Bridging the Gap : Improving Capabilities and Expanding Opportunities for Women in the Middle East and North Africa Region

This brief summarizes some of the significant constraints women in Middle East and North Africa (MENA) face: limited labor market mobility, a mismatch between skills acquired in school and what is in demand in the labor market, and legal or institu...

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Main Author:	World Bank
Format:	Working Paper
Language:	English en_US
Published:	Washington, DC 2017
Subjects:	ACCEPTABLE COLLATERAL ACCESS TO FINANCE ACCESS TO RESOURCES ADOLESCENT GIRLS AGRICULTURAL SECTOR ATTENDANCE OF GIRLS BARRIER TO WOMEN BARRIERS TO EMPLOYMENT BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE BIODIVERSITY BLOCK GRANTS BORROWING BUSINESS ACTIVITIES BUSINESS LOAN BUSINESS LOAN APPLICATION BUSINESS PLAN BUSINESS PLANS CAPACITY BUILDING CHILD CARE CHILD CARE SUBSIDIES CHILD CARE SUBSIDY CHILD HEALTH CHILD-CARE CHILDBEARING CHILDBIRTH CITIZENS CIVIC PARTICIPATION COLLATERAL COLLATERAL REQUIREMENTS COMMUNITY COLLEGE COMMUNITY COLLEGES COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT CREDIT LINE CREDIT PRODUCT CULTURAL NORMS DAYCARE DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT OF WOMEN DISADVANTAGED WOMEN DISSEMINATION DROPOUT EARLY MARRIAGE EARNINGS ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY EDUCATED WOMEN EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT EDUCATION OF GIRLS EDUCATION SYSTEMS EDUCATIONAL CHOICES EMPLOYEE EMPLOYER EMPLOYERS EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EMPOWERMENT ENHANCING WOMEN ENROLLMENT ENTERPRISE GROWTH ENTREPRENEURIAL OPPORTUNITIES ENTREPRENEURIAL TRAINING ENTREPRENEURSHIP OPPORTUNITIES FAMILIES FAMILY RESPONSIBILITIES FARMERS FEMALE EDUCATION FEMALE EMPLOYEES FEMALE EMPLOYMENT FEMALE ENTREPRENEURS FEMALE ENTREPRENEURSHIP FEMALE LABOR FEMALE LABOR FORCE FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION FEMALE LIFE EXPECTANCY FEMALE LITERACY FEMALE PARTICIPANTS FEMALE POPULATION FEMALE TEACHERS FERTILITY FERTILITY RATES FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARY FINANCIAL SUPPORT FORMAL BANKS FORMAL EDUCATION GENDER GENDER ACTION GENDER DIFFERENCES GENDER DISPARITIES GENDER EQUALITY GENDER EQUITY GENDER FOCUS GENDER GAP GENDER GAP IN EDUCATION GENDER GAPS GENDER ISSUES GENDER PARITY GENDER WAGE GAPS GIRLS IN SCHOOL GOVERNMENT AGENCIES GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT HANDICRAFT HANDICRAFTS HOUSEHOLD CHORES HOUSEHOLD DUTIES HOUSEHOLDS HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUSBANDS INCLUSION OF WOMEN INCOME TAX INCOME TAX CREDIT INFORMAL NETWORKS INFORMAL SECTOR INFORMAL WORKERS INFORMATION ASYMMETRIES INTERNATIONAL BANK JOB OPPORTUNITIES KEY CHALLENGES KNOWLEDGE BASE LABOR CODE LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LABOR SUPPLY LACK OF ACCESS LACK OF RESPECT LEGAL STATUS LEVEL OF EDUCATION LEVELS OF EDUCATION LIFE EXPECTANCY LITERATE FEMALES LIVE BIRTHS LIVING STANDARDS LOAN PRODUCTS MALARIA MANDATES MARITAL STATUS MATERNAL HEALTH MATERNAL MORTALITY MATERNAL MORTALITY RATE MATERNITY BENEFITS MATERNITY LEAVE MICROFINANCE MICROFINANCE LENDING MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL MOTHER NATURAL RESOURCES OPPORTUNITIES FOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP OPPORTUNITIES FOR SELF-EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN OUTREACH PILOT PROJECTS POLICY DIALOGUE POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY LEVER PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOLING PRODUCTIVITY PROGRESS PUBLIC FUNDS PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC SERVICE PUBLIC SERVICES QUALITY OF EDUCATION RATE OF GROWTH RURAL AREAS RURAL GROWTH RURAL WOMEN SALARY COST SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SCHOOL ENROLMENT SCHOOL FACILITIES SCHOOL HOURS SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY SCHOOL SEXUAL HARASSMENT SIGNIFICANT POLICY SMALL ENTERPRISE SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT SOCIAL FUND SOCIAL NORMS SOCIAL SECURITY SOCIAL SERVICES SPATIAL MOBILITY STATUS OF WOMEN TAX INCENTIVES TECHNICAL SUPPORT TERTIARY EDUCATION TRANSPORTATION UNEMPLOYED WOMEN UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATES URBAN AREAS URBAN DEVELOPMENT URBAN POVERTY URBAN WOMEN VILLAGE VILLAGES VOCATIONAL TRAINING VOUCHER VOUCHERS WOMAN WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS WORKFORCE WORKING CONDITIONS WORKING WOMEN WORLD CONFERENCE WORLD CONFERENCE ON WOMEN YOUNG MEN YOUNG MOTHERS YOUNG PEOPLE YOUNG WOMEN
Online Access:	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/772771468278943016/Bridging-the-gap-improving-capabilities-and-expanding-opportunities-for-women-in-the-Middle-East-and-North-Africa-region http://hdl.handle.net/10986/27834

id	okr-10986-27834
recordtype	oai_dc
repository_type	Digital Repository
institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English en_US
topic	ACCEPTABLE COLLATERAL ACCESS TO FINANCE ACCESS TO RESOURCES ADOLESCENT GIRLS AGRICULTURAL SECTOR ATTENDANCE OF GIRLS BARRIER TO WOMEN BARRIERS TO EMPLOYMENT BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE BIODIVERSITY BLOCK GRANTS BORROWING BUSINESS ACTIVITIES BUSINESS LOAN BUSINESS LOAN APPLICATION BUSINESS PLAN BUSINESS PLANS CAPACITY BUILDING CHILD CARE CHILD CARE SUBSIDIES CHILD CARE SUBSIDY CHILD HEALTH CHILD-CARE CHILDBEARING CHILDBIRTH CITIZENS CIVIC PARTICIPATION COLLATERAL COLLATERAL REQUIREMENTS COMMUNITY COLLEGE COMMUNITY COLLEGES COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT CREDIT LINE CREDIT PRODUCT CULTURAL NORMS DAYCARE DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT OF WOMEN DISADVANTAGED WOMEN DISSEMINATION DROPOUT EARLY MARRIAGE EARNINGS ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY EDUCATED WOMEN EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT EDUCATION OF GIRLS EDUCATION SYSTEMS EDUCATIONAL CHOICES EMPLOYEE EMPLOYER EMPLOYERS EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EMPOWERMENT ENHANCING WOMEN ENROLLMENT ENTERPRISE GROWTH ENTREPRENEURIAL OPPORTUNITIES ENTREPRENEURIAL TRAINING ENTREPRENEURSHIP OPPORTUNITIES FAMILIES FAMILY RESPONSIBILITIES FARMERS FEMALE EDUCATION FEMALE EMPLOYEES FEMALE EMPLOYMENT FEMALE ENTREPRENEURS FEMALE ENTREPRENEURSHIP FEMALE LABOR FEMALE LABOR FORCE FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION FEMALE LIFE EXPECTANCY FEMALE LITERACY FEMALE PARTICIPANTS FEMALE POPULATION FEMALE TEACHERS FERTILITY FERTILITY RATES FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARY FINANCIAL SUPPORT FORMAL BANKS FORMAL EDUCATION GENDER GENDER ACTION GENDER DIFFERENCES GENDER DISPARITIES GENDER EQUALITY GENDER EQUITY GENDER FOCUS GENDER GAP GENDER GAP IN EDUCATION GENDER GAPS GENDER ISSUES GENDER PARITY GENDER WAGE GAPS GIRLS IN SCHOOL GOVERNMENT AGENCIES GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT HANDICRAFT HANDICRAFTS HOUSEHOLD CHORES HOUSEHOLD DUTIES HOUSEHOLDS HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUSBANDS INCLUSION OF WOMEN INCOME TAX INCOME TAX CREDIT INFORMAL NETWORKS INFORMAL SECTOR INFORMAL WORKERS INFORMATION ASYMMETRIES INTERNATIONAL BANK JOB OPPORTUNITIES KEY CHALLENGES KNOWLEDGE BASE LABOR CODE LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LABOR SUPPLY LACK OF ACCESS LACK OF RESPECT LEGAL STATUS LEVEL OF EDUCATION LEVELS OF EDUCATION LIFE EXPECTANCY LITERATE FEMALES LIVE BIRTHS LIVING STANDARDS LOAN PRODUCTS MALARIA MANDATES MARITAL STATUS MATERNAL HEALTH MATERNAL MORTALITY MATERNAL MORTALITY RATE MATERNITY BENEFITS MATERNITY LEAVE MICROFINANCE MICROFINANCE LENDING MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL MOTHER NATURAL RESOURCES OPPORTUNITIES FOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP OPPORTUNITIES FOR SELF-EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN OUTREACH PILOT PROJECTS POLICY DIALOGUE POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY LEVER PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOLING PRODUCTIVITY PROGRESS PUBLIC FUNDS PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC SERVICE PUBLIC SERVICES QUALITY OF EDUCATION RATE OF GROWTH RURAL AREAS RURAL GROWTH RURAL WOMEN SALARY COST SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SCHOOL ENROLMENT SCHOOL FACILITIES SCHOOL HOURS SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY SCHOOL SEXUAL HARASSMENT SIGNIFICANT POLICY SMALL ENTERPRISE SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT SOCIAL FUND SOCIAL NORMS SOCIAL SECURITY SOCIAL SERVICES SPATIAL MOBILITY STATUS OF WOMEN TAX INCENTIVES TECHNICAL SUPPORT TERTIARY EDUCATION TRANSPORTATION UNEMPLOYED WOMEN UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATES URBAN AREAS URBAN DEVELOPMENT URBAN POVERTY URBAN WOMEN VILLAGE VILLAGES VOCATIONAL TRAINING VOUCHER VOUCHERS WOMAN WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS WORKFORCE WORKING CONDITIONS WORKING WOMEN WORLD CONFERENCE WORLD CONFERENCE ON WOMEN YOUNG MEN YOUNG MOTHERS YOUNG PEOPLE YOUNG WOMEN
spellingShingle	ACCEPTABLE COLLATERAL ACCESS TO FINANCE ACCESS TO RESOURCES ADOLESCENT GIRLS AGRICULTURAL SECTOR ATTENDANCE OF GIRLS BARRIER TO WOMEN BARRIERS TO EMPLOYMENT BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE BIODIVERSITY BLOCK GRANTS BORROWING BUSINESS ACTIVITIES BUSINESS LOAN BUSINESS LOAN APPLICATION BUSINESS PLAN BUSINESS PLANS CAPACITY BUILDING CHILD CARE CHILD CARE SUBSIDIES CHILD CARE SUBSIDY CHILD HEALTH CHILD-CARE CHILDBEARING CHILDBIRTH CITIZENS CIVIC PARTICIPATION COLLATERAL COLLATERAL REQUIREMENTS COMMUNITY COLLEGE COMMUNITY COLLEGES COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT CREDIT LINE CREDIT PRODUCT CULTURAL NORMS DAYCARE DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT OF WOMEN DISADVANTAGED WOMEN DISSEMINATION DROPOUT EARLY MARRIAGE EARNINGS ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY EDUCATED WOMEN EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT EDUCATION OF GIRLS EDUCATION SYSTEMS EDUCATIONAL CHOICES EMPLOYEE EMPLOYER EMPLOYERS EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EMPOWERMENT ENHANCING WOMEN ENROLLMENT ENTERPRISE GROWTH ENTREPRENEURIAL OPPORTUNITIES ENTREPRENEURIAL TRAINING ENTREPRENEURSHIP OPPORTUNITIES FAMILIES FAMILY RESPONSIBILITIES FARMERS FEMALE EDUCATION FEMALE EMPLOYEES FEMALE EMPLOYMENT FEMALE ENTREPRENEURS FEMALE ENTREPRENEURSHIP FEMALE LABOR FEMALE LABOR FORCE FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION FEMALE LIFE EXPECTANCY FEMALE