A Generic Drug Policy as Cornerstone to Essential Medicines in China
Compared with developed economies, health expenditure in China is not particularly high on a per capita basis or as a share of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Similarly, pharmaceutical expenditure in comparative perspective is not particularly high o...
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| Format: | Policy Note |
| Language: | English en_US |
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Washington, DC
2017
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/922831468215970921/Main-report http://hdl.handle.net/10986/27722 |
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okr-10986-27722 |
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| recordtype |
oai_dc |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
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World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English en_US |
| topic |
ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE ACCESS TO INFORMATION ACTIVE INGREDIENTS AGING ANTIBIOTICS BENCHMARKS BIDDING BIOEQUIVALENCE CANCER CAPACITY BUILDING CAPITATION CAPITATION BASIS CENTER FOR HEALTH CERTIFICATION CHRONIC CONDITIONS CHRONIC DISEASES CITIZEN CITIZENS CLINICAL GUIDELINES CLINICAL PRACTICE COMMUNITY HEALTH CONSUMER EDUCATION COOPERATIVE MEDICAL INSURANCE DECISION MAKING DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DIABETES DIAGNOSIS DIFFERENTIAL PRICING DISSEMINATION DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS DOCTORS DOSAGES DRUG ADMINISTRATION DRUG INDUSTRY DRUG LIST DRUG MARKETS DRUG POLICIES DRUG PRICES DRUG UTILIZATION DRUGS ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS ECONOMIC PROGRESS EQUAL ACCESS EQUITABLE ACCESS ESSENTIAL DRUGS ESSENTIAL MEDICINES FAMILIES FEES FOR SERVICES FINANCIAL COMMITMENT FORECASTS FRAUD GENERIC DRUGS GMP GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICES GOVERNMENT AGENCIES GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT HEALTH AUTHORITIES HEALTH CARE HEALTH CARE COVERAGE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM HEALTH CENTERS HEALTH COVERAGE HEALTH ECONOMICS HEALTH EXPENDITURE HEALTH EXPENDITURES HEALTH FACILITIES HEALTH IMPACT HEALTH INSTITUTIONS HEALTH INSURANCE HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS HEALTH OUTCOMES HEALTH POLICY HEALTH PROFESSIONALS HEALTH PROVIDERS HEALTH REFORM HEALTH REFORMS HEALTH RISKS HEALTH SECTOR HEALTH SECTOR REFORM HEALTH SERVICE HEALTH SERVICES HEALTH STATUS HEALTH STRATEGIES HEALTH SYSTEM HEALTHCARE HEPATITIS B HIV/AIDS HOSPITAL HOSPITAL PHARMACIES HOSPITALS HUMAN RESOURCES HYPERTENSION ILLNESSES INCOME INFECTIOUS DISEASES INSURANCE COVERAGE INSURANCE SCHEMES INSURERS INTERFERON INTERMEDIARIES INTERVENTION IRRATIONAL USE LACK OF INFORMATION LARGE NUMBERS OF PEOPLE LARGE POPULATIONS LIVING STANDARDS MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS MARKETING MEDICAL CARE MEDICAL CONDITIONS MEDICAL EDUCATION MEDICAL INSURANCE MEDICAL SERVICES MEDICAL STAFF MEDICAL SYSTEMS MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES MEDICATION MEDICINE MEDICINES MIGRANT MINISTRY OF HEALTH MORTALITY NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT NATIONAL DRUG NATIONAL HEALTH SYSTEM NATIONAL LEVEL NATIONAL LEVELS NDP NURSES NUTRITION PACKAGING PATIENT PATIENT EDUCATION PATIENTS PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS PHARMACEUTICAL PHARMACEUTICAL DISTRIBUTION PHARMACEUTICAL EXPENDITURE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY PHARMACEUTICAL MANUFACTURERS PHARMACEUTICAL POLICY PHARMACEUTICAL PRICES PHARMACEUTICAL REFORM PHARMACEUTICAL SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL SUPPLIERS PHARMACEUTICAL SUPPLY PHARMACEUTICALS PHARMACISTS PHARMACY PHYSICIAN PHYSICIANS POOLED PROCUREMENT POOR FAMILIES PRESCRIPTIONS PRIMARY CARE PRIVATE HEALTH INSURANCE PROGRESS PROVIDER PAYMENT PUBLIC EDUCATION PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC HEALTH INSURANCE PUBLIC HOSPITALS PURCHASING PURCHASING POWER QUALITY ASSURANCE QUALITY OF CARE QUALITY OF SERVICES RATES OF GROWTH RATIONAL DRUG USE RATIONAL USE OF DRUGS REFORM EFFORT REGULATORY AUTHORITIES REMEDIES RESPECT RETAIL PHARMACIES RURAL AREAS RURAL POPULATION RURAL RESIDENTS SERVICE CONTRACTS SERVICE PROVIDER SERVICE PROVIDERS SOCIAL HEALTH INSURANCE SOCIAL SECURITY SOCIAL WELFARE STATE PLANNING THERAPIES TRADITIONAL MEDICINES TREATMENT GUIDELINES TREATMENTS URBAN AREAS URBAN ENVIRONMENTS URBAN POPULATIONS USER FEES WASTE WORKERS WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION |
| spellingShingle |
ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE ACCESS TO INFORMATION ACTIVE INGREDIENTS AGING ANTIBIOTICS BENCHMARKS BIDDING BIOEQUIVALENCE CANCER CAPACITY BUILDING CAPITATION CAPITATION BASIS CENTER FOR HEALTH CERTIFICATION CHRONIC CONDITIONS CHRONIC DISEASES CITIZEN CITIZENS CLINICAL GUIDELINES CLINICAL PRACTICE COMMUNITY HEALTH CONSUMER EDUCATION COOPERATIVE MEDICAL INSURANCE DECISION MAKING DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DIABETES DIAGNOSIS DIFFERENTIAL PRICING DISSEMINATION DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS DOCTORS DOSAGES DRUG ADMINISTRATION DRUG INDUSTRY DRUG LIST DRUG MARKETS DRUG POLICIES DRUG PRICES DRUG UTILIZATION DRUGS ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS ECONOMIC PROGRESS EQUAL ACCESS EQUITABLE ACCESS ESSENTIAL DRUGS ESSENTIAL MEDICINES FAMILIES FEES FOR SERVICES FINANCIAL COMMITMENT FORECASTS FRAUD GENERIC DRUGS GMP GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICES GOVERNMENT AGENCIES GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT HEALTH AUTHORITIES HEALTH CARE HEALTH CARE COVERAGE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM HEALTH CENTERS HEALTH COVERAGE HEALTH ECONOMICS HEALTH EXPENDITURE HEALTH EXPENDITURES HEALTH FACILITIES HEALTH IMPACT HEALTH INSTITUTIONS HEALTH INSURANCE HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS HEALTH OUTCOMES HEALTH POLICY HEALTH PROFESSIONALS HEALTH PROVIDERS HEALTH REFORM HEALTH REFORMS HEALTH RISKS HEALTH SECTOR HEALTH SECTOR REFORM HEALTH SERVICE HEALTH SERVICES HEALTH STATUS HEALTH STRATEGIES HEALTH SYSTEM HEALTHCARE HEPATITIS B HIV/AIDS HOSPITAL HOSPITAL PHARMACIES HOSPITALS HUMAN RESOURCES HYPERTENSION ILLNESSES INCOME INFECTIOUS DISEASES INSURANCE COVERAGE INSURANCE SCHEMES INSURERS INTERFERON INTERMEDIARIES INTERVENTION IRRATIONAL USE LACK OF INFORMATION LARGE NUMBERS OF PEOPLE LARGE POPULATIONS LIVING STANDARDS MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS MARKETING MEDICAL CARE MEDICAL CONDITIONS MEDICAL EDUCATION MEDICAL INSURANCE MEDICAL SERVICES MEDICAL STAFF MEDICAL SYSTEMS MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES MEDICATION MEDICINE MEDICINES MIGRANT MINISTRY OF HEALTH MORTALITY NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT NATIONAL DRUG NATIONAL HEALTH SYSTEM NATIONAL LEVEL NATIONAL LEVELS NDP NURSES NUTRITION PACKAGING PATIENT PATIENT EDUCATION PATIENTS PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS PHARMACEUTICAL PHARMACEUTICAL DISTRIBUTION PHARMACEUTICAL EXPENDITURE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY PHARMACEUTICAL MANUFACTURERS PHARMACEUTICAL POLICY PHARMACEUTICAL PRICES PHARMACEUTICAL REFORM PHARMACEUTICAL SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL SUPPLIERS PHARMACEUTICAL SUPPLY PHARMACEUTICALS PHARMACISTS PHARMACY PHYSICIAN PHYSICIANS POOLED PROCUREMENT POOR FAMILIES PRESCRIPTIONS PRIMARY CARE PRIVATE HEALTH INSURANCE PROGRESS PROVIDER PAYMENT PUBLIC EDUCATION PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC HEALTH INSURANCE PUBLIC HOSPITALS PURCHASING PURCHASING POWER QUALITY ASSURANCE QUALITY OF CARE QUALITY OF SERVICES RATES OF GROWTH RATIONAL DRUG USE RATIONAL USE OF DRUGS REFORM EFFORT REGULATORY AUTHORITIES REMEDIES RESPECT RETAIL PHARMACIES RURAL AREAS RURAL POPULATION RURAL RESIDENTS SERVICE CONTRACTS SERVICE PROVIDER SERVICE PROVIDERS SOCIAL HEALTH INSURANCE SOCIAL SECURITY SOCIAL WELFARE STATE PLANNING THERAPIES TRADITIONAL MEDICINES TREATMENT GUIDELINES TREATMENTS URBAN AREAS URBAN ENVIRONMENTS URBAN POPULATIONS USER FEES WASTE WORKERS WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION World Bank A Generic Drug Policy as Cornerstone to Essential Medicines in China |
