Holding on to Monrovia : Protecting a Fragile Peace through Economic Governance and Short-Term Employment

A key driver of Liberia's re-emergence from utter destruction, between 2004 and 2008, was the willingness of international actors to accept the responsibility and risks associated with stabilization. This was accomplished by confronting these...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Giovine, Luigi, Krech, Robert, Ionkova, Kremena, Bach, Kathryn
Format: Working Paper
Language:English
en_US
Published: World Bank, Washington, DC 2017
Subjects:
IMF
WAR
Online Access:http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/174031468263673953/Holding-on-to-Monrovia-protecting-a-fragile-peace-through-economic-governance-and-short-term-employment
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/27335
id okr-10986-27335
recordtype oai_dc
repository_type Digital Repository
institution_category Foreign Institution
institution Digital Repositories
building World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection World Bank
language English
en_US
topic ALLIANCE
AMBASSADOR
ANTI-CORRUPTION
ANTICORRUPTION
ANTICORRUPTION COMMISSION
ARMED CONFLICTS
AUTHORITY
BASIC SERVICES
BATTLE
BEST PRACTICE
BEST PRACTICES
BILATERAL AGENCIES
BUREAUCRACY
BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT
CAPACITY BUILDING
CITIZENS
CIVIL CONFLICT
CIVIL SERVANT
CIVIL SERVANTS
CIVIL SOCIETY
CIVIL WAR
COLLAPSE
COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
COMPETITIVE BIDDING
COMPROMISES
CONFLICT
CONSENSUS
CONSTITUENCIES
CORRUPT
CORRUPT OFFICIALS
CORRUPT PRACTICES
CORRUPTION
CORRUPTION INVESTIGATION
CRIME
CRIMINAL
DEMOBILIZATION
DEMOCRACY
DEMOCRATIC ELECTIONS
DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS
DIPLOMACY
DISARMAMENT
DISENGAGEMENT
ECONOMIC GROWTH
ELECTIONS
EMBASSY
EMBEZZLEMENT
EMPLOYMENT CREATION
EMPLOYMENT GENERATION
EX-COMBATANT
EX-COMBATANTS
EXCOMBATANTS
EXECUTION
EXPENDITURE
EXPENDITURE MANAGEMENT
EXTERNAL DEBT
EXTERNAL INTERVENTION
FIGHTING
FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE
FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
FINANCIAL RESOURCES
FINANCIAL SYSTEMS
FISCAL POLICY
FOREIGN INVESTORS
FOREIGN POLICY
FOUNDATIONS
FRAUD
FRONTIER
GOOD GOVERNANCE
GOVERNANCE REFORM
GOVERNANCE REFORMS
GRAFT
HEAD OF STATE
HEADS OF STATE
HUMAN RESOURCES
IMF
IMMIGRANTS
INCOME
INFANT
INFANT MORTALITY
INFANT MORTALITY RATE
INITIATIVE
INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY
INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT
INSTITUTIONAL REFORM
INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES
INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY
INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
INTERNATIONAL INTERVENTION
INTERNATIONAL SUPPORT
JOB CREATION
JUDICIAL REFORM
JUDICIARY
LACK OF CAPACITY
LEADERSHIP
LEGISLATIVE ELECTIONS
LEGITIMACY
LIVE BIRTHS
LOCAL AUTHORITIES
LOCAL ECONOMY
LOW INCOME COUNTRIES
MALFEASANCE
MANDATES
MASS UNEMPLOYMENT
MATERNAL MORTALITY
MEETING
MERCENARY
MILITARY INTERVENTION
MINISTERS
MODALITIES
MONOPOLY
NATIONAL INTEREST
NATIONAL SOVEREIGNTY
NATIONS
NEGOTIATION
NUMBER OF WOMEN
OBSERVERS
PEACE
PEACEKEEPERS
PEACEKEEPING
POLICE
POLITICAL INFLUENCE
POPULATION GROUPS
PRACTITIONERS
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS
PRINT MEDIA
PROGRESS
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
PUBLIC AGENCIES
PUBLIC DEBT
PUBLIC FINANCES
PUBLIC HEALTH
PUBLIC INFORMATION
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
PUBLIC PROCUREMENT
PUBLIC RESOURCES
PUBLIC SECTOR
PUBLIC SECTOR ACCOUNTABILITY
PUBLIC SPENDING
RADIO
REBEL
RECONCILIATION
RECONSTRUCTION
REFUGEES
REHABILITATION
REPATRIATION
REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT
RETURNEES
ROAD
ROADS
RULE OF LAW
SANCTIONS
SANITATION
SELF-RELIANCE
SERVICE DELIVERY
SKILLED WORKERS
SOCIAL SECTOR
SOVEREIGNTY
STATE APPARATUS
STATE ASSETS
STATE INSTITUTIONS
STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES
SUPPLY NETWORKS
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
TRANSPARENCY
TREATY
UNDP
