Arab Republic of Egypt : Gender assessment 2010

The objective of this policy note is to examine the gender dimension of the Egyptian labor market, with a focus on identifying the scope for policies to improve female labor force participation. An update to the Egypt gender assessment report of 20...

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Main Author:	World Bank
Format:	Country Gender Assessment (CGA)
Language:	English
Published:	World Bank 2012
Subjects:	ACTIVE LABOR ACTIVE LABOR MARKET ACTIVE LABOR MARKET POLICIES ACTIVE LABOR MARKET POLICY ACTIVE LABOR MARKET PROGRAMS AGE GROUP AGE GROUPS CHILD CARE CHILD HEALTH CHILD WELFARE CLASSROOM TRAINING DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISCRIMINATION EARNING ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY EDUCATED WOMEN EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EMPLOYABILITY EMPLOYEE EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT GROWTH EMPLOYMENT HISTORY EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES EMPLOYMENT PROSPECTS EMPLOYMENT SUBSIDIES ENVIRONMENT FOR WOMEN EQUAL ACCESS EQUAL PARTNERS EQUAL PAY EQUAL RIGHTS EQUAL RIGHTS FOR WOMEN EQUAL TREATMENT EQUAL WORK FAMILY FORMATION FEMALE EDUCATION FEMALE EMPLOYEES FEMALE EMPLOYMENT FEMALE ENTREPRENEURS FEMALE INTENSITY FEMALE LABOR FEMALE LABOR FORCE FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION FEMALE LEADERS FEMALE MORTALITY FEMALE STUDENTS FEMALE WORKERS FERTILITY FEWER WOMEN FIRM LEVEL FORMAL EDUCATION FULL TIME JOB GENDER GENDER ASSESSMENT GENDER DIFFERENCES GENDER DIFFERENTIALS GENDER DIMENSION GENDER EQUITY GENDER GAP GENDER GAPS GENDER INEQUALITY GENDER WAGE GAPS GIRLS GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT HEALTH RISKS HIGH SCHOOL EDUCATION HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT RATES HIGHLY EDUCATED WOMEN HOUSEHOLD ENTERPRISES HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD LEVEL HOUSEHOLD RESPONSIBILITIES HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD WEALTH HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN RESOURCE HUSBANDS ILLITERATE WOMEN IMMUNIZATION IMPORTANT POLICY IMPROVEMENTS IN CHILD SURVIVAL INDUSTRY CHARACTERISTICS INFANT INFANT MORTALITY INFORMAL SECTOR JOB MARKET JOB OPPORTUNITIES JOB OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN JOB SEARCH JOB SEARCH ASSISTANCE JOB SEARCH ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS JOB SEEKERS JOB TRAINING JOBS LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET CHARACTERISTICS LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES LABOR MARKET PROGRAMS LABOR MARKET TRAINING LABOR MARKETS LABOR OFFICE LABOR PRODUCTIVITY LABOR SUPPLY LACK OF INFORMATION LEVELS OF EDUCATION LIVES OF WOMEN MALE COUNTERPARTS MANPOWER MARITAL STATUS MATERNITY LEAVE MOTHER NATIONAL POLITICS NET EMPLOYMENT NET EMPLOYMENT EFFECTS NON-FARM SECTOR NUMBER OF CHILDREN NUTRITION NUTRITIONAL LEVELS OCCUPATION OCCUPATIONS ON-THE-JOB TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN PAID MATERNITY POLICY CONCERN POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY MAKERS POLITICAL LEADERSHIP POLITICAL PARTICIPATION POPULATION COUNCIL POST-PROGRAM EMPLOYMENT POST-PROGRAM EMPLOYMENT RATES PREGNANCY PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS PRIVATE FIRMS PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVATE SECTOR ALTERNATIVES PRIVATE SECTOR EMPLOYEES PRIVATE SECTOR FIRMS PRIVATE SECTOR JOBS PRIVATE SECTOR WAGE PROBIT REGRESSIONS PRODUCTIVE EMPLOYMENT PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE PROGRESS PROPORTION OF WOMEN PUBLIC LIFE PUBLIC SECTOR EMPLOYEES PUBLIC SECTOR JOBS PUBLIC SERVICE RESPECT RISING UNEMPLOYMENT RURAL AREAS RURAL COMMUNITIES