| geographic_facet |
East Asia and Pacific China |
| relation |
China Health Policy Notes;No. 4 |
| description |
Compared with developed economies,
health expenditure in China is not particularly high on a
per capita basis or as a share of Gross Domestic Product
(GDP). Similarly, pharmaceutical expenditure in comparative
perspective is not particularly high on a per capita basis
or as a percentage of GDP. China's exceptionally high
rate of pharmaceutical expenditure has important
implications for the future of a health care system that not
only serves a rapidly aging population, but encourages
overuse of drugs in ways that are both financially and
medically inefficient. Pharmaceutical reform is therefore a
high priority for China's health policymakers. Several
factors are discussed for reforming this system based on
lessons from recent reforms. The section following this
introduction briefly reviews the expansion of basic medical
insurance coverage in the 2000s and several structural
features of the pharmaceutical sector in China. The related
concepts of an essential medicines policy, an essential drug
list, and a generic drug policy are briefly described in
first section. The second section of the paper looks at
several hurdles that are built into the path of essential
medicines reform. The third section considers some lessons
for pharmaceutical reform based on China's recent
learning from regional experimentation and piloting
initiatives. The fourth section considers several relevant
lessons derived from reform experiences in other countries.
The fifth section looks at the path forward-success factors
for implementing an essential medicines program based on
low-cost generic drugs. |
| format |
Policy Note |
| author |
World Bank |
| author_facet |
World Bank |
| author_sort |
World Bank |
| title |
A Generic Drug Policy as Cornerstone to Essential Medicines in China |
| title_short |
A Generic Drug Policy as Cornerstone to Essential Medicines in China |
| title_full |
A Generic Drug Policy as Cornerstone to Essential Medicines in China |
| title_fullStr |
A Generic Drug Policy as Cornerstone to Essential Medicines in China |
| title_full_unstemmed |
A Generic Drug Policy as Cornerstone to Essential Medicines in China |
| title_sort |
generic drug policy as cornerstone to essential medicines in china |
| publisher |
Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2017 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/922831468215970921/Main-report http://hdl.handle.net/10986/27722 |
| _version_ |
1764464999137280000 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-277222021-04-23T14:04:43Z A Generic Drug Policy as Cornerstone to Essential Medicines in China World Bank ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE ACCESS TO INFORMATION ACTIVE INGREDIENTS AGING ANTIBIOTICS BENCHMARKS BIDDING BIOEQUIVALENCE CANCER CAPACITY BUILDING CAPITATION CAPITATION BASIS CENTER FOR HEALTH CERTIFICATION CHRONIC CONDITIONS CHRONIC DISEASES CITIZEN CITIZENS CLINICAL GUIDELINES CLINICAL PRACTICE COMMUNITY HEALTH CONSUMER EDUCATION COOPERATIVE MEDICAL INSURANCE DECISION MAKING DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DIABETES DIAGNOSIS DIFFERENTIAL PRICING DISSEMINATION DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS DOCTORS DOSAGES DRUG ADMINISTRATION DRUG INDUSTRY DRUG LIST DRUG MARKETS DRUG POLICIES DRUG PRICES DRUG UTILIZATION DRUGS ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS ECONOMIC PROGRESS EQUAL ACCESS EQUITABLE ACCESS ESSENTIAL DRUGS ESSENTIAL MEDICINES FAMILIES FEES FOR SERVICES FINANCIAL COMMITMENT FORECASTS FRAUD GENERIC DRUGS GMP GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICES GOVERNMENT AGENCIES GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT HEALTH AUTHORITIES HEALTH CARE HEALTH CARE COVERAGE HEALTH CARE SYSTEM HEALTH CENTERS HEALTH COVERAGE HEALTH ECONOMICS HEALTH EXPENDITURE HEALTH EXPENDITURES HEALTH FACILITIES HEALTH IMPACT HEALTH INSTITUTIONS HEALTH INSURANCE HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS HEALTH OUTCOMES HEALTH POLICY HEALTH PROFESSIONALS HEALTH PROVIDERS HEALTH REFORM HEALTH