Freight Transport for Development Toolkit : Ports and Waterborne Freight
The estimate of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development is that more than 80 percent or close to 8 million tons in 2007, of world freight is transported by sea. Most, if not all, freight transport moves from the producer to the consu...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Working Paper |
| Language: | English en_US |
| Published: |
World Bank, Washington, DC
2017
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/874431468331826338/Freight-transport-for-development-toolkit-ports-and-waterborne-freight http://hdl.handle.net/10986/27813 |
| Summary: | The estimate of the United Nations
Conference on Trade and Development is that more than 80
percent or close to 8 million tons in 2007, of world freight
is transported by sea. Most, if not all, freight transport
moves from the producer to the consumer through logistic
processes thereby passing a number of nodal points. As for
waterborne transport, sea and river ports and terminals form
these nodal points where freight is transferred from one
mode to another. Chapter one provides data on world maritime
transport and explains the different types of cargo that
pass which are carried by the world merchant fleet and the
cargoes they carry. It also is explained that the former
general cargo type of vessels have evolved into vessel
designs that have specifically been designed for different
types of cargoes. Chapter two provides an extensive overview
of the development of the container in terms of what
containers are, how dedicated container vessels have
developed as well as the impact of containers on logistic
processes, including hinterland connections. Chapter three
provides an overview of the world port in terms of numbers
and classifies the largest ports in the world in terms of
total cargoes, containers and dry bulk. Chapter four
presents an overview of the indicators used in ports.
Chapter five describes how ports around the world are owned
and managed. First the major characteristics and functions
of ports are described and possible ownership structures are
explained. The chapter six not only describes the aspect of
emissions, but also describes other forms of pollution
sources of the sector, as these are noise, light, dust and
soil and water pollution. As is explained in chapter seven,
port work has gradually changed from pure physical work to
processing control using dedicated and complicated equipment
and automated systems. Similarly, the work of seafarers has
changed. Chapter eight provides tools as to how cities can
cope with this issue; in particular how former port areas
can be and have been re-integrated in the city. Chapter nine
presents a number of examples comparing rates that were
charged in 2008 with those in the same period in 2009.
Finally, chapter ten provides a comparison between the World
Bank's transport business strategy paper 2008-2012 and
the issues presented in this overview of ports and
waterborne transport. |
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