS LENDER LENDER OF LAST RESORT LOCAL BUSINESS LONG-TERM FINANCE LONG-TERM LOANS MARKET ACCESS MARKET CONCENTRATION MARKET DIVERSIFICATION MARKET SEGMENT MARKET SHARE MARKET SHARES MARKET STRUCTURES MARKETING MERCHANDISE MERCHANDISE EXPORTS MERCHANDISING NATURAL FIBERS NYLON POLYESTER PREFERENTIAL ACCESS PREFERENTIAL MARKET ACCESS PREFERENTIAL TARIFF PREFERENTIAL TRADE PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTS PRICE LEVEL QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS QUOTAS RAW MATERIAL RAW MATERIALS REGIONAL INTEGRATION REGIONAL TRADE REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS REGULATORY SYSTEM RETAIL RETURN RISK AVERSE RULES OF ORIGIN SALES SEWING SPECIALIZATION SPINNING SPREAD SUPPLIER SUPPLIERS SUPPLY CHAIN SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT SUPPLY CHAINS SUPPLY OF CREDIT SYNTHETIC FIBERS TARIFF BARRIERS TARIFF PREFERENCES TARIFF RATE TARIFF RATES TARIFF SCHEDULE TAX TEXTILE TEXTILE IMPORTS TEXTILE INDUSTRIES TEXTILE MILLS TEXTILE PRODUCTS TRADE AGREEMENT TRADE BARRIERS TRADE DATA TRADE FACILITATION TRADE FINANCE TRADE PATTERNS TRADE RESTRICTIONS TRADE UNION TRADING TRUST FUND VALUE ADDED WAGES WAREHOUSE WAREHOUSES WASTE WOOL WORKING CAPITAL WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WTO YARN YARNS ZERO TARIFFS Staritz, Cornelia Making the Cut? Low-Income Countries and the Global Clothing Value Chain in a Post-Quota and Post-Crisis World |
| relation |
World Bank Study |
| description |
The clothing sector has traditionally
been a gateway to export diversification and industrial
development for low-income countries (LICs) but recent
developments may condition this role. In most developed and
middle-income countries, the clothing sector was central in
the industrialization process. Recently, however, the
environment for global clothing trade has changed
significantly, driven by the rise of organizational buyers
and their global sourcing strategies, the phase-out of the
Multi-Fibre Arrangement (MFA) at the end of 2004, and the
global economic crisis in 2008-09. Changes in global supply
and demand structures have increased competition between LIC
exporters but also offer new opportunities in fast-growing
emerging markets. The second half of the twentieth century
was characterized by a rising demand for clothing and the
replacement of developed countries' domestic production
by imports from developing countries. Today, however, demand
has stagnated and import penetration levels are close to 100
percent in most developed countries. Thus, the growth of
clothing exports from a few developing countries largely
comes at the expense of clothing producers in other
developing countries. The heightened competition between
developing countries has been reinforced by overcapacity in
the global clothing industry since the MFA phase-out and has
been accelerated by the global economic crisis. However,
changes in demand structures post-crisis may lead to new
opportunities. While import demand for clothing in the
Unites States, the European Union (EU), and Japan might
stagnate, demand will increase in fast-growing emerging markets. |
| format |
Publications & Research :: Publication |
| author |
Staritz, Cornelia |
| author_facet |
Staritz, Cornelia |
| author_sort |
Staritz, Cornelia |
| title |
Making the Cut? Low-Income Countries
and the Global Clothing Value Chain in a Post-Quota and
Post-Crisis World |
| title_short |
Making the Cut? Low-Income Countries
and the Global Clothing Value Chain in a Post-Quota and
Post-Crisis World |
| title_full |
Making the Cut? Low-Income Countries
and the Global Clothing Value Chain in a Post-Quota and
Post-Crisis World |
| title_fullStr |
Making the Cut? Low-Income Countries
and the Global Clothing Value Chain in a Post-Quota and
Post-Crisis World |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Making the Cut? Low-Income Countries
and the Global Clothing Value Chain in a Post-Quota and
Post-Crisis World |
| title_sort |
making the cut? low-income countries
and the global clothing value chain in a post-quota and
post-crisis world |
| publisher |
World Bank |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000334955_20110107051736 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/2547 |
| _version_ |