RURAL WOMEN SAFETY NETS SCHOOL ENROLMENT SECONDARY SCHOOL SELF EMPLOYMENT SEXUAL HARASSMENT SEXUALITY SINGLE WOMEN SOCIAL NORMS SOCIAL SECURITY SPATIAL MOBILITY SPOUSE TOLERANCE TOTAL EMPLOYMENT TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY TRAINING PROGRAM TRAINING PROGRAMS TRANSPORTATION UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT AMONG WOMEN UNEMPLOYMENT LEVELS UNEMPLOYMENT RATE UNEMPLOYMENT RATES UNITED NATIONS UNMARRIED WOMEN URBAN AREAS URBAN WOMEN VOCATIONAL SCHOOL VULNERABILITY WAGE DIFFERENCES WAGE DIFFERENTIALS WAGE EARNER WAGE GAIN WAGE GAP WAGE SUBSIDIES WAGE SUBSIDY WAGE SUBSIDY PROGRAM WOMAN WOMEN LEADERS WOMEN WORKERS WORK EXPERIENCE WORK FORCE WORKER WORKERS WORKFORCE WORKING CONDITIONS WORKING WOMEN YOUNG CHILDREN YOUNG PEOPLE YOUNG WOMEN YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT
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institution_category	Foreign Institution
institution	Digital Repositories
building	World Bank Open Knowledge Repository
collection	World Bank
language	English
topic	ACTIVE LABOR ACTIVE LABOR MARKET ACTIVE LABOR MARKET POLICIES ACTIVE LABOR MARKET POLICY ACTIVE LABOR MARKET PROGRAMS AGE GROUP AGE GROUPS CHILD CARE CHILD HEALTH CHILD WELFARE CLASSROOM TRAINING DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISCRIMINATION EARNING ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY EDUCATED WOMEN EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EMPLOYABILITY EMPLOYEE EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT GROWTH EMPLOYMENT HISTORY EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES EMPLOYMENT PROSPECTS EMPLOYMENT SUBSIDIES ENVIRONMENT FOR WOMEN EQUAL ACCESS EQUAL PARTNERS EQUAL PAY EQUAL RIGHTS EQUAL RIGHTS FOR WOMEN EQUAL TREATMENT EQUAL WORK FAMILY FORMATION FEMALE EDUCATION FEMALE EMPLOYEES FEMALE EMPLOYMENT FEMALE ENTREPRENEURS FEMALE INTENSITY FEMALE LABOR FEMALE LABOR FORCE FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION FEMALE LEADERS FEMALE MORTALITY FEMALE STUDENTS FEMALE WORKERS FERTILITY FEWER WOMEN FIRM LEVEL FORMAL EDUCATION FULL TIME JOB GENDER GENDER ASSESSMENT GENDER DIFFERENCES GENDER DIFFERENTIALS GENDER DIMENSION GENDER EQUITY GENDER GAP GENDER GAPS GENDER INEQUALITY GENDER WAGE GAPS GIRLS GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT HEALTH RISKS HIGH SCHOOL EDUCATION HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT RATES HIGHLY EDUCATED WOMEN HOUSEHOLD ENTERPRISES HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD LEVEL HOUSEHOLD RESPONSIBILITIES HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD WEALTH HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN RESOURCE HUSBANDS ILLITERATE WOMEN IMMUNIZATION IMPORTANT POLICY IMPROVEMENTS IN CHILD SURVIVAL INDUSTRY CHARACTERISTICS INFANT INFANT MORTALITY INFORMAL SECTOR JOB MARKET JOB OPPORTUNITIES JOB OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN JOB SEARCH JOB SEARCH ASSISTANCE JOB SEARCH ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS JOB SEEKERS JOB TRAINING JOBS LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET CHARACTERISTICS LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES LABOR MARKET PROGRAMS LABOR MARKET TRAINING LABOR MARKETS LABOR OFFICE LABOR PRODUCTIVITY LABOR SUPPLY LACK OF INFORMATION LEVELS OF EDUCATION LIVES OF WOMEN MALE COUNTERPARTS MANPOWER MARITAL STATUS MATERNITY LEAVE MOTHER NATIONAL POLITICS NET EMPLOYMENT NET EMPLOYMENT EFFECTS NON-FARM SECTOR NUMBER OF CHILDREN NUTRITION NUTRITIONAL LEVELS OCCUPATION OCCUPATIONS ON-THE-JOB TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN PAID MATERNITY POLICY CONCERN POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY MAKERS POLITICAL LEADERSHIP