UNEMPLOYMENT
VICTIMS
VICTIMS OF VIOLENCE
VIOLENCE
VULNERABLE GROUPS
WAR
WEAPONS
WORLD DEVELOPMENT
YOUNG MEN
YOUTH
spellingShingle ALLIANCE
AMBASSADOR
ANTI-CORRUPTION
ANTICORRUPTION
ANTICORRUPTION COMMISSION
ARMED CONFLICTS
AUTHORITY
BASIC SERVICES
BATTLE
BEST PRACTICE
BEST PRACTICES
BILATERAL AGENCIES
BUREAUCRACY
BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT
CAPACITY BUILDING
CITIZENS
CIVIL CONFLICT
CIVIL SERVANT
CIVIL SERVANTS
CIVIL SOCIETY
CIVIL WAR
COLLAPSE
COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
COMPETITIVE BIDDING
COMPROMISES
CONFLICT
CONSENSUS
CONSTITUENCIES
CORRUPT
CORRUPT OFFICIALS
CORRUPT PRACTICES
CORRUPTION
CORRUPTION INVESTIGATION
CRIME
CRIMINAL
DEMOBILIZATION
DEMOCRACY
DEMOCRATIC ELECTIONS
DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS
DIPLOMACY
DISARMAMENT
DISENGAGEMENT
ECONOMIC GROWTH
ELECTIONS
EMBASSY
EMBEZZLEMENT
EMPLOYMENT CREATION
EMPLOYMENT GENERATION
EX-COMBATANT
EX-COMBATANTS
EXCOMBATANTS
EXECUTION
EXPENDITURE
EXPENDITURE MANAGEMENT
EXTERNAL DEBT
EXTERNAL INTERVENTION
FIGHTING
FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE
FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
FINANCIAL RESOURCES
FINANCIAL SYSTEMS
FISCAL POLICY
FOREIGN INVESTORS
FOREIGN POLICY
FOUNDATIONS
FRAUD
FRONTIER
GOOD GOVERNANCE
GOVERNANCE REFORM
GOVERNANCE REFORMS
GRAFT
HEAD OF STATE
HEADS OF STATE
HUMAN RESOURCES
IMF
IMMIGRANTS
INCOME
INFANT
INFANT MORTALITY
INFANT MORTALITY RATE
INITIATIVE
INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY
INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT
INSTITUTIONAL REFORM
INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES
INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY
INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
INTERNATIONAL INTERVENTION
INTERNATIONAL SUPPORT
JOB CREATION
JUDICIAL REFORM
JUDICIARY
LACK OF CAPACITY
LEADERSHIP
LEGISLATIVE ELECTIONS
LEGITIMACY
LIVE BIRTHS
LOCAL AUTHORITIES
LOCAL ECONOMY
LOW INCOME COUNTRIES
MALFEASANCE
MANDATES
MASS UNEMPLOYMENT
MATERNAL MORTALITY
MEETING
MERCENARY
MILITARY INTERVENTION
MINISTERS
MODALITIES
MONOPOLY
NATIONAL INTEREST
NATIONAL SOVEREIGNTY
NATIONS
NEGOTIATION
NUMBER OF WOMEN
OBSERVERS
PEACE
PEACEKEEPERS
PEACEKEEPING
POLICE
POLITICAL INFLUENCE
POPULATION GROUPS
PRACTITIONERS
PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS
PRINT MEDIA
PROGRESS
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
PUBLIC AGENCIES
PUBLIC DEBT
PUBLIC FINANCES
PUBLIC HEALTH
PUBLIC INFORMATION
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT
PUBLIC PROCUREMENT
PUBLIC RESOURCES
PUBLIC SECTOR
PUBLIC SECTOR ACCOUNTABILITY
PUBLIC SPENDING
RADIO
REBEL
RECONCILIATION
RECONSTRUCTION
REFUGEES
REHABILITATION
REPATRIATION
REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT
RETURNEES
ROAD
ROADS
RULE OF LAW
SANCTIONS
SANITATION
SELF-RELIANCE
SERVICE DELIVERY
SKILLED WORKERS
SOCIAL SECTOR
SOVEREIGNTY
STATE APPARATUS
STATE ASSETS
STATE INSTITUTIONS
STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES
SUPPLY NETWORKS
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
TRANSPARENCY
TREATY
UNDP
UNEMPLOYMENT
VICTIMS
VICTIMS OF VIOLENCE
VIOLENCE
VULNERABLE GROUPS
WAR
WEAPONS
WORLD DEVELOPMENT
YOUNG MEN
YOUTH
Giovine, Luigi
Krech, Robert
Ionkova, Kremena
Bach, Kathryn
Holding on to Monrovia : Protecting a Fragile Peace through Economic Governance and Short-Term Employment
geographic_facet Africa
Liberia
relation World Development Report 2011 Background Papers;