1764385625927057408 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-25472021-04-23T14:02:02Z Making the Cut? Low-Income Countries and the Global Clothing Value Chain in a Post-Quota and Post-Crisis World Staritz, Cornelia ACCOUNTING ACRYLIC APPAREL APPAREL INDUSTRY APPAREL PRODUCT APPLIED TARIFF AVERAGE PRICE AVERAGE TARIFFS BENEFICIARIES BENEFICIARY BILATERAL TRADE BONDED WAREHOUSE BONDED WAREHOUSES CAPACITY BUILDING CASH FLOWS CLOTHING CLOTHING EXPORTS CLOTHING INDUSTRY CLOTHING PRODUCTS COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE COMPETITIVE PRICE COMPETITIVENESS CONSUMER GOODS CONSUMERS COTTON CREDIT LINE CREDIT LINES DEFICITS DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DOMESTIC INDUSTRIES DOMESTIC MARKETS DOMESTIC PRODUCERS DOMESTIC PRODUCTION DYEING ECONOMIC COOPERATION ECONOMIC CRISIS ECONOMIES OF SCALE EMERGING MARKETS ENTRY BARRIERS EQUIPMENT EXCHANGE RATE EXCHANGE RATES EXPORT COMPETITIVENESS EXPORT DIVERSIFICATION EXPORT GROWTH EXPORT MARKETS EXPORT PROCESSING EXPORT PROCESSING ZONE EXPORT SECTORS EXPORT SHARE EXPORT SHARES EXPORT VALUE EXPORTER EXPORTERS FABRICS FIBRE FINANCIAL CRISIS FINANCIAL SUPPORT FINISHING INDUSTRY FIXED COSTS FOOTWEAR FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT FOREIGN INVESTMENT FOREIGN INVESTMENTS FOREIGN INVESTORS FOREIGN OWNERSHIP FREE ACCESS FREE TRADE FREE TRADE AREA GENERALIZED SYSTEM OF PREFERENCES GLOBAL ECONOMY GLOBAL MARKETS GLOBALIZATION GOVERNMENT POLICIES GOVERNMENT SUPPORT GROSS MARGIN GROWTH RATE HIGH TARIFFS HUMAN RESOURCES IMPORT DUTIES IMPORT MARKETS IMPORT PENETRATION IMPORTS OF TEXTILES INCOME INDUSTRIALIZATION INSURANCE INTERNATIONAL BANK INTERNATIONAL FINANCE INTERNATIONAL TRADE INVENTORY INVESTMENT REQUIREMENTS ITC LDCS LENDER LENDER OF LAST RESORT LOCAL BUSINESS LONG-TERM FINANCE LONG-TERM LOANS MARKET ACCESS MARKET CONCENTRATION MARKET DIVERSIFICATION MARKET SEGMENT MARKET SHARE MARKET SHARES MARKET STRUCTURES MARKETING MERCHANDISE MERCHANDISE EXPORTS MERCHANDISING NATURAL FIBERS NYLON POLYESTER PREFERENTIAL ACCESS PREFERENTIAL MARKET ACCESS PREFERENTIAL TARIFF PREFERENTIAL TRADE PREFERENTIAL TRADE AGREEMENTS PRICE LEVEL QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS QUOTAS RAW MATERIAL RAW MATERIALS REGIONAL INTEGRATION REGIONAL TRADE REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS REGULATORY SYSTEM RETAIL RETURN RISK AVERSE RULES OF ORIGIN SALES SEWING SPECIALIZATION SPINNING SPREAD SUPPLIER SUPPLIERS SUPPLY CHAIN SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT SUPPLY CHAINS SUPPLY OF CREDIT SYNTHETIC FIBERS TARIFF BARRIERS TARIFF PREFERENCES TARIFF RATE TARIFF RATES TARIFF SCHEDULE TAX TEXTILE TEXTILE IMPORTS TEXTILE INDUSTRIES TEXTILE MILLS TEXTILE PRODUCTS TRADE AGREEMENT TRADE BARRIERS TRADE DATA TRADE FACILITATION TRADE FINANCE TRADE PATTERNS TRADE RESTRICTIONS TRADE UNION TRADING TRUST FUND VALUE ADDED WAGES WAREHOUSE WAREHOUSES WASTE WOOL WORKING CAPITAL WORLD TRADE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WTO YARN YARNS ZERO TARIFFS The clothing sector has traditionally been a gateway to export diversification and industrial development for low-income countries (LICs) but recent developments may condition this role. In most developed and middle-income countries, the clothing sector was central in the industrialization process. Recently, however, the environment for global clothing trade has changed significantly, driven by the rise of organizational buyers and their global sourcing strategies, the phase-out of the Multi-Fibre Arrangement (MFA) at the end of 2004, and the global economic crisis in 2008-09. Changes in global supply and demand structures have increased competition between LIC exporters but also offer new opportunities in fast-growing emerging markets. The second half of the twentieth century was characterized by a rising demand for clothing and the replacement of developed countries' domestic production by imports from developing countries. Today, however, demand has stagnated and import penetration levels are close to 100 percent in most developed countries. Thus, the growth of clothing exports from a few developing countries largely comes at the expense of clothing producers in other developing countries. The heightened competition between developing countries has been reinforced by overcapacity in the global clothing industry since the MFA phase-out and has been accelerated by the global economic crisis. However, changes in demand structures post-crisis may lead to new opportunities. While import demand for clothing in the Unites States, the European Union (EU), and Japan might stagnate, demand will increase in fast-growing emerging markets. 2012-03-19T09:36:10Z 2012-03-19T09:36:10Z 2011 http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000334955_20110107051736 978-0-8213-8636-1 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/2547 English World Bank Study CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo World Bank World Bank Publications & Research :: Publication Publications & Research :: Publication |