LITERACY FEMALE PARTICIPANTS FEMALE POPULATION FEMALE TEACHERS FERTILITY FERTILITY RATES FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARY FINANCIAL SUPPORT FORMAL BANKS FORMAL EDUCATION GENDER GENDER ACTION GENDER DIFFERENCES GENDER DISPARITIES GENDER EQUALITY GENDER EQUITY GENDER FOCUS GENDER GAP GENDER GAP IN EDUCATION GENDER GAPS GENDER ISSUES GENDER PARITY GENDER WAGE GAPS GIRLS IN SCHOOL GOVERNMENT AGENCIES GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT HANDICRAFT HANDICRAFTS HOUSEHOLD CHORES HOUSEHOLD DUTIES HOUSEHOLDS HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUSBANDS INCLUSION OF WOMEN INCOME TAX INCOME TAX CREDIT INFORMAL NETWORKS INFORMAL SECTOR INFORMAL WORKERS INFORMATION ASYMMETRIES INTERNATIONAL BANK JOB OPPORTUNITIES KEY CHALLENGES KNOWLEDGE BASE LABOR CODE LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LABOR SUPPLY LACK OF ACCESS LACK OF RESPECT LEGAL STATUS LEVEL OF EDUCATION LEVELS OF EDUCATION LIFE EXPECTANCY LITERATE FEMALES LIVE BIRTHS LIVING STANDARDS LOAN PRODUCTS MALARIA MANDATES MARITAL STATUS MATERNAL HEALTH MATERNAL MORTALITY MATERNAL MORTALITY RATE MATERNITY BENEFITS MATERNITY LEAVE MICROFINANCE MICROFINANCE LENDING MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL MOTHER NATURAL RESOURCES OPPORTUNITIES FOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP OPPORTUNITIES FOR SELF-EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN OUTREACH PILOT PROJECTS POLICY DIALOGUE POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY LEVER PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOLING PRODUCTIVITY PROGRESS PUBLIC FUNDS PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC SERVICE PUBLIC SERVICES QUALITY OF EDUCATION RATE OF GROWTH RURAL AREAS RURAL GROWTH RURAL WOMEN SALARY COST SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SCHOOL ENROLMENT SCHOOL FACILITIES SCHOOL HOURS SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY SCHOOL SEXUAL HARASSMENT SIGNIFICANT POLICY SMALL ENTERPRISE SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT SOCIAL FUND SOCIAL NORMS SOCIAL SECURITY SOCIAL SERVICES SPATIAL MOBILITY STATUS OF WOMEN TAX INCENTIVES TECHNICAL SUPPORT TERTIARY EDUCATION TRANSPORTATION UNEMPLOYED WOMEN UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATES URBAN AREAS URBAN DEVELOPMENT URBAN POVERTY URBAN WOMEN VILLAGE VILLAGES VOCATIONAL TRAINING VOUCHER VOUCHERS WOMAN WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS WORKFORCE WORKING CONDITIONS WORKING WOMEN WORLD CONFERENCE WORLD CONFERENCE ON WOMEN YOUNG MEN YOUNG MOTHERS YOUNG PEOPLE YOUNG WOMEN World Bank Bridging the Gap : Improving Capabilities and Expanding Opportunities for Women in the Middle East and North Africa Region
geographic_facet	Middle East and North Africa Middle East North Africa
description	This brief summarizes some of the significant constraints women in Middle East and North Africa (MENA) face: limited labor market mobility, a mismatch between skills acquired in school and what is in demand in the labor market, and legal or institutional factors related to cultural norms, all of which inhibit the transition from school to work. The brief identifies various policy options and outlines the World Bank's strategy for supporting governments in achieving gender parity in the region. Rigorous analytical work, experimental policy pilots and lending operations with a strong gender focus all form part of the Bank's strategy towards reducing gender gaps in economic opportunities.
