The Impacts of Economic Crisis in Mongolia : Findings from Focus Group Discussions

Mongolia was hit hard by the global economic recession, notably the fall in commodity prices. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) contracted by 1.6 percent in 2009 after growth of 8.9 percent in 2008. The country is narrowly specialized in production of a...

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Main Authors: Reva, Anna, Heltberg, Rasmus, Sodnomtseren, Altantsetseg, Sarantuya, J.
Format: Policy Note
Language:English
en_US
Published: World Bank, Washington, DC 2017
Subjects:
BUS
CAR
TAX
Online Access:http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/384901468060257363/The-impacts-of-economic-crisis-in-Mongolia-findings-from-focus-group-discussions
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/27413
id okr-10986-27413
recordtype oai_dc
repository_type Digital Repository
institution_category Foreign Institution
institution Digital Repositories
building World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection World Bank
language English
en_US
topic ACCESS TO HEALTH SERVICES
ACCESS TO MARKETS
ALCOHOL ABUSE
ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION
ANIMAL
ANIMAL FEED
ANIMAL FODDER
ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
ANIMAL PRODUCTIVITY
ANIMALS
BABY
BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE
BLACK MARKET
BUS
BUS TICKET
CAMELS
CAR
CAR BREAKS
CARS
CASH TRANSFERS
CATERING
CHRONIC POVERTY
CITIZEN
CITIZENS
COMMODITY PRICE
COMMODITY PRICES
COMMUNITY GROUP
CONFLICT
CONSUMER PRICES
COST OF TRANSPORTATION
COSTS OF TRANSPORTATION
COWS
DAIRY
DAIRY PRODUCTS
DISABILITY
DISASTERS
DISCRIMINATION
DOGS
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
DRIVERS
DRIVING
DURABLE GOODS
ECONOMIC GROWTH
ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES
ECONOMIC SHOCKS
ECOSYSTEM
ELDERLY
EMERGENCY SITUATIONS
EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
EXPENDITURES
FAMILY MEMBERS
FAMILY TIES
FARM
FARMERS
FEED
FISCAL CONSTRAINTS
FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONS
FOOD BASKET
FOOD CONSUMPTION
FOOD IMPORTS
FOOD PRICE
FOOD PRICES
FOOD PRODUCTS
GAME
GENDER ROLES
GOATS
HEALTH INSURANCE
HEALTH RISKS
HEALTH SERVICES
HERDERS
HERDING
HERDS
HIGH TRANSPORT
HOMELESS PEOPLE
HORSE
HOUSEHOLD BUDGETS
HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
ILLNESS
INCOME
INTERNATIONAL MIGRANTS
JOB CREATION
LABOR MARKET
LACK OF SKILLS
LIVELIHOOD OPPORTUNITIES
LIVESTOCK
LIVESTOCK BREEDING
LIVESTOCK PRODUCERS
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTIVITY
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS
LIVESTOCK SALES
LIVESTOCK SECTOR
LIVING CONDITIONS
LIVING STANDARDS
LOCAL COMMUNITY
LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
LOSS OF LAND
MALNUTRITION
MARKET CONDITIONS
MARKET TRADERS
MATERNITY LEAVE
MEAT
MEAT PRICES
MEAT PROCESSING
MEAT PRODUCTS
MIDDLEMEN
MIGRANT
MIGRANT WORKERS
MIGRANTS
MILK
MOBILITY
NATURAL DISASTERS
NUMBER OF PEOPLE
NUTRITION
PASTORAL LIVELIHOODS
PASTURE MANAGEMENT
PENSIONS
POLICE
POOR
POOR FAMILIES
POOR HOUSEHOLDS
POOR INDIVIDUALS
POPULATION GROUPS
PRICE FLUCTUATIONS
PRICE INFLATION
PRIMARY SCHOOL
PRODUCER PRICES
PROGRESS
PUBLIC AWARENESS
PUBLIC SERVICES
PUBLIC SUPPORT
RANGE MANAGEMENT
REMITTANCE
REMITTANCES
REMOTE LOCATIONS
RESETTLEMENT
ROADS
ROLE OF WOMEN
RURAL
RURAL AREAS
RURAL ENTREPRENEURS
RURAL HOUSEHOLDS
RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE
RURAL POPULATION
RURAL WOMEN
SAFETY
SAFETY NET
SAFETY NETS
SAVINGS
SCHOOL CHILDREN
SCHOOL STUDENTS
SELF-ESTEEM
SERVICE PROVISION
SEVERANCE PAYMENTS
SHEEP
SHEEP WOOL
SINGLE MOTHERS
SKILLED WORKERS
SKILLS DEVELOPMENT
SMALL ENTERPRISES
SMALL LOANS
SOCIAL ASSISTANCE
SOCIAL CHANGES
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
SOCIAL IMPACTS
SOCIAL PROGRAMS
SOCIAL SAFETY NETS
