Freight Flows,Logistics Costs, and Efficiency : Optimal Path Analysis
In Central America, cargo is transported almost entirely by road. The movement of imports and exports to and from international seaports is done by truck. Rail service is almost nonexistent and air transport serves less than one percent of the carg...
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| Format: | Working Paper |
| Language: | English en_US |
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Washington, DC
2017
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/439631468230959321/Freight-flows-logistics-costs-and-efficiency-optimal-path-analysis-background-paper http://hdl.handle.net/10986/27230 |
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okr-10986-272302022-09-15T16:20:13Z Freight Flows,Logistics Costs, and Efficiency : Optimal Path Analysis World Bank ACCESS ROADS ACCIDENT AGRICULTURAL ZONES AIR AIR TRANSPORT AMBULANCES AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC AVERAGE SPEED AVERAGE SPEEDS AVERAGE TRAVEL SPEED BORDER CROSSINGS BOTTLENECK BOTTLENECKS BRIDGE BRIDGES BYPASSES CAR CAR ACCIDENTS CARGO CARS CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS CROSSING DESIGN SPEED DRAINAGE FIRE FIRE STATIONS FIRE TRUCKS FLOODING FREIGHT FREIGHT FLOWS FREIGHT TRANSPORT GRAVEL GRAVEL ROADS HIGHWAY HIGHWAYS INCOME INFRASTRUCTURE IMPROVEMENTS INTERNATIONAL ROUGHNESS INDEX LAND TRANSPORTATION LAND USE LANDSLIDES MOUNTAINOUS TERRAIN NAVIGATION PARKING PATH PATHS PAVING PORTS PRIMARY ROADS RAIL RAIL SERVICE RANGE REMOTE REMOTE SENSING RETAINING WALLS ROAD ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE ROAD NETWORK ROAD QUALITY ROAD WIDTH ROADS ROUGHNESS ROUTE ROUTES RURAL ROADS SECONDARY ROADS SPEED LIMITS SPEED REDUCTIONS SPEEDS SQUARE STREETS TERRAIN TERRAIN SLOPE TERTIARY ROADS TOLL TOPOGRAPHY TOTAL LENGTH TRAFFIC TRAFFIC VOLUME TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE TRANSPORT TIME TRANSPORTATION TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH TRAVEL SPEED TRAVEL SPEEDS TRAVEL TIME TRAVEL TIMES TRUCKING TRUCKS UNPAVED ROAD UNPAVED ROADS URBAN CONGESTION URBAN TRANSIT VEHICLE VEHICLES WAITING TIME In Central America, cargo is transported almost entirely by road. The movement of imports and exports to and from international seaports is done by truck. Rail service is almost nonexistent and air transport serves less than one percent of the cargo generated within the Central American Common Market (SIECA, 2004). Intra-regional trade is much more important in Central America than it might seem at first glance. The second largest trading partner of Central America is the region itself. In 2010, one quarter of the exports from Central America were destined for final consumption within the region. Half of the exports of Central America (54 percent in 2010) correspond to agricultural products and a large proportion of them supply markets inside the region. Nearly 40 percent of intra-regional exports consist of food, beverages, animals and plants (SIECA, 2011). Perishable food products are transported on trucks, and spatially restricted by the geography and the road infrastructure. In this context, inefficiencies in the supply chain and delays in freight flows lead to economic losses and amplify the negative impact of the distance to the markets on trade. A gravity model of trade showed that the negative effect of distance1 on total intra-regional exports is 77 percent higher in Central America than in the European Union (World Bank, 2010). More precisely, an increase in distance by 1 percent is expected to reduce intra-regional bilateral exports in Central America by 1.65 percent. In terms of volume, the negative effect of distance within the region exceeds the effect in Europe by 50 percent in grains and up to 550 percent in processed food. In the latter case, an increase in distance by 1 percent is expected to reduce intra-regional bilateral exports of processed food in Central America by 2.88 percent. 2017-06-15T20:35:14Z 2017-06-15T20:35:14Z 2012-06 Working Paper http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/439631468230959321/Freight-flows-logistics-costs-and-efficiency-optimal-path-analysis-background-paper http://hdl.handle.net/10986/27230 English en_US CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo World Bank Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Working Paper Publications & Research Latin America & Caribbean Central America Nicaragua |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