description A key driver of Liberia's re-emergence from utter destruction, between 2004 and 2008, was the willingness of international actors to accept the responsibility and risks associated with stabilization. This was accomplished by confronting these risks directly, even at the cost of temporarily filling institutional voids and sharing sovereignty with the Liberian transitional authorities. The main international diplomatic representations and aid agencies on the ground came to accept from their varying perspectives that peace in Liberia was fragile and that the Accra Comprehensive Peace Agreement (ACPA) of September 2003 was only the beginning of a protracted stabilization effort. The domestic market for consultants and goods did not exist, requiring the World Bank to innovate with new modes of delivering assistance. Thus, peace consolidation compelled international partners to simultaneously (i) prevent full state capture by corrupt elites in advance of elections and (ii) secure a peace dividend to vulnerable groups which could most directly threaten peace (young ex-combatants and refugees). Building on a solid UN-World Bank partnership, the international community found the internal consensus to address each of the two complementary peace consolidation challenges, adopting two highly innovative instruments: (i) an anti-corruption scheme labeled Governance and Economic Management Assistance Program (GEMAP), involving such robust measures as expatriate co-signing authority, and (ii) a short-term employment-generation scheme now known as roads-with- United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL), centered on a rare direct collaboration between the Bank and the engineering units of the UN's military peacekeeping force on the ground. This paper examines these two instruments more closely, in their successes and failures as well as from the perspective of temporary shared sovereignty and co-production.
format Working Paper
author Giovine, Luigi
Krech, Robert
Ionkova, Kremena
Bach, Kathryn
author_facet Giovine, Luigi
Krech, Robert
Ionkova, Kremena
Bach, Kathryn
author_sort Giovine, Luigi
title Holding on to Monrovia : Protecting a Fragile Peace through Economic Governance and Short-Term Employment
title_short Holding on to Monrovia : Protecting a Fragile Peace through Economic Governance and Short-Term Employment
title_full Holding on to Monrovia : Protecting a Fragile Peace through Economic Governance and Short-Term Employment
title_fullStr Holding on to Monrovia : Protecting a Fragile Peace through Economic Governance and Short-Term Employment
title_full_unstemmed Holding on to Monrovia : Protecting a Fragile Peace through Economic Governance and Short-Term Employment
title_sort holding on to monrovia : protecting a fragile peace through economic governance and short-term employment
publisher World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate 2017
url http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/174031468263673953/Holding-on-to-Monrovia-protecting-a-fragile-peace-through-economic-governance-and-short-term-employment
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/27335
_version_ 1764463939658186752
spelling okr-10986-273352021-04-23T14:04:40Z Holding on to Monrovia : Protecting a Fragile Peace through Economic Governance and Short-Term Employment Giovine, Luigi Krech, Robert Ionkova, Kremena Bach, Kathryn ALLIANCE AMBASSADOR ANTI-CORRUPTION ANTICORRUPTION ANTICORRUPTION COMMISSION ARMED CONFLICTS AUTHORITY BASIC SERVICES BATTLE BEST PRACTICE BEST PRACTICES BILATERAL AGENCIES BUREAUCRACY BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT CAPACITY BUILDING CITIZENS CIVIL CONFLICT CIVIL SERVANT CIVIL SERVANTS CIVIL SOCIETY CIVIL WAR COLLAPSE COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION COMPETITIVE BIDDING COMPROMISES CONFLICT CONSENSUS CONSTITUENCIES CORRUPT CORRUPT OFFICIALS CORRUPT PRACTICES CORRUPTION CORRUPTION INVESTIGATION CRIME CRIMINAL DEMOBILIZATION DEMOCRACY DEMOCRATIC ELECTIONS DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS DIPLOMACY DISARMAMENT DISENGAGEMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ELECTIONS EMBASSY EMBEZZLEMENT EMPLOYMENT CREATION EMPLOYMENT GENERATION EX-COMBATANT EX-COMBATANTS EXCOMBATANTS EXECUTION EXPENDITURE EXPENDITURE MANAGEMENT EXTERNAL DEBT EXTERNAL INTERVENTION FIGHTING FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT FINANCIAL RESOURCES FINANCIAL SYSTEMS FISCAL POLICY FOREIGN INVESTORS FOREIGN POLICY FOUNDATIONS FRAUD FRONTIER GOOD GOVERNANCE GOVERNANCE REFORM GOVERNANCE REFORMS GRAFT HEAD OF STATE HEADS OF STATE HUMAN RESOURCES