format	Working Paper
author	World Bank
author_facet	World Bank
author_sort	World Bank
title	Bridging the Gap : Improving Capabilities and Expanding Opportunities for Women in the Middle East and North Africa Region
title_short	Bridging the Gap : Improving Capabilities and Expanding Opportunities for Women in the Middle East and North Africa Region
title_full	Bridging the Gap : Improving Capabilities and Expanding Opportunities for Women in the Middle East and North Africa Region
title_fullStr	Bridging the Gap : Improving Capabilities and Expanding Opportunities for Women in the Middle East and North Africa Region
title_full_unstemmed	Bridging the Gap : Improving Capabilities and Expanding Opportunities for Women in the Middle East and North Africa Region
title_sort	bridging the gap : improving capabilities and expanding opportunities for women in the middle east and north africa region
publisher	Washington, DC
publishDate	2017
url	http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/772771468278943016/Bridging-the-gap-improving-capabilities-and-expanding-opportunities-for-women-in-the-Middle-East-and-North-Africa-region http://hdl.handle.net/10986/27834
_version_	1764465185712504832
spelling	okr-10986-278342021-04-23T14:04:44Z Bridging the Gap : Improving Capabilities and Expanding Opportunities for Women in the Middle East and North Africa Region World Bank ACCEPTABLE COLLATERAL ACCESS TO FINANCE ACCESS TO RESOURCES ADOLESCENT GIRLS AGRICULTURAL SECTOR ATTENDANCE OF GIRLS BARRIER TO WOMEN BARRIERS TO EMPLOYMENT BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE BIODIVERSITY BLOCK GRANTS BORROWING BUSINESS ACTIVITIES BUSINESS LOAN BUSINESS LOAN APPLICATION BUSINESS PLAN BUSINESS PLANS CAPACITY BUILDING CHILD CARE CHILD CARE SUBSIDIES CHILD CARE SUBSIDY CHILD HEALTH CHILD-CARE CHILDBEARING CHILDBIRTH CITIZENS CIVIC PARTICIPATION COLLATERAL COLLATERAL REQUIREMENTS COMMUNITY COLLEGE COMMUNITY COLLEGES COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT CREDIT LINE CREDIT PRODUCT CULTURAL NORMS DAYCARE DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DEVELOPMENT OF WOMEN DISADVANTAGED WOMEN DISSEMINATION DROPOUT EARLY MARRIAGE EARNINGS ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY EDUCATED WOMEN EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT EDUCATION OF GIRLS EDUCATION SYSTEMS EDUCATIONAL CHOICES EMPLOYEE EMPLOYER EMPLOYERS EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EMPOWERMENT ENHANCING WOMEN ENROLLMENT ENTERPRISE GROWTH ENTREPRENEURIAL OPPORTUNITIES ENTREPRENEURIAL TRAINING ENTREPRENEURSHIP OPPORTUNITIES FAMILIES FAMILY RESPONSIBILITIES FARMERS FEMALE EDUCATION FEMALE EMPLOYEES FEMALE EMPLOYMENT FEMALE ENTREPRENEURS FEMALE ENTREPRENEURSHIP FEMALE LABOR FEMALE LABOR FORCE FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION FEMALE LIFE EXPECTANCY FEMALE LITERACY FEMALE PARTICIPANTS FEMALE POPULATION FEMALE TEACHERS FERTILITY FERTILITY RATES FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARY FINANCIAL SUPPORT FORMAL BANKS FORMAL EDUCATION GENDER GENDER ACTION GENDER DIFFERENCES GENDER DISPARITIES GENDER EQUALITY GENDER EQUITY GENDER FOCUS GENDER GAP GENDER GAP IN EDUCATION GENDER GAPS GENDER ISSUES GENDER PARITY GENDER WAGE GAPS GIRLS IN SCHOOL GOVERNMENT AGENCIES GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT HANDICRAFT HANDICRAFTS HOUSEHOLD