ACCESS ROADS ACCIDENT AGRICULTURAL ZONES AIR AIR TRANSPORT AMBULANCES AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC AVERAGE SPEED AVERAGE SPEEDS AVERAGE TRAVEL SPEED BORDER CROSSINGS BOTTLENECK BOTTLENECKS BRIDGE BRIDGES BYPASSES CAR CAR ACCIDENTS CARGO CARS CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS CROSSING DESIGN SPEED DRAINAGE FIRE FIRE STATIONS FIRE TRUCKS FLOODING FREIGHT FREIGHT FLOWS FREIGHT TRANSPORT GRAVEL GRAVEL ROADS HIGHWAY HIGHWAYS INCOME INFRASTRUCTURE IMPROVEMENTS INTERNATIONAL ROUGHNESS INDEX LAND TRANSPORTATION LAND USE LANDSLIDES MOUNTAINOUS TERRAIN NAVIGATION PARKING PATH PATHS PAVING PORTS PRIMARY ROADS RAIL RAIL SERVICE RANGE REMOTE REMOTE SENSING RETAINING WALLS ROAD ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE ROAD NETWORK ROAD QUALITY ROAD WIDTH ROADS ROUGHNESS ROUTE ROUTES RURAL ROADS SECONDARY ROADS SPEED LIMITS SPEED REDUCTIONS SPEEDS SQUARE STREETS TERRAIN TERRAIN SLOPE TERTIARY ROADS TOLL TOPOGRAPHY TOTAL LENGTH TRAFFIC TRAFFIC VOLUME TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE TRANSPORT TIME TRANSPORTATION TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH TRAVEL SPEED TRAVEL SPEEDS TRAVEL TIME TRAVEL TIMES TRUCKING TRUCKS UNPAVED ROAD UNPAVED ROADS URBAN CONGESTION URBAN TRANSIT VEHICLE VEHICLES WAITING TIME |
| spellingShingle |
ACCESS ROADS ACCIDENT AGRICULTURAL ZONES AIR AIR TRANSPORT AMBULANCES AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC AVERAGE SPEED AVERAGE SPEEDS AVERAGE TRAVEL SPEED BORDER CROSSINGS BOTTLENECK BOTTLENECKS BRIDGE BRIDGES BYPASSES CAR CAR ACCIDENTS CARGO CARS CONSTRUCTION CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS CROSSING DESIGN SPEED DRAINAGE FIRE FIRE STATIONS FIRE TRUCKS FLOODING FREIGHT FREIGHT FLOWS FREIGHT TRANSPORT GRAVEL GRAVEL ROADS HIGHWAY HIGHWAYS INCOME INFRASTRUCTURE IMPROVEMENTS INTERNATIONAL ROUGHNESS INDEX LAND TRANSPORTATION LAND USE LANDSLIDES MOUNTAINOUS TERRAIN NAVIGATION PARKING PATH PATHS PAVING PORTS PRIMARY ROADS RAIL RAIL SERVICE RANGE REMOTE REMOTE SENSING RETAINING WALLS ROAD ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE ROAD NETWORK ROAD QUALITY ROAD WIDTH ROADS ROUGHNESS ROUTE ROUTES RURAL ROADS SECONDARY ROADS SPEED LIMITS SPEED REDUCTIONS SPEEDS SQUARE STREETS TERRAIN TERRAIN SLOPE TERTIARY ROADS TOLL TOPOGRAPHY TOTAL LENGTH TRAFFIC TRAFFIC VOLUME TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE TRANSPORT TIME TRANSPORTATION TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH TRAVEL SPEED TRAVEL SPEEDS TRAVEL TIME TRAVEL TIMES TRUCKING TRUCKS UNPAVED ROAD UNPAVED ROADS URBAN CONGESTION URBAN TRANSIT VEHICLE VEHICLES WAITING TIME World Bank Freight Flows,Logistics Costs, and Efficiency : Optimal Path Analysis |
| geographic_facet |
Latin America & Caribbean Central America Nicaragua |
| description |
In Central America, cargo is transported
almost entirely by road. The movement of imports and exports
to and from international seaports is done by truck. Rail
service is almost nonexistent and air transport serves less
than one percent of the cargo generated within the Central
American Common Market (SIECA, 2004). Intra-regional trade
is much more important in Central America than it might seem
at first glance. The second largest trading partner of
Central America is the region itself. In 2010, one quarter
of the exports from Central America were destined for final
consumption within the region. Half of the exports of
Central America (54 percent in 2010) correspond to
agricultural products and a large proportion of them supply
markets inside the region. Nearly 40 percent of
intra-regional exports consist of food, beverages, animals
and plants (SIECA, 2011). Perishable food products are
transported on trucks, and spatially restricted by the
geography and the road infrastructure. In this context,
inefficiencies in the supply chain and delays in freight
flows lead to economic losses and amplify the negative
impact of the distance to the markets on trade. A gravity
model of trade showed that the negative effect of distance1
on total intra-regional exports is 77 percent higher in
Central America than in the European Union (World Bank,
2010). More precisely, an increase in distance by 1 percent
is expected to reduce intra-regional bilateral exports in
Central America by 1.65 percent. In terms of volume, the
negative effect of distance within the region exceeds the
effect in Europe by 50 percent in grains and up to 550
percent in processed food. In the latter case, an increase
in distance by 1 percent is expected to reduce
intra-regional bilateral exports of processed food in
Central America by 2.88 percent. |
| format |
Working Paper |
| author |
World Bank |
| author_facet |
World Bank |
| author_sort |
World Bank |
| title |
Freight Flows,Logistics Costs, and Efficiency : Optimal Path Analysis |
| title_short |
Freight Flows,Logistics Costs, and Efficiency : Optimal Path Analysis |
| title_full |
Freight Flows,Logistics Costs, and Efficiency : Optimal Path Analysis |
| title_fullStr |
Freight Flows,Logistics Costs, and Efficiency : Optimal Path Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Freight Flows,Logistics Costs, and Efficiency : Optimal Path Analysis |
| title_sort |
freight flows,logistics costs, and efficiency : optimal path analysis |
| publisher |
Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2017 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/439631468230959321/Freight-flows-logistics-costs-and-efficiency-optimal-path-analysis-background-paper http://hdl.handle.net/10986/27230 |
| _version_ |
1764463713355563008 |