IMF IMMIGRANTS INCOME INFANT INFANT MORTALITY INFANT MORTALITY RATE INITIATIVE INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTIONAL REFORM INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL INTERVENTION INTERNATIONAL SUPPORT JOB CREATION JUDICIAL REFORM JUDICIARY LACK OF CAPACITY LEADERSHIP LEGISLATIVE ELECTIONS LEGITIMACY LIVE BIRTHS LOCAL AUTHORITIES LOCAL ECONOMY LOW INCOME COUNTRIES MALFEASANCE MANDATES MASS UNEMPLOYMENT MATERNAL MORTALITY MEETING MERCENARY MILITARY INTERVENTION MINISTERS MODALITIES MONOPOLY NATIONAL INTEREST NATIONAL SOVEREIGNTY NATIONS NEGOTIATION NUMBER OF WOMEN OBSERVERS PEACE PEACEKEEPERS PEACEKEEPING POLICE POLITICAL INFLUENCE POPULATION GROUPS PRACTITIONERS PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS PRINT MEDIA PROGRESS PROJECT MANAGEMENT PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION PUBLIC AGENCIES PUBLIC DEBT PUBLIC FINANCES PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC INFORMATION PUBLIC MANAGEMENT PUBLIC PROCUREMENT PUBLIC RESOURCES PUBLIC SECTOR PUBLIC SECTOR ACCOUNTABILITY PUBLIC SPENDING RADIO REBEL RECONCILIATION RECONSTRUCTION REFUGEES REHABILITATION REPATRIATION REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT RETURNEES ROAD ROADS RULE OF LAW SANCTIONS SANITATION SELF-RELIANCE SERVICE DELIVERY SKILLED WORKERS SOCIAL SECTOR SOVEREIGNTY STATE APPARATUS STATE ASSETS STATE INSTITUTIONS STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES SUPPLY NETWORKS TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TRANSPARENCY TREATY UNDP UNEMPLOYMENT VICTIMS VICTIMS OF VIOLENCE VIOLENCE VULNERABLE GROUPS WAR WEAPONS WORLD DEVELOPMENT YOUNG MEN YOUTH A key driver of Liberia's re-emergence from utter destruction, between 2004 and 2008, was the willingness of international actors to accept the responsibility and risks associated with stabilization. This was accomplished by confronting these risks directly, even at the cost of temporarily filling institutional voids and sharing sovereignty with the Liberian transitional authorities. The main international diplomatic representations and aid agencies on the ground came to accept from their varying perspectives that peace in Liberia was fragile and that the Accra Comprehensive Peace Agreement (ACPA) of September 2003 was only the beginning of a protracted stabilization effort. The domestic market for consultants and goods did not exist, requiring the World Bank to innovate with new modes of delivering assistance. Thus, peace consolidation compelled international partners to simultaneously (i) prevent full state capture by corrupt elites in advance of elections and (ii) secure a peace dividend to vulnerable groups which could most directly threaten peace (young ex-combatants and refugees). Building on a solid UN-World Bank partnership, the international community found the internal consensus to address each of the two complementary peace consolidation challenges, adopting two highly innovative instruments: (i) an anti-corruption scheme labeled Governance and Economic Management Assistance Program (GEMAP), involving such robust measures as expatriate co-signing authority, and (ii) a short-term employment-generation scheme now known as roads-with- United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL), centered on a rare direct collaboration between the Bank and the engineering units of the UN's military peacekeeping force on the ground. This paper examines these two instruments more closely, in their successes and failures as well as from the perspective of temporary shared sovereignty and co-production. 2017-06-27T16:14:20Z 2017-06-27T16:14:20Z 2011-07 Working Paper http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/174031468263673953/Holding-on-to-Monrovia-protecting-a-fragile-peace-through-economic-governance-and-short-term-employment http://hdl.handle.net/10986/27335 English en_US World Development Report 2011 Background Papers; CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Working Paper Publications & Research Africa Liberia