POLITICAL PARTICIPATION POPULATION COUNCIL POST-PROGRAM EMPLOYMENT POST-PROGRAM EMPLOYMENT RATES PREGNANCY PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS PRIVATE FIRMS PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVATE SECTOR ALTERNATIVES PRIVATE SECTOR EMPLOYEES PRIVATE SECTOR FIRMS PRIVATE SECTOR JOBS PRIVATE SECTOR WAGE PROBIT REGRESSIONS PRODUCTIVE EMPLOYMENT PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE PROGRESS PROPORTION OF WOMEN PUBLIC LIFE PUBLIC SECTOR EMPLOYEES PUBLIC SECTOR JOBS PUBLIC SERVICE RESPECT RISING UNEMPLOYMENT RURAL AREAS RURAL COMMUNITIES RURAL WOMEN SAFETY NETS SCHOOL ENROLMENT SECONDARY SCHOOL SELF EMPLOYMENT SEXUAL HARASSMENT SEXUALITY SINGLE WOMEN SOCIAL NORMS SOCIAL SECURITY SPATIAL MOBILITY SPOUSE TOLERANCE TOTAL EMPLOYMENT TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY TRAINING PROGRAM TRAINING PROGRAMS TRANSPORTATION UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT AMONG WOMEN UNEMPLOYMENT LEVELS UNEMPLOYMENT RATE UNEMPLOYMENT RATES UNITED NATIONS UNMARRIED WOMEN URBAN AREAS URBAN WOMEN VOCATIONAL SCHOOL VULNERABILITY WAGE DIFFERENCES WAGE DIFFERENTIALS WAGE EARNER WAGE GAIN WAGE GAP WAGE SUBSIDIES WAGE SUBSIDY WAGE SUBSIDY PROGRAM WOMAN WOMEN LEADERS WOMEN WORKERS WORK EXPERIENCE WORK FORCE WORKER WORKERS WORKFORCE WORKING CONDITIONS WORKING WOMEN YOUNG CHILDREN YOUNG PEOPLE YOUNG WOMEN YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT
spellingShingle	ACTIVE LABOR ACTIVE LABOR MARKET ACTIVE LABOR MARKET POLICIES ACTIVE LABOR MARKET POLICY ACTIVE LABOR MARKET PROGRAMS AGE GROUP AGE GROUPS CHILD CARE CHILD HEALTH CHILD WELFARE CLASSROOM TRAINING DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISCRIMINATION EARNING ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY EDUCATED WOMEN EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EMPLOYABILITY EMPLOYEE EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT GROWTH EMPLOYMENT HISTORY EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES EMPLOYMENT PROSPECTS EMPLOYMENT SUBSIDIES ENVIRONMENT FOR WOMEN EQUAL ACCESS EQUAL PARTNERS EQUAL PAY EQUAL RIGHTS EQUAL RIGHTS FOR WOMEN EQUAL TREATMENT EQUAL WORK FAMILY FORMATION FEMALE EDUCATION FEMALE EMPLOYEES FEMALE EMPLOYMENT FEMALE ENTREPRENEURS FEMALE INTENSITY FEMALE LABOR FEMALE LABOR FORCE FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION FEMALE LEADERS FEMALE MORTALITY FEMALE STUDENTS FEMALE WORKERS FERTILITY FEWER WOMEN FIRM LEVEL FORMAL EDUCATION FULL TIME JOB GENDER GENDER ASSESSMENT GENDER DIFFERENCES GENDER DIFFERENTIALS GENDER DIMENSION GENDER EQUITY GENDER GAP GENDER GAPS GENDER INEQUALITY GENDER WAGE GAPS GIRLS GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT HEALTH RISKS HIGH SCHOOL EDUCATION HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT RATES HIGHLY EDUCATED WOMEN HOUSEHOLD ENTERPRISES HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD LEVEL HOUSEHOLD RESPONSIBILITIES HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD WEALTH HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN RESOURCE HUSBANDS ILLITERATE WOMEN IMMUNIZATION IMPORTANT POLICY IMPROVEMENTS IN CHILD SURVIVAL INDUSTRY CHARACTERISTICS INFANT INFANT MORTALITY INFORMAL SECTOR JOB MARKET JOB OPPORTUNITIES JOB OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN JOB SEARCH JOB SEARCH ASSISTANCE JOB SEARCH ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS JOB SEEKERS JOB TRAINING JOBS LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET CHARACTERISTICS LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES LABOR MARKET PROGRAMS LABOR MARKET TRAINING LABOR MARKETS LABOR OFFICE LABOR PRODUCTIVITY LABOR SUPPLY LACK OF INFORMATION LEVELS OF EDUCATION LIVES OF WOMEN MALE