CHORES HOUSEHOLD DUTIES HOUSEHOLDS HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT HUSBANDS INCLUSION OF WOMEN INCOME TAX INCOME TAX CREDIT INFORMAL NETWORKS INFORMAL SECTOR INFORMAL WORKERS INFORMATION ASYMMETRIES INTERNATIONAL BANK JOB OPPORTUNITIES KEY CHALLENGES KNOWLEDGE BASE LABOR CODE LABOR FORCE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKETS LABOR SUPPLY LACK OF ACCESS LACK OF RESPECT LEGAL STATUS LEVEL OF EDUCATION LEVELS OF EDUCATION LIFE EXPECTANCY LITERATE FEMALES LIVE BIRTHS LIVING STANDARDS LOAN PRODUCTS MALARIA MANDATES MARITAL STATUS MATERNAL HEALTH MATERNAL MORTALITY MATERNAL MORTALITY RATE MATERNITY BENEFITS MATERNITY LEAVE MICROFINANCE MICROFINANCE LENDING MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL MOTHER NATURAL RESOURCES OPPORTUNITIES FOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP OPPORTUNITIES FOR SELF-EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN OUTREACH PILOT PROJECTS POLICY DIALOGUE POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY LEVER PRIMARY SCHOOL PRIMARY SCHOOLING PRODUCTIVITY PROGRESS PUBLIC FUNDS PUBLIC HEALTH PUBLIC SERVICE PUBLIC SERVICES QUALITY OF EDUCATION RATE OF GROWTH RURAL AREAS RURAL GROWTH RURAL WOMEN SALARY COST SCHOOL ATTENDANCE SCHOOL ENROLMENT SCHOOL FACILITIES SCHOOL HOURS SECONDARY EDUCATION SECONDARY SCHOOL SEXUAL HARASSMENT SIGNIFICANT POLICY SMALL ENTERPRISE SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT SOCIAL FUND SOCIAL NORMS SOCIAL SECURITY SOCIAL SERVICES SPATIAL MOBILITY STATUS OF WOMEN TAX INCENTIVES TECHNICAL SUPPORT TERTIARY EDUCATION TRANSPORTATION UNEMPLOYED WOMEN UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT RATES URBAN AREAS URBAN DEVELOPMENT URBAN POVERTY URBAN WOMEN VILLAGE VILLAGES VOCATIONAL TRAINING VOUCHER VOUCHERS WOMAN WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS WORKFORCE WORKING CONDITIONS WORKING WOMEN WORLD CONFERENCE WORLD CONFERENCE ON WOMEN YOUNG MEN YOUNG MOTHERS YOUNG PEOPLE YOUNG WOMEN This brief summarizes some of the significant constraints women in Middle East and North Africa (MENA) face: limited labor market mobility, a mismatch between skills acquired in school and what is in demand in the labor market, and legal or institutional factors related to cultural norms, all of which inhibit the transition from school to work. The brief identifies various policy options and outlines the World Bank's strategy for supporting governments in achieving gender parity in the region. Rigorous analytical work, experimental policy pilots and lending operations with a strong gender focus all form part of the Bank's strategy towards reducing gender gaps in economic opportunities. 2017-08-15T16:40:27Z 2017-08-15T16:40:27Z 2010 Working Paper http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/772771468278943016/Bridging-the-gap-improving-capabilities-and-expanding-opportunities-for-women-in-the-Middle-East-and-North-Africa-region http://hdl.handle.net/10986/27834 English en_US CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo World Bank Washington, DC Publications & Research :: Working Paper Publications & Research Middle East and North Africa Middle East North Africa

Bridging the Gap : Improving Capabilities and Expanding Opportunities for Women in the Middle East and North Africa Region

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