REFORMS HEALTH RISKS HEALTH SECTOR HEALTH SECTOR REFORM HEALTH SERVICE HEALTH SERVICES HEALTH STATUS HEALTH STRATEGIES HEALTH SYSTEM HEALTHCARE HEPATITIS B HIV/AIDS HOSPITAL HOSPITAL PHARMACIES HOSPITALS HUMAN RESOURCES HYPERTENSION ILLNESSES INCOME INFECTIOUS DISEASES INSURANCE COVERAGE INSURANCE SCHEMES INSURERS INTERFERON INTERMEDIARIES INTERVENTION IRRATIONAL USE LACK OF INFORMATION LARGE NUMBERS OF PEOPLE LARGE POPULATIONS LIVING STANDARDS MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS MARKETING MEDICAL CARE MEDICAL CONDITIONS MEDICAL EDUCATION MEDICAL INSURANCE MEDICAL SERVICES MEDICAL STAFF MEDICAL SYSTEMS MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES MEDICATION MEDICINE MEDICINES MIGRANT MINISTRY OF HEALTH MORTALITY NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT NATIONAL DRUG NATIONAL HEALTH SYSTEM NATIONAL LEVEL NATIONAL LEVELS NDP NURSES NUTRITION PACKAGING PATIENT PATIENT EDUCATION PATIENTS PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS PHARMACEUTICAL PHARMACEUTICAL DISTRIBUTION PHARMACEUTICAL EXPENDITURE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY PHARMACEUTICAL MANUFACTURERS PHARMACEUTICAL POLICY PHARMACEUTICAL PRICES PHARMACEUTICAL REFORM PHARMACEUTICAL SECTOR PHARMACEUTICAL SUPPLIERS PHARMACEUTICAL SUPPLY PHARMACEUTICALS PHARMACISTS PHARMACY PHYSICIAN PHYSICIANS POOLED PROCUREMENT POOR FAMILIES PRESCRIPTIONS PRIMARY CARE PRIVATE HEALTH INSURANCE PROGRESS PROVIDER PAYMENT PUBLIC EDUCATION PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC HEALTH INSURANCE PUBLIC HOSPITALS PURCHASING PURCHASING POWER QUALITY ASSURANCE QUALITY OF CARE QUALITY OF SERVICES RATES OF GROWTH RATIONAL DRUG USE RATIONAL USE OF DRUGS REFORM EFFORT REGULATORY AUTHORITIES REMEDIES RESPECT RETAIL PHARMACIES RURAL AREAS RURAL POPULATION RURAL RESIDENTS SERVICE CONTRACTS SERVICE PROVIDER SERVICE PROVIDERS SOCIAL HEALTH INSURANCE SOCIAL SECURITY SOCIAL WELFARE STATE PLANNING THERAPIES TRADITIONAL MEDICINES TREATMENT GUIDELINES TREATMENTS URBAN AREAS URBAN ENVIRONMENTS URBAN POPULATIONS USER FEES WASTE WORKERS WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION Compared with developed economies, health expenditure in China is not particularly high on a per capita basis or as a share of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Similarly, pharmaceutical expenditure in comparative perspective is not particularly high on a per capita basis or as a percentage of GDP. China's exceptionally high rate of pharmaceutical expenditure has important implications for the future of a health care system that not only serves a rapidly aging population, but encourages overuse of drugs in ways that are both financially and medically inefficient. Pharmaceutical reform is therefore a high priority for China's health policymakers. Several factors are discussed for reforming this system based on lessons from recent reforms. The section following this introduction briefly reviews the expansion of basic medical insurance coverage in the 2000s and several structural features of the pharmaceutical sector in China. The related concepts of an essential medicines policy, an essential drug list, and a generic drug policy are briefly described in first section. The second section of the paper looks at several hurdles that are built into the path of essential medicines reform. The third section considers some lessons for pharmaceutical reform based on China's recent learning from regional experimentation and piloting initiatives. The fourth section considers several relevant lessons derived from reform experiences in other countries. The fifth section looks at the path forward-success factors for implementing an essential medicines program based on low-cost generic drugs. 2017-08-10T20:30:32Z 2017-08-10T20:30:32Z 2010-06 Policy Note http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/922831468215970921/Main-report http://hdl.handle.net/10986/27722 English en_US China Health Policy Notes;No. 4 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo World Bank Washington, DC Economic & Sector Work :: Policy Note Economic & Sector Work East Asia and Pacific China |