Air Quality Management in Poland
Despite significant efforts to reduce polluting air emissions, during and after the economic transition in the 1990s, Poland remains home to many of the most polluted cities in the European Union (EU). This report examines the nature and magnitude...
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| Format: | Report |
| Language: | English |
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World Bank, Washington, DC
2019
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| Online Access: | http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/574171554178748054/Air-Quality-Management-in-Poland http://hdl.handle.net/10986/31531 |
| Summary: | Despite significant efforts to reduce
polluting air emissions, during and after the economic
transition in the 1990s, Poland remains home to many of the
most polluted cities in the European Union (EU). This report
examines the nature and magnitude of ambient air pollution
(AAP) in Poland. It provides estimates of the health burden,
and economic cost associated with the health impacts, of
ambient air pollution i.e., particulate matter (PM) both at
national and regional or voivodeship levels in Poland. It
also explores the roles of various sources of air pollution
emissions on ambient air quality in Poland. With emphasis on
the critical residential sector, this report analyses the
likely impacts of national and EU legislative scenarios on
future pollution emissions and ambient air quality in
Poland. In addition, the report performs a demonstrative
cost-benefit analysis of selected interventions to reduce
AAP in residential and transport sectors and from point
sources in the voivodeships that bear the heaviest burden of
the impacts of AAP. Institutional factors that affect the
effectiveness of ambient air quality management are
discussed. Finally, policy recommendations for air pollution
prevention, reduction and abatement are presented. The
current study estimates that 25,280 - 44,811 deaths were
caused by ambient PM2.5 pollution in Poland in 2016. The
analysis applied two methodologies: (i) the approach from
the 2016 Global Burden of Disease study; and (ii) the
approach used by the EEA in their 2018 study. GBD studies
analyze the health risks attributable to environmental
factors, for different years, for most countries by linking
environmental factors with the burden of disease
attributable to them. Consistent with the GBD methodology,
the analysis in this chapter applies a conservative approach
by calculating premature, age-specific mortality from five
diseases - ischemic heart disease, stroke, COPD, lung
cancer, lower respiratory illness, that are directly linked
to PM pollution. By contrast, the EEA approach calculates
all-cause or non-accidental mortality (i.e., all deaths
excluding poisoning, suicide and war), and assumes a linear
relationship between mortality and PM concentration for
population above age 30. The morbidity health burden is
estimated in this report using HRAPIE recommended
methodology (WHO, 2013) that focuses on acute bronchitis for
children, chronic bronchitis for adults, cardiovascular and
respiratory hospital admissions and lost work days caused by
PM air pollution. |
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