Making the Grade : Smallholder Farmers, Emerging Standards, and Development Assistance Programs in Africa - A Research Program Synthesis
Market access has been identified as one of the foremost factors influencing the performance of small-scale producers in developing countries, and in particular least-developed countries. Smallholder access to markets for higher-value or differenti...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Other Agricultural Study |
| Language: | English |
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World Bank
2012
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000333037_20120215233328 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/2823 |
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okr-10986-2823 |
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| recordtype |
oai_dc |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English |
| topic |
ACCESS TO MARKETS ADVISERS AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES AGRICULTURAL SERVICES AGRICULTURE BREWERIES BREWING CAPACITY BUILDING COFFEE INDUSTRY COLLECTIVE ACTION COMMERCIALIZATION COMMON MARKET COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS COMPETITIVENESS CONSUMERS CROP DEVELOPMENT DAIRY DAIRY DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES DEVELOPMENT AGENCY DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DOMESTIC MARKET DOMESTIC MARKETS DRIVERS ECONOMETRIC ANALYSES ECONOMIC COOPERATION EMERGING MARKETS EMPLOYMENT EXPORT MARKETING EXPORT MARKETS EXPORTS FAIR FAIR TRADE FINANCIAL SECTOR FOOD ADDITIVES FOOD CHAINS FOOD MARKETS FOOD POLICY FOOD POLICY RESEARCH FOOD PRODUCTS FOOD SAFETY FOOD STANDARDS FOOD SUPPLY FRUIT GAUGE GROUNDNUT GROUNDNUTS HAZARD HONEY HYGIENE IFPRI INCOME INSURANCE INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE INTERNATIONAL MARKETS INTERNATIONAL TRADE ITC LABELLING LABOR ORGANIZATION LAMB MARKET ACCESS MARKET DEVELOPMENT MARKET INTEGRATION MARKET PENETRATION MARKET POWER MARKET SEGMENTS OUTPUTS PACKING PESTICIDE PRICE ADVANTAGE PRODUCT MARKETS PRODUCT QUALITY PRODUCTION PROCESS PRODUCTIVITY RETAIL RETAIL INDUSTRY RETAILING SAFETY SAFETY STANDARDS SERVICE MARKET SMALLHOLDER AGRICULTURE SPICES SPREAD SUBSTITUTE SUPERMARKET SUPERMARKETS SUPPLIER SUPPLIERS SUPPLY CHAIN SUPPLY CHAINS SUPPLY COSTS TEA TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TRADE FAIR TURNOVER VANILLA VEGETABLES WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WTO |
| spellingShingle |
ACCESS TO MARKETS ADVISERS AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES AGRICULTURAL SERVICES AGRICULTURE BREWERIES BREWING CAPACITY BUILDING COFFEE INDUSTRY COLLECTIVE ACTION COMMERCIALIZATION COMMON MARKET COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS COMPETITIVENESS CONSUMERS CROP DEVELOPMENT DAIRY DAIRY DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES DEVELOPMENT AGENCY DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DOMESTIC MARKET DOMESTIC MARKETS DRIVERS ECONOMETRIC ANALYSES ECONOMIC COOPERATION EMERGING MARKETS EMPLOYMENT EXPORT MARKETING EXPORT MARKETS EXPORTS FAIR FAIR TRADE FINANCIAL SECTOR FOOD ADDITIVES FOOD CHAINS FOOD MARKETS FOOD POLICY FOOD POLICY RESEARCH FOOD PRODUCTS FOOD SAFETY FOOD STANDARDS FOOD SUPPLY FRUIT GAUGE GROUNDNUT GROUNDNUTS HAZARD HONEY HYGIENE IFPRI INCOME INSURANCE INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE INTERNATIONAL MARKETS INTERNATIONAL TRADE ITC LABELLING LABOR ORGANIZATION LAMB MARKET ACCESS MARKET DEVELOPMENT MARKET INTEGRATION MARKET PENETRATION MARKET POWER MARKET SEGMENTS OUTPUTS PACKING PESTICIDE PRICE ADVANTAGE PRODUCT MARKETS PRODUCT QUALITY PRODUCTION PROCESS PRODUCTIVITY RETAIL RETAIL INDUSTRY RETAILING SAFETY SAFETY STANDARDS SERVICE MARKET SMALLHOLDER AGRICULTURE SPICES SPREAD SUBSTITUTE SUPERMARKET SUPERMARKETS SUPPLIER SUPPLIERS SUPPLY CHAIN SUPPLY CHAINS SUPPLY COSTS TEA TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TRADE FAIR TURNOVER VANILLA VEGETABLES WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WTO Jaffee, Steven Henson, Spencer Diaz Rios, Luz Making the Grade : Smallholder Farmers, Emerging Standards, and Development Assistance Programs in Africa - A Research Program Synthesis |
| geographic_facet |
Africa |
| description |
Market access has been identified as one
of the foremost factors influencing the performance of
small-scale producers in developing countries, and in