SOCIAL SERVICES
SOCIAL WELFARE
SOCIAL WORKERS
STREETS
SUBSISTENCE FARMERS
SUPPLY CHAINS
TAX
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
TRADE NEGOTIATIONS
TRANSPORT
TRANSPORT COSTS
TRANSPORTATION
TRANSPORTATION COST
TRANSPORTATION COSTS
TRANSPORTS
TRUE
TURNOVER
UNEMPLOYMENT
UNIVERSITY EDUCATION
URBAN AREAS
URBAN CENTERS
URBAN MIGRATION
URBAN WOMEN
VICTIMS
VULNERABILITY
VULNERABLE GROUPS
WEALTH
WHOLESALE PRICES
WOMAN
WOOL
WORKING CONDITIONS
YOUNG ADULTS
YOUNG AGE
YOUNG MEN
YOUNG PEOPLE
spellingShingle ACCESS TO HEALTH SERVICES
ACCESS TO MARKETS
ALCOHOL ABUSE
ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION
ANIMAL
ANIMAL FEED
ANIMAL FODDER
ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
ANIMAL PRODUCTIVITY
ANIMALS
BABY
BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE
BLACK MARKET
BUS
BUS TICKET
CAMELS
CAR
CAR BREAKS
CARS
CASH TRANSFERS
CATERING
CHRONIC POVERTY
CITIZEN
CITIZENS
COMMODITY PRICE
COMMODITY PRICES
COMMUNITY GROUP
CONFLICT
CONSUMER PRICES
COST OF TRANSPORTATION
COSTS OF TRANSPORTATION
COWS
DAIRY
DAIRY PRODUCTS
DISABILITY
DISASTERS
DISCRIMINATION
DOGS
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
DRIVERS
DRIVING
DURABLE GOODS
ECONOMIC GROWTH
ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES
ECONOMIC SHOCKS
ECOSYSTEM
ELDERLY
EMERGENCY SITUATIONS
EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
EXPENDITURES
FAMILY MEMBERS
FAMILY TIES
FARM
FARMERS
FEED
FISCAL CONSTRAINTS
FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONS
FOOD BASKET
FOOD CONSUMPTION
FOOD IMPORTS
FOOD PRICE
FOOD PRICES
FOOD PRODUCTS
GAME
GENDER ROLES
GOATS
HEALTH INSURANCE
HEALTH RISKS
HEALTH SERVICES
HERDERS
HERDING
HERDS
HIGH TRANSPORT
HOMELESS PEOPLE
HORSE
HOUSEHOLD BUDGETS
HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
ILLNESS
INCOME
INTERNATIONAL MIGRANTS
JOB CREATION
LABOR MARKET
LACK OF SKILLS
LIVELIHOOD OPPORTUNITIES
LIVESTOCK
LIVESTOCK BREEDING
LIVESTOCK PRODUCERS
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTIVITY
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS
LIVESTOCK SALES
LIVESTOCK SECTOR
LIVING CONDITIONS
LIVING STANDARDS
LOCAL COMMUNITY
LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
LOSS OF LAND
MALNUTRITION
MARKET CONDITIONS
MARKET TRADERS
MATERNITY LEAVE
MEAT
MEAT PRICES
MEAT PROCESSING
MEAT PRODUCTS
MIDDLEMEN
MIGRANT
MIGRANT WORKERS
MIGRANTS
MILK
MOBILITY
NATURAL DISASTERS
NUMBER OF PEOPLE
NUTRITION
PASTORAL LIVELIHOODS
PASTURE MANAGEMENT
PENSIONS
POLICE
POOR
POOR FAMILIES
POOR HOUSEHOLDS
POOR INDIVIDUALS
POPULATION GROUPS
PRICE FLUCTUATIONS
PRICE INFLATION
PRIMARY SCHOOL
PRODUCER PRICES
PROGRESS
PUBLIC AWARENESS
PUBLIC SERVICES
PUBLIC SUPPORT
RANGE MANAGEMENT
REMITTANCE
REMITTANCES
REMOTE LOCATIONS
RESETTLEMENT
ROADS
ROLE OF WOMEN
RURAL
RURAL AREAS
RURAL ENTREPRENEURS
RURAL HOUSEHOLDS
RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE
RURAL POPULATION
RURAL WOMEN
SAFETY
SAFETY NET
SAFETY NETS
SAVINGS
SCHOOL CHILDREN
SCHOOL STUDENTS
SELF-ESTEEM
SERVICE PROVISION
SEVERANCE PAYMENTS
SHEEP
SHEEP WOOL
SINGLE MOTHERS
SKILLED WORKERS
SKILLS DEVELOPMENT
SMALL ENTERPRISES
SMALL LOANS
SOCIAL ASSISTANCE
SOCIAL CHANGES
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
SOCIAL IMPACTS
SOCIAL PROGRAMS
SOCIAL SAFETY NETS
SOCIAL SERVICES
SOCIAL WELFARE
SOCIAL WORKERS
STREETS
SUBSISTENCE FARMERS
SUPPLY CHAINS
TAX
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
TRADE NEGOTIATIONS
TRANSPORT
TRANSPORT COSTS
TRANSPORTATION
TRANSPORTATION COST
TRANSPORTATION COSTS
TRANSPORTS
TRUE
TURNOVER
UNEMPLOYMENT
UNIVERSITY EDUCATION
URBAN AREAS
URBAN CENTERS
URBAN MIGRATION
URBAN WOMEN
VICTIMS
VULNERABILITY
VULNERABLE GROUPS
WEALTH
WHOLESALE PRICES
WOMAN
WOOL
WORKING CONDITIONS
YOUNG ADULTS
YOUNG AGE
YOUNG MEN
YOUNG PEOPLE
Reva, Anna
Heltberg, Rasmus
Sodnomtseren, Altantsetseg
Sarantuya, J.
