Inequality of Opportunity in South Caucasus
This paper discusses equality of opportunity in Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia, with an emphasis on access to labor market opportunities. It develops an inequality of opportunity index on access to good jobs and decomposes the contributing factor...
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World Bank, Washington, DC
2018
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/337061525706296867/Inequality-of-opportunity-in-South-Caucasus http://hdl.handle.net/10986/29838 |
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okr-10986-298382021-06-08T14:42:46Z Inequality of Opportunity in South Caucasus Fuchs, Alan Tiwari, Sailesh Shidiq, Akhmad Rizal INTERGENERATIONAL MOBILITY INEQUALITY EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY EDUCATION EMPLOYMENT LABOR MARKET LABOR MOBILITY POVERTY REDUCTION JOBS GENDER EQUALITY This paper discusses equality of opportunity in Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia, with an emphasis on access to labor market opportunities. It develops an inequality of opportunity index on access to good jobs and decomposes the contributing factors in the prevailing inequality. Then, it discusses the extent to which inequality in accessing human capital inputs among individuals during the early formative years may affect access to good jobs. The main takeaways are as follows. First, connections play an important role in obtaining access to good jobs in the South Caucasus, highlighting the unfairness in processes in the sub-region's labor markets. Second, access to good jobs—defined as work for 20 hours or more a week and work under contract or with tenure—is low in the South Caucasus in comparison with other parts of Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Third, even among people who have access to these jobs, the share of the total inequality of opportunity that may be characterized as unfair is relatively high. Armenia and Azerbaijan stand out for the significant share of inequality in access to good jobs associated with gender differences. Fourth, the analysis on access to education and basic human capital inputs in the earlier, formative stages of life shows that learning performance in the South Caucasus tends to be poor and unequal across the life circumstances of children. Nonetheless, the coverage rates of basic human capital inputs are generally high; the relatively narrow inequalities arise mostly from spatial disparities. These results indicate that addressing the deep structural inequalities shaping the landscape of opportunity in the South Caucasus must be a key consideration in any strategy to share prosperity sustainably. 2018-05-16T15:32:30Z 2018-05-16T15:32:30Z 2018-05 Working Paper http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/337061525706296867/Inequality-of-opportunity-in-South-Caucasus http://hdl.handle.net/10986/29838 English Policy Research Working Paper;No. 8432 CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo World Bank World Bank, Washington, DC Publications & Research Publications & Research :: Policy Research Working Paper Europe and Central Asia Eastern Europe Armenia Azerbaijan Georgia |
| repository_type |
Digital Repository |
| institution_category |
Foreign Institution |
| institution |
Digital Repositories |
| building |
World Bank Open Knowledge Repository |
| collection |
World Bank |
| language |
English |
| topic |
INTERGENERATIONAL MOBILITY INEQUALITY EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY EDUCATION EMPLOYMENT LABOR MARKET LABOR MOBILITY POVERTY REDUCTION JOBS GENDER EQUALITY |
| spellingShingle |
INTERGENERATIONAL MOBILITY INEQUALITY EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY EDUCATION EMPLOYMENT LABOR MARKET LABOR MOBILITY POVERTY REDUCTION JOBS GENDER EQUALITY Fuchs, Alan Tiwari, Sailesh Shidiq, Akhmad Rizal Inequality of Opportunity in South Caucasus |
| geographic_facet |
Europe and Central Asia Eastern Europe Armenia Azerbaijan Georgia |
| relation |
Policy Research Working Paper;No. 8432 |
| description |
This paper discusses equality of
opportunity in Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia, with an
emphasis on access to labor market opportunities. It
develops an inequality of opportunity index on access to
good jobs and decomposes the contributing factors in the
prevailing inequality. Then, it discusses the extent to
which inequality in accessing human capital inputs among
individuals during the early formative years may affect
access to good jobs. The main takeaways are as follows.
First, connections play an important role in obtaining
access to good jobs in the South Caucasus, highlighting the
unfairness in processes in the sub-region's labor
markets. Second, access to good jobs—defined as work for 20
hours or more a week and work under contract or with
tenure—is low in the South Caucasus in comparison with other
parts of Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Third, even among
people who have access to these jobs, the share of the total
inequality of opportunity that may be characterized as
unfair is relatively high. Armenia and Azerbaijan stand out
for the significant share of inequality in access to good
jobs associated with gender differences. Fourth, the
analysis on access to education and basic human capital
inputs in the earlier, formative stages of life shows that
learning performance in the South Caucasus tends to be poor
and unequal across the life circumstances of children.
Nonetheless, the coverage rates of basic human capital
inputs are generally high; the relatively narrow
inequalities arise mostly from spatial disparities. These
results indicate that addressing the deep structural
inequalities shaping the landscape of opportunity in the
South Caucasus must be a key consideration in any strategy
to share prosperity sustainably. |
| format |
Working Paper |
| author |
Fuchs, Alan Tiwari, Sailesh Shidiq, Akhmad Rizal |
| author_facet |
Fuchs, Alan Tiwari, Sailesh Shidiq, Akhmad Rizal |
| author_sort |
Fuchs, Alan |
| title |
Inequality of Opportunity in South Caucasus |
| title_short |
Inequality of Opportunity in South Caucasus |
| title_full |
Inequality of Opportunity in South Caucasus |
| title_fullStr |
Inequality of Opportunity in South Caucasus |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Inequality of Opportunity in South Caucasus |
| title_sort |
inequality of opportunity in south caucasus |
| publisher |
World Bank, Washington, DC |
| publishDate |
2018 |
| url |
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/337061525706296867/Inequality-of-opportunity-in-South-Caucasus http://hdl.handle.net/10986/29838 |
| _version_ |
1764470517883994112 |