particular least-developed countries. Smallholder access to
markets for higher-value or differentiated agricultural and
food products (hereafter HVAF) is recognized as a vital
opportunity to enhance and diversify the livelihoods of
lower-income farm households and reduce rural poverty more
generally (World Bank 2007a). Smallholder participation in
HVAF markets is typically constrained by inadequate
farm-level resources, farm-to-market logistical bottlenecks,
and more general transaction costs in matching and
aggregating dispersed supplies to meet buyer and consumer
demand. These traditional constraints have been amplified
and, in some cases, surpassed by a new set of challenges
associated with compliance with product and process
standards, set and enforced by governments as well as
private supply-chain leaders. In the face of emerging
challenges and opportunities associated with standards and
serving HVAF markets, many development agencies,
nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), government agencies,
and private companies have implemented measures to level the
playing field, strengthen specific technical or
institutional capacities, or otherwise act to facilitate
smallholder compliance with standards and continued or
increased participation in HVAF supply chains. Such
investment, cost-sharing, capacity-building, or
capacity-bridging activities have expanded considerably in
recent years, especially in SSA. These initiatives have
taken varied forms and involved various entry points. Many
initiatives have been bottom-up, focusing on smallholder
(group) capacities for production, collective action,
standards compliance, and so forth; others have been
top-down, seeking to better link farmers to remunerative
markets through the efforts and enhanced capacities of lead
firms; and others have opted for intermediary models, with
donors and NGOs assuming critical supply-chain functions.
Still other interventions have focused outside of specific
value chains, seeking to strengthen the overall enabling
environment and support services for HVAF more generally.
Relatively little of this expanding field of development
assistance has been formally evaluated to consider its
cost-effectiveness and impacts. Nevertheless, there are
evident signs of learning and adjustment within the
development community regarding the strengths, limitations,
and pitfalls of various approaches and, relatively recently,
some efforts to begin to share these lessons and to better
coordinate development assistance in this field. |
| format |
Economic & Sector Work :: Other Agricultural Study |
| author |
Jaffee, Steven Henson, Spencer Diaz Rios, Luz |
| author_facet |
Jaffee, Steven Henson, Spencer Diaz Rios, Luz |
| author_sort |
Jaffee, Steven |
| title |
Making the Grade : Smallholder Farmers, Emerging Standards, and Development Assistance Programs in Africa - A Research Program Synthesis |
| title_short |
Making the Grade : Smallholder Farmers, Emerging Standards, and Development Assistance Programs in Africa - A Research Program Synthesis |
| title_full |
Making the Grade : Smallholder Farmers, Emerging Standards, and Development Assistance Programs in Africa - A Research Program Synthesis |
| title_fullStr |
Making the Grade : Smallholder Farmers, Emerging Standards, and Development Assistance Programs in Africa - A Research Program Synthesis |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Making the Grade : Smallholder Farmers, Emerging Standards, and Development Assistance Programs in Africa - A Research Program Synthesis |
| title_sort |
making the grade : smallholder farmers, emerging standards, and development assistance programs in africa - a research program synthesis |
| publisher |
World Bank |
| publishDate |
2012 |
| url |
http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000333037_20120215233328 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/2823 |
| _version_ |
1764386000563339264 |
| spelling |