The Impacts of Economic Crisis in Mongolia : Findings from Focus Group Discussions
geographic_facet East Asia and Pacific
Mongolia
description Mongolia was hit hard by the global economic recession, notably the fall in commodity prices. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) contracted by 1.6 percent in 2009 after growth of 8.9 percent in 2008. The country is narrowly specialized in production of a few primary goods with minerals comprising 70 percent of total exports. Since mid-2008, the prices of main export goods, including copper, zinc, crude petroleum, combed goat-down and cashmere dropped by close to or more than 50 percent, though prices of coal and gold held strong. Furthermore, construction activity fell sharply in 2009 as both the public and private sectors reduced investments and bank loans became less accessible. The research was conducted in urban and rural areas of Mongolia and involved interviews and focus group discussions with about 500 people total (over the four rounds of data collection) belonging to groups identified as particularly exposed to the impacts of the crisis. The primary impacts of the crisis were observed through: 1) labor market effects (e.g. reduced salaries, increased discrimination in the labor market, intensified competition for jobs and a reduction in profitability of small businesses of the poor), 2) price shocks, and 3) social changes (e.g. increase in crime and alcohol abuse). These impacts were particularly significant for the poor.
format Policy Note
author Reva, Anna
Heltberg, Rasmus
Sodnomtseren, Altantsetseg
Sarantuya, J.
author_facet Reva, Anna
Heltberg, Rasmus
Sodnomtseren, Altantsetseg
Sarantuya, J.
author_sort Reva, Anna
title The Impacts of Economic Crisis in Mongolia : Findings from Focus Group Discussions
title_short The Impacts of Economic Crisis in Mongolia : Findings from Focus Group Discussions
title_full The Impacts of Economic Crisis in Mongolia : Findings from Focus Group Discussions
title_fullStr The Impacts of Economic Crisis in Mongolia : Findings from Focus Group Discussions
title_full_unstemmed The Impacts of Economic Crisis in Mongolia : Findings from Focus Group Discussions
title_sort impacts of economic crisis in mongolia : findings from focus group discussions
publisher World Bank, Washington, DC
publishDate 2017
url http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/384901468060257363/The-impacts-of-economic-crisis-in-Mongolia-findings-from-focus-group-discussions
http://hdl.handle.net/10986/27413
_version_ 1764464005291704320
spelling okr-10986-274132021-04-23T14:04:41Z The Impacts of Economic Crisis in Mongolia : Findings from Focus Group Discussions Reva, Anna Heltberg, Rasmus Sodnomtseren, Altantsetseg Sarantuya, J. ACCESS TO HEALTH SERVICES ACCESS TO MARKETS ALCOHOL ABUSE ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION ANIMAL ANIMAL FEED ANIMAL FODDER ANIMAL HUSBANDRY ANIMAL PRODUCTIVITY ANIMALS BABY BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE BLACK MARKET BUS BUS TICKET CAMELS CAR CAR BREAKS CARS CASH TRANSFERS CATERING CHRONIC POVERTY CITIZEN CITIZENS COMMODITY PRICE COMMODITY PRICES COMMUNITY GROUP CONFLICT CONSUMER PRICES COST OF TRANSPORTATION COSTS OF TRANSPORTATION COWS DAIRY DAIRY PRODUCTS DISABILITY DISASTERS DISCRIMINATION DOGS DOMESTIC VIOLENCE DRIVERS DRIVING DURABLE GOODS ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMIC SHOCKS ECOSYSTEM ELDERLY EMERGENCY SITUATIONS EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EMPLOYMENT STATUS EXPENDITURES FAMILY MEMBERS FAMILY TIES FARM FARMERS FEED FISCAL CONSTRAINTS FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONS FOOD BASKET FOOD CONSUMPTION FOOD IMPORTS FOOD PRICE FOOD PRICES FOOD PRODUCTS GAME GENDER ROLES GOATS HEALTH INSURANCE HEALTH RISKS HEALTH