COUNTERPARTS MANPOWER MARITAL STATUS MATERNITY LEAVE MOTHER NATIONAL POLITICS NET EMPLOYMENT NET EMPLOYMENT EFFECTS NON-FARM SECTOR NUMBER OF CHILDREN NUTRITION NUTRITIONAL LEVELS OCCUPATION OCCUPATIONS ON-THE-JOB TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN PAID MATERNITY POLICY CONCERN POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY MAKERS POLITICAL LEADERSHIP POLITICAL PARTICIPATION POPULATION COUNCIL POST-PROGRAM EMPLOYMENT POST-PROGRAM EMPLOYMENT RATES PREGNANCY PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS PRIVATE FIRMS PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVATE SECTOR ALTERNATIVES PRIVATE SECTOR EMPLOYEES PRIVATE SECTOR FIRMS PRIVATE SECTOR JOBS PRIVATE SECTOR WAGE PROBIT REGRESSIONS PRODUCTIVE EMPLOYMENT PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE PROGRESS PROPORTION OF WOMEN PUBLIC LIFE PUBLIC SECTOR EMPLOYEES PUBLIC SECTOR JOBS PUBLIC SERVICE RESPECT RISING UNEMPLOYMENT RURAL AREAS RURAL COMMUNITIES RURAL WOMEN SAFETY NETS SCHOOL ENROLMENT SECONDARY SCHOOL SELF EMPLOYMENT SEXUAL HARASSMENT SEXUALITY SINGLE WOMEN SOCIAL NORMS SOCIAL SECURITY SPATIAL MOBILITY SPOUSE TOLERANCE TOTAL EMPLOYMENT TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY TRAINING PROGRAM TRAINING PROGRAMS TRANSPORTATION UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT AMONG WOMEN UNEMPLOYMENT LEVELS UNEMPLOYMENT RATE UNEMPLOYMENT RATES UNITED NATIONS UNMARRIED WOMEN URBAN AREAS URBAN WOMEN VOCATIONAL SCHOOL VULNERABILITY WAGE DIFFERENCES WAGE DIFFERENTIALS WAGE EARNER WAGE GAIN WAGE GAP WAGE SUBSIDIES WAGE SUBSIDY WAGE SUBSIDY PROGRAM WOMAN WOMEN LEADERS WOMEN WORKERS WORK EXPERIENCE WORK FORCE WORKER WORKERS WORKFORCE WORKING CONDITIONS WORKING WOMEN YOUNG CHILDREN YOUNG PEOPLE YOUNG WOMEN YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT World Bank Arab Republic of Egypt : Gender assessment 2010
geographic_facet	Middle East and North Africa North Africa Europe Middle East Egypt, Arab Republic of
description	The objective of this policy note is to examine the gender dimension of the Egyptian labor market, with a focus on identifying the scope for policies to improve female labor force participation. An update to the Egypt gender assessment report of 2003, it is envisioned as a contribution to programmatic work on gender and inclusion in Egypt, helping build evidence which can inform policy aimed at improving the participation and retention of women in the labor force. Analytical and investigative in nature, it is the hope that this note will motivate discussion and debate among stakeholders in the country. The questions to be addressed in the note are also relevant for policy discussions and Bank operations in other countries, especially those in the Middle East North Africa (MENA) region where females face similar challenges to labor force participation. Besides laying out the underlying correlates of gender gaps in these areas, the report recommended a comprehensive list of 'strategic interventions' by sector for the government and other development actors, in areas such as investment in women's education, the re-examination of certain discriminatory provisions in the country's legal system, and the promotion of cultural norms that value women as equal partners to men. In the sphere of women's economic opportunities, the report pinpointed vulnerabilities such as high unemployment rates (particularly among the more educated), and a disproportionate dependence on an already shrinking public sector. Highlighting the need for creating productive and sustainable jobs for women in the private sector, the report suggested initiatives such as increasing women's access to training, technology, land, credit and information.
format	Economic & Sector Work :: Country Gender Assessment (CGA)
author	World Bank
author_facet	World Bank
author_sort	World Bank
title	Arab Republic of Egypt : Gender assessment 2010
title_short	Arab Republic of Egypt : Gender assessment 2010
title_full	Arab Republic of Egypt : Gender assessment 2010
title_fullStr	Arab Republic of Egypt : Gender assessment 2010
title_full_unstemmed	Arab Republic of Egypt : Gender assessment 2010
title_sort	arab republic of egypt : gender assessment 2010
publisher	World Bank
publishDate	2012
url	http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000386194_20110913010434 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3003
_version_	1764386329102123008
spelling	okr-10986-30032021-04-23T14:02:06Z Arab Republic of Egypt : Gender assessment 2010 World Bank ACTIVE LABOR ACTIVE LABOR MARKET ACTIVE LABOR MARKET POLICIES ACTIVE LABOR MARKET POLICY ACTIVE LABOR MARKET PROGRAMS AGE GROUP AGE GROUPS CHILD CARE CHILD HEALTH CHILD WELFARE CLASSROOM TRAINING DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION DEVELOPING COUNTRIES DISCRIMINATION EARNING ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT ECONOMIC GROWTH ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY EDUCATED WOMEN EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT EMPLOYABILITY EMPLOYEE EMPLOYMENT EMPLOYMENT GROWTH EMPLOYMENT HISTORY EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES EMPLOYMENT PROSPECTS EMPLOYMENT SUBSIDIES ENVIRONMENT FOR WOMEN EQUAL ACCESS EQUAL PARTNERS EQUAL PAY EQUAL RIGHTS EQUAL RIGHTS FOR WOMEN EQUAL TREATMENT EQUAL WORK FAMILY FORMATION FEMALE EDUCATION FEMALE EMPLOYEES FEMALE EMPLOYMENT FEMALE ENTREPRENEURS FEMALE INTENSITY FEMALE LABOR FEMALE LABOR FORCE FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION FEMALE LEADERS FEMALE MORTALITY FEMALE STUDENTS FEMALE WORKERS FERTILITY FEWER WOMEN FIRM LEVEL FORMAL EDUCATION FULL TIME JOB GENDER GENDER ASSESSMENT GENDER DIFFERENCES GENDER DIFFERENTIALS GENDER DIMENSION GENDER EQUITY GENDER GAP GENDER GAPS GENDER INEQUALITY GENDER WAGE GAPS GIRLS GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT HEALTH RISKS HIGH SCHOOL EDUCATION HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT RATES HIGHLY EDUCATED WOMEN HOUSEHOLD ENTERPRISES HOUSEHOLD INCOME HOUSEHOLD LEVEL HOUSEHOLD RESPONSIBILITIES HOUSEHOLD SURVEY HOUSEHOLD WEALTH HUMAN CAPITAL HUMAN RESOURCE HUSBANDS ILLITERATE WOMEN IMMUNIZATION IMPORTANT POLICY IMPROVEMENTS IN CHILD SURVIVAL INDUSTRY CHARACTERISTICS INFANT INFANT MORTALITY INFORMAL SECTOR JOB MARKET JOB OPPORTUNITIES JOB OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN JOB SEARCH JOB SEARCH ASSISTANCE JOB SEARCH ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS JOB SEEKERS JOB TRAINING JOBS LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION LABOR MARKET LABOR MARKET CHARACTERISTICS LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES LABOR MARKET PROGRAMS LABOR MARKET TRAINING LABOR MARKETS LABOR OFFICE LABOR PRODUCTIVITY LABOR SUPPLY LACK OF INFORMATION LEVELS OF EDUCATION LIVES OF WOMEN MALE COUNTERPARTS MANPOWER MARITAL STATUS MATERNITY LEAVE MOTHER NATIONAL POLITICS NET EMPLOYMENT NET EMPLOYMENT EFFECTS NON-FARM SECTOR NUMBER OF CHILDREN NUTRITION NUTRITIONAL LEVELS OCCUPATION OCCUPATIONS ON-THE-JOB TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN PAID MATERNITY POLICY CONCERN POLICY DISCUSSIONS POLICY IMPLICATIONS POLICY MAKERS POLITICAL LEADERSHIP POLITICAL PARTICIPATION POPULATION COUNCIL POST-PROGRAM EMPLOYMENT POST-PROGRAM EMPLOYMENT RATES PREGNANCY PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS PRIVATE FIRMS PRIVATE SECTOR PRIVATE SECTOR ALTERNATIVES PRIVATE SECTOR EMPLOYEES PRIVATE SECTOR FIRMS PRIVATE SECTOR JOBS PRIVATE SECTOR WAGE PROBIT REGRESSIONS PRODUCTIVE EMPLOYMENT PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE PROGRESS PROPORTION OF WOMEN PUBLIC LIFE PUBLIC SECTOR EMPLOYEES PUBLIC SECTOR JOBS PUBLIC SERVICE RESPECT RISING UNEMPLOYMENT RURAL AREAS RURAL COMMUNITIES RURAL WOMEN SAFETY NETS SCHOOL ENROLMENT SECONDARY SCHOOL SELF EMPLOYMENT SEXUAL HARASSMENT SEXUALITY SINGLE WOMEN SOCIAL NORMS SOCIAL SECURITY SPATIAL MOBILITY SPOUSE TOLERANCE TOTAL EMPLOYMENT TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY TRAINING PROGRAM TRAINING PROGRAMS TRANSPORTATION UNEMPLOYED UNEMPLOYMENT UNEMPLOYMENT AMONG WOMEN UNEMPLOYMENT LEVELS UNEMPLOYMENT RATE UNEMPLOYMENT RATES UNITED NATIONS UNMARRIED WOMEN URBAN AREAS URBAN WOMEN VOCATIONAL SCHOOL VULNERABILITY WAGE DIFFERENCES WAGE DIFFERENTIALS WAGE EARNER WAGE GAIN WAGE GAP WAGE SUBSIDIES WAGE SUBSIDY WAGE SUBSIDY PROGRAM WOMAN WOMEN LEADERS WOMEN WORKERS WORK EXPERIENCE WORK FORCE WORKER WORKERS WORKFORCE WORKING CONDITIONS WORKING WOMEN YOUNG CHILDREN YOUNG PEOPLE YOUNG WOMEN YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT The objective of this policy note is to examine the gender dimension of the Egyptian labor market, with a focus on identifying the scope for policies to improve female labor force participation. An update to the Egypt gender assessment report of 2003, it is envisioned as a contribution to programmatic work on gender and inclusion in Egypt, helping build evidence which can inform policy aimed at improving the participation and retention of women in the labor force. Analytical and investigative in nature, it is the hope that this note will motivate discussion and debate among stakeholders in the country. The questions to be addressed in the note are also relevant for policy discussions and Bank operations in other countries, especially those in the Middle East North Africa (MENA) region where females face similar challenges to labor force participation. Besides laying out the underlying correlates of gender gaps in these areas, the report recommended a comprehensive list of 'strategic interventions' by sector for the government and other development actors, in areas such as investment in women's education, the re-examination of certain discriminatory provisions in the country's legal system, and the promotion of cultural norms that value women as equal partners to men. In the sphere of women's economic opportunities, the report pinpointed vulnerabilities such as high unemployment rates (particularly among the more educated), and a disproportionate dependence on an already shrinking public sector. Highlighting the need for creating productive and sustainable jobs for women in the private sector, the report suggested initiatives such as increasing women's access to training, technology, land, credit and information. 2012-03-19T10:26:56Z 2012-03-19T10:26:56Z 2010-01-01 http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000386194_20110913010434 http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3003 English CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank World Bank Economic & Sector Work :: Country Gender Assessment (CGA) Middle East and North Africa North Africa Europe Middle East Egypt, Arab Republic of

Arab Republic of Egypt : Gender assessment 2010

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