okr-10986-28232021-04-23T14:02:04Z Making the Grade : Smallholder Farmers, Emerging Standards, and Development Assistance Programs in Africa - A Research Program Synthesis Jaffee, Steven Henson, Spencer Diaz Rios, Luz ACCESS TO MARKETS ADVISERS AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES AGRICULTURAL SERVICES AGRICULTURE BREWERIES BREWING CAPACITY BUILDING COFFEE INDUSTRY COLLECTIVE ACTION COMMERCIALIZATION COMMON MARKET COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS COMPETITIVENESS CONSUMERS CROP DEVELOPMENT DAIRY DAIRY DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT AGENCIES DEVELOPMENT AGENCY DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS DOMESTIC MARKET DOMESTIC MARKETS DRIVERS ECONOMETRIC ANALYSES ECONOMIC COOPERATION EMERGING MARKETS EMPLOYMENT EXPORT MARKETING EXPORT MARKETS EXPORTS FAIR FAIR TRADE FINANCIAL SECTOR FOOD ADDITIVES FOOD CHAINS FOOD MARKETS FOOD POLICY FOOD POLICY RESEARCH FOOD PRODUCTS FOOD SAFETY FOOD STANDARDS FOOD SUPPLY FRUIT GAUGE GROUNDNUT GROUNDNUTS HAZARD HONEY HYGIENE IFPRI INCOME INSURANCE INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE INTERNATIONAL MARKETS INTERNATIONAL TRADE ITC LABELLING LABOR ORGANIZATION LAMB MARKET ACCESS MARKET DEVELOPMENT MARKET INTEGRATION MARKET PENETRATION MARKET POWER MARKET SEGMENTS OUTPUTS PACKING PESTICIDE PRICE ADVANTAGE PRODUCT MARKETS PRODUCT QUALITY PRODUCTION PROCESS PRODUCTIVITY RETAIL RETAIL INDUSTRY RETAILING SAFETY SAFETY STANDARDS SERVICE MARKET SMALLHOLDER AGRICULTURE SPICES SPREAD SUBSTITUTE SUPERMARKET SUPERMARKETS SUPPLIER SUPPLIERS SUPPLY CHAIN SUPPLY CHAINS SUPPLY COSTS TEA TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TRADE FAIR TURNOVER VANILLA VEGETABLES WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION WTO Market access has been identified as one of the foremost factors influencing the performance of small-scale producers in developing countries, and in particular least-developed countries. Smallholder access to markets for higher-value or differentiated agricultural and food products (hereafter HVAF) is recognized as a vital opportunity to enhance and diversify the livelihoods of lower-income farm households and reduce rural poverty more generally (World Bank 2007a). Smallholder participation in HVAF markets is typically constrained by inadequate farm-level resources, farm-to-market logistical bottlenecks, and more general transaction costs in matching and aggregating dispersed supplies to meet buyer and consumer demand. These traditional constraints have been amplified and, in some cases, surpassed by a new set of challenges associated with compliance with product and process standards, set and enforced by governments as well as private supply-chain leaders. In the face of emerging challenges and opportunities associated with standards and serving HVAF markets, many development agencies, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), government agencies, and private companies have implemented measures to level the playing field, strengthen specific technical or institutional capacities, or otherwise act to facilitate smallholder compliance with standards and continued or increased participation in HVAF supply chains. Such investment, cost-sharing, capacity-building, or capacity-bridging activities have expanded considerably in recent years, especially in SSA. These initiatives have taken varied forms and involved various entry points. Many initiatives have been bottom-up, focusing on smallholder (group) capacities for production, collective action, standards compliance, and so forth; others have been top-down, seeking to better link farmers to remunerative markets through the efforts and enhanced capacities of lead firms; and others have opted for intermediary models, with donors and NGOs assuming critical supply-chain functions. Still other interventions have focused outside of specific value chains, seeking to strengthen the overall enabling environment and support services for HVAF more generally. Relatively little of this expanding field of development assistance has been formally evaluated to consider its cost-effectiveness and impacts. Nevertheless, there are evident signs of learning and adjustment within the development community regarding the strengths, limitations, and pitfalls of various approaches and, relatively recently, some efforts to begin to share these lessons and to better coordinate development assistance in this field. 2012-03-19T10:14:26Z 2012-03-19T10:14:26Z 2011-06-01 http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000333037_20120215233328 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/2823 English CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank Economic & Sector Work :: Other Agricultural Study Africa |