SERVICES HERDERS HERDING HERDS HIGH TRANSPORT HOMELESS PEOPLE HORSE HOUSEHOLD BUDGETS HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ILLNESS INCOME INTERNATIONAL MIGRANTS JOB CREATION LABOR MARKET LACK OF SKILLS LIVELIHOOD OPPORTUNITIES LIVESTOCK LIVESTOCK BREEDING LIVESTOCK PRODUCERS LIVESTOCK PRODUCTIVITY LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS LIVESTOCK SALES LIVESTOCK SECTOR LIVING CONDITIONS LIVING STANDARDS LOCAL COMMUNITY LOCAL GOVERNMENTS LOSS OF LAND MALNUTRITION MARKET CONDITIONS MARKET TRADERS MATERNITY LEAVE MEAT MEAT PRICES MEAT PROCESSING MEAT PRODUCTS MIDDLEMEN MIGRANT MIGRANT WORKERS MIGRANTS MILK MOBILITY NATURAL DISASTERS NUMBER OF PEOPLE NUTRITION PASTORAL LIVELIHOODS PASTURE MANAGEMENT PENSIONS POLICE POOR POOR FAMILIES POOR HOUSEHOLDS POOR INDIVIDUALS POPULATION GROUPS PRICE FLUCTUATIONS PRICE INFLATION PRIMARY SCHOOL PRODUCER PRICES PROGRESS PUBLIC AWARENESS PUBLIC SERVICES PUBLIC SUPPORT RANGE MANAGEMENT REMITTANCE REMITTANCES REMOTE LOCATIONS RESETTLEMENT ROADS ROLE OF WOMEN RURAL RURAL AREAS RURAL ENTREPRENEURS RURAL HOUSEHOLDS RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE RURAL POPULATION RURAL WOMEN SAFETY SAFETY NET SAFETY NETS SAVINGS SCHOOL CHILDREN SCHOOL STUDENTS SELF-ESTEEM SERVICE PROVISION SEVERANCE PAYMENTS SHEEP SHEEP WOOL SINGLE MOTHERS SKILLED WORKERS SKILLS DEVELOPMENT SMALL ENTERPRISES SMALL LOANS SOCIAL ASSISTANCE SOCIAL CHANGES SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT SOCIAL IMPACTS SOCIAL PROGRAMS SOCIAL SAFETY NETS SOCIAL SERVICES SOCIAL WELFARE SOCIAL WORKERS STREETS SUBSISTENCE FARMERS SUPPLY CHAINS TAX TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TRADE NEGOTIATIONS TRANSPORT TRANSPORT COSTS TRANSPORTATION TRANSPORTATION COST TRANSPORTATION COSTS TRANSPORTS TRUE TURNOVER UNEMPLOYMENT UNIVERSITY EDUCATION URBAN AREAS URBAN CENTERS URBAN MIGRATION URBAN WOMEN VICTIMS VULNERABILITY VULNERABLE GROUPS WEALTH WHOLESALE PRICES WOMAN WOOL WORKING CONDITIONS YOUNG ADULTS YOUNG AGE YOUNG MEN YOUNG PEOPLE Mongolia was hit hard by the global economic recession, notably the fall in commodity prices. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) contracted by 1.6 percent in 2009 after growth of 8.9 percent in 2008. The country is narrowly specialized in production of a few primary goods with minerals comprising 70 percent of total exports. Since mid-2008, the prices of main export goods, including copper, zinc, crude petroleum, combed goat-down and cashmere dropped by close to or more than 50 percent, though prices of coal and gold held strong. Furthermore, construction activity fell sharply in 2009 as both the public and private sectors reduced investments and bank loans became less accessible. The research was conducted in urban and rural areas of Mongolia and involved interviews and focus group discussions with about 500 people total (over the four rounds of data collection) belonging to groups identified as particularly exposed to the impacts of the crisis. The primary impacts of the crisis were observed through: 1) labor market effects (e.g. reduced salaries, increased discrimination in the labor market, intensified competition for jobs and a reduction in profitability of small businesses of the poor), 2) price shocks, and 3) social changes (e.g. increase in crime and alcohol abuse). These impacts were particularly significant for the poor. 2017-06-27T21:23:49Z 2017-06-27T21:23:49Z 2011-04 Policy Note http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/384901468060257363/The-impacts-of-economic-crisis-in-Mongolia-findings-from-focus-group-discussions http://hdl.handle.net/10986/27413 English en_US CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Economic & Sector Work :: Policy Note Economic & Sector Work East